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Political repression is the persecution of an individual or group for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing their ability to take part in the political life of society. Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual/group by another group Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Political repression may be represented by discriminatory policies, human rights violation, surveillance abuse, police brutality, imprisonment, involuntary settlement, stripping of citizen's rights, and violent action such as the murder, summary executions, torture, forced disappearance and other extrajudicial punishment of political activists, dissidents, or general population. Unlike most discrimination policies discrimination between, which is the discernment of qualities and recognition of the differences focused here discrimination against is Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Surveillance abuse is the use of Surveillance methods or technology to monitor the activity of an individual or group of individuals in a way which violates the social norms Police brutality is the world wide use of excessive force usually physical but potentially also in the form verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Forced settlements in the Soviet Union took several forms Though the most notorious was the Gulag Labor camp system of Penal labor, resettling of entire A lishenets ( Russian: лишенец from Russian word лишение "deprivation" properly translated in this context as a disenfranchised, was a person A summary execution is a type of Extrajudicial punishment in which a person is killed on the spot without Trial. Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally A forced disappearance occurs when an organization forces a person to vanish from Public view either by Murder or by simple Sequestration. Extrajudicial punishment is Punishment by the state or some other official authority without the permission of a Court or legal authority Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change A dissident, broadly defined is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine policy or institution

Where political repression is sanctioned and organised by the state, it may constitute state terrorism, genocide, politicide or crimes against humanity. State terrorism refers to acts of Terrorism conducted by governments Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group In Public international law, a crime against humanity is an act of Persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people and is the highest level of Systemic and violent political repression is a typical feature of dictatorships, totalitarian states and similar regimes. A dictatorship is usually defined as an autocratic Form of government in which the Government is ruled by a Dictator. Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a concept used to describe Political systems where a State regulates nearly every aspect of public and private In such regimes, acts of political repression may be carried out by secret police forces, army, paramilitary groups or death squads. Secret police (sometimes political police) are a Police agency which operates in Secrecy to maintain National security against internal A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status A death squad is an armed Squad that kills civilians terrorists or guerillas Relevant activities have also been found within democratic contexts as well.

If political repression is not carried out with the approval of the state, a section of government may still be responsible. An example is the FBI COINTELPRO operations in the United States between 1956 and 1971. COINTELPRO (an acronym for Co unter Intel ligence Pro gram was a series of covert and often illegal projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

In some states, such as the former Soviet Union, "repression" can be an official term and official legal policy of repression with respect to internal political opponents of the state. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code was put in force on February 25, 1927 to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities

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Data on Human Rights Violation and State Repression

There are currently a wide variety of databases available which attempt to measure, in a rigorous fashion exactly what governments do against those within their territorial jurisdiction. The list below was created and maintained by Prof. Christian Davenport at the University of Maryland. These efforts vary with regard to the particular form of human rights violation they are concerned with, the source employed for the data collection as well as the spatial and temporal domain of interest.

Global Coverage

Regional Coverage

Selective Coverage of State Repression

Country Coverage of State Repression

See also

Further reading

Articles

Books

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