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A political union is a type of state which is composed of or created out of smaller states. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Unlike a personal union, the individual states share a common government and the union is recognized internationally as a single political entity. A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct A political union may also be called a legislative union or state union.

A union may be effected in a number of forms, broadly categorized as an incorporating union, incorporating annexation, federal (or confederal) union or federative annexation, and mixed unions.

Contents

Incorporating union

In an incorporating union a new state is created, the former states being entirely dissolved into the new state.

Examples of incorporating union

Preservation of interests

Nevertheless a full incorporating union may preserve the laws and institutions of the former states, as happened in the creating of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Treaty of Union is the name given to the agreement that led to the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the Political union of England (including The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The phrase Act of Union 1800 (or sometimes Act of Union 1801) (Acht an Aontais 1800 is used to describe two complementary Acts whose official United Kingdom titles are } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa. The South Africa Act 1909 was an Act of the British Parliament which created the Union of South Africa from the British Colonies of the Cape of Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya This may be simply a matter of practice or to comply with a guarantee given in the terms of the union. For example:

without their consent (a guarantee revoked by the Austrian republic). Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East

Incorporting annexation

In an incorporating annexation a state or states is united to and dissolved in an existing state, whose legal existence continues.

Annexation may be voluntary (as with Montenegro's union into Serbia in 1918) or, which is more frequent, by conquest.

Examples of incorporting annexation

Federal or Confederal union

In a federal or confederal union the states continue in existence but place themselves under a new federal authority. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally The Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 (Y Deddfau Uno 1535 a 1542 were a series of parliamentary measures by which the legal system of Wales was annexed to England and Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The History of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, into the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro. The federal state alone will be the state in international law though the federated states retain an existence in domestic law.

Examples of Federal or Confederal union

Federal or Confederal annexation

If a state becomes a federated unit of another existing state, the latter continuing its lgal existence, then that is a federal annexation. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Constitution Act 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act) constitutes a major part of The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, also the Articles of Confederation was the governing Constitution of the alliance of thirteen independent and The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. The new federated state thus ceases to be a state in international law but retains its legal existence in domestic law, subsidiary to the federal authority.

Examples of federal annexation

(Arguably Hawaii with the United States of America is an example, but Hawaii was first annexed without statehood. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation The Republic of Texas was a sovereign Nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the )

Mixed Unions

The unification of Italy involved a mixture of unions. The kingdom consolidated around the Kingdom of Sardinia. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Several states voluntarily united with Sardina to create the Kingdom of Italy. There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy. Others, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Papal States were conquered and annexed. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ( Regno delle Due Sicilie) commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the name of a Kingdom in Europe. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa

The unification of Germany was ultimately a confederal union, but it began in earnest by Prussia's annexation of numerous petty states in 1866.

Academic analysis

The political position of the United Kingdom is often discussed[3][4]; and former states like Serbia and Montenegro (2003-2006), the Soviet Union (1922-1991) and the United Arab Republic (1958-1961). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The United Arab Republic ( الجمهورية العربية المتحدة al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah / al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah

Lord Durham was widely regarded as one of the most important thinkers in the history of the British Empire's constitutional evolution. John George Lambton 1st Earl of Durham (also known as Radical Jack, and commonly referred to in history texts simply as Lord Durham) GCB PC The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. He articulated clearly the difference between a full legislative union and a federation. A federation ( Latin: foedus, covenant is a union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central ("federal" In his 1839 Report, in discussing the proposed union of Upper and Lower Canada, he says:

Two kinds of union have been proposed – federal and legislative. The Report on the Affairs of British North America, commonly known as Lord Durham's Report, is an important document in the history of Quebec, Canada Upper Canada and Lower Canada, collectively referred to as the Canadas, were two British colonies in Canada. By the first, the separate legislature of each province would be preserved in its present form and retain almost all its present attributes of internal legislation, the federal legislature exercising no power save in those matters which may have been expressly ceded to it by the constituent provinces. A legislative union would imply a complete incorporation of the provinces included in it under one legislature, exercising universal and sole legislative authority over all of them in exactly the same manner as the Parliament legislates alone for the whole of the British Isles. [5]


References

  1. ^ This is often seen as a federal union but is closer to an incorporating union as the four colonies were dissolved, their territories becoming provinces in a unitary state without any recognition as fixed constitutional entities
  2. ^ ". . . that no Alteration be made in Laws which concern private Right, except for evident Utility of the Subjects within Scotland" - Article XVIII of the Treaty of Union
  3. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica: "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political union of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of "
  4. ^ A Disunited Kingdom? - England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, 1800-1949, Christine Kinealy, University of Central Lancashire, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN-13: 9780521598446: ". The University of Central Lancashire (or UCLan) is a University based in Preston, UK, which until January 2007 had additional Campuses Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 . . explaining how the United Kingdom has evolved, the author explores a number of key themes including: the steps to political union, . . . "
  5. ^ Marianopolis College:

See also

This article about politics is a stub. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping A confederation is a group of empowered states or communities usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution A federation ( Latin: foedus, covenant is a union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central ("federal" Real union is a union of two or more States which share some state Institutions however they are not as unified as states in a Political union Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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