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For complete list, see List of political parties in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Politics of the United States takes place in the framework of a presidential, Federal republic where the President of the United States (the Head of The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Taxation in the United States is a complex system which may involve payment to at least four different levels of government and many methods of taxation The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer&mdashor speaker &mdashof the United States House of Representatives. Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus. This is a complete list of congressional districts for representation in the United States House of Representatives. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The President pro tempore of the Senate is the second-highest-ranking official of the United States Senate and the highest-ranking senator The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders (also called Senate Floor Leaders) are two United States Senators who are elected by the party conferences The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death The United States Cabinet (usually simplified as "the Cabinet" is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the Executive branch of the Federal government This is an incomplete list of United States federal agencies. The United States federal courts are the system of Courts organized under the Constitution and laws of the Federal government of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The United States courts of appeals (or circuit courts) are the intermediate appellate courts The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. The United States has a federal government, with elected officials at federal (national state and local level Elections for President and Vice President of the United States are The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. See also Third party (United States presidential candidates 2008 The term third party is used in the United States for a political party other than one State governments in the United States (sometimes referred to as "The State" is generally structured in accordance with the laws of the various individual states The following is a list of incumbent United States Governors. In the United States of America, a state legislature is a generic term referring to the legislative body of any of the country's 50 states. Each State in the United States has a Legislative branch as part of its form of civil government In the United States, a state court has Jurisdiction over disputes with some connection to a U Local government in the United States is generally structured in accordance with the laws of the various individual states. Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent This list of Political parties in the United States contains past and present political parties in the United States.

This article presents the main political parties in United States politics. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Politics of the United States takes place in the framework of a presidential, Federal republic where the President of the United States (the Head of

Contents

Parties in presidential contention

Each of five parties shares a degree of national attention by attaining the mathematical possibility of its nominee becoming President of the United States -- i. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by e. , having ballot status for its presidential candidate in states whose collective total is at least half of the Electoral-College votes -- in either the most recent presidential election, in 2004, or the next one, in 2008:

Party Name 2004 Electoral Votes 2004 Popular Votes (Millions) Recent Presidential Wins Date Founded Founder(s) Current Party Chair(s)
  Republican Party 286 62 2004, 2000, 1988, 1984, 1980 1854 Alvan E. Bovay/Abraham Lincoln Mike Duncan
  Democratic Party 251 59 1996, 1992 1792 (historic)/1828 (modern) Thomas Jefferson/Andrew Jackson Howard Dean
  Libertarian Party 0 0. Ballot access rules called nomination rules outside the US, regulate the conditions under which a candidate or Political party is either entitled to stand for election The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Major Alvan Earle Bovay ( 1818 - January 13, 1903) was a founder of the United States Republican Party. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Robert M ("Mike" Duncan is the current chair of the Republican National Committee. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence Andrew Jackson (March 15 1767 June 8 1845 was the seventh President of the United States (1829&ndash1837 Howard Brush Dean III, (born November 17 1948 is an American The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 47 -- 1971 David Nolan Bill Redpath
  Constitution Party 0 0. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Bill Redpath is the chairman of the United States Libertarian Party, first elected by delegates to the 2006 Libertarian National Convention in Portland The Constitution Party is a Conservative United States political party. 14 -- 1992 Howard Phillips Jim Clymer
  Green Party 0 0. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Howard Phillips (born February 6 1941 has served as the Chairman of The Conservative Caucus, a Conservative public policy advocacy group since 1974 James N Clymer is the current party chairman of the United States Constitution Party. One of the Political parties in the United States, and similar in mission to many of the worldwide Green Parties, the Greens have been active as a third party 12 -- 1984/ 2001 Howie Hawkins, John Rensenbrink, et al 7 Co-chairs

Democratic Party

Main article: Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Howie Hawkins (born 1952 is an American politician and activist running for US Congress in New York's 25th congressional district. The Green Committees of Correspondence (CoC were founded in the summer of 1984 with the purpose of organizing local Green groups providing a clearinghouse and newsletter and working One of the Political parties in the United States, and similar in mission to many of the worldwide Green Parties, the Greens have been active as a third party The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. It is the oldest political party in the United States and arguably the oldest in the world. [1][2]

The Democratic Party traces its origins to the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding The Federalist Party (or Federal Party) was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816 with remnants lasting into the 1820s Since the division of the Republican Party in the election of 1912, it has consistently positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party in economic as well as social matters. The United States presidential election of 1912 was fought among three major candidates two of whom had previously won election to the office The economically left-leaning activist philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced American liberalism, has shaped much of the party's economic agenda since 1932. Liberalism in the United States is a broad political and philosophical mindset favoring individual Liberty, and opposing restrictions on liberty whether they come from The United States presidential election of 1932 took place as the effects of the 1929 Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression were being felt intensely across the country Roosevelt's New Deal coalition usually controlled the national government until the 1970s. The New Deal coalition was the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932

In 2004, it was the largest political party, with 72 million voters (42. 6% of 169 million registered) claiming affiliation. [3] Since the 2006 midterm elections, the Democratic Party is the majority party for the 110th Congress; the party holds an outright majority in the House of Representatives and the Democratic caucus (including two independents) constitutes a majority in the United States Senate. The 2006 United States midterm elections were held on Tuesday November 7 2006. A two-party system is a form of Party system where two major Political parties dominate voting in nearly all Elections at every The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The Senate Democratic Caucus (or Conference) is the formal organization of the current 49 Democratic Senators in the United States Senate. In Politics, an independent is a Politician who is not Affiliated with any Political party. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Democrats also hold a majority of state governorships and control a plurality of state legislatures. The following is a list of incumbent United States Governors. Each State in the United States has a Legislative branch as part of its form of civil government The party's presumptive nominee for President of the United States in the upcoming 2008 election is Senator Barack Obama of Illinois. In Politics, the presumptive nominee is a political Candidate who is all but assured of his or her party's Nomination, but has not yet been formally nominated The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union.

Republican Party

Main article: Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. This article presents the main political parties in United States politics. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. It is often referred to as the Grand Old Party or the GOP.

Founded in 1854 by anti-slavery expansion activists and modernizers, the Republican Party rose to prominence with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The party presided over the American Civil War and Reconstruction and was harried by internal factions and scandals toward the end of the 19th century. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Today, the Republican Party supports a conservative platform (as far as American politics are concerned), with further foundations in economic liberalism, fiscal conservatism, and social conservatism. Economic liberalism is the Economic component of Classical liberalism. Fiscal conservatism (also known as economic conservatism is a political phrase term used in North America to describe advocacy of lower governmental spending practices and a Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that affirms the government's role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors in the belief that these are what

The current U.S. President, George W. Bush, is the 19th Republican to hold that office. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Republicans currently fill a minority of seats in both the United States Senate and the House of Representatives, hold a minority of state governorships, and control a minority of state legislatures. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The following is a list of incumbent United States Governors. Each State in the United States has a Legislative branch as part of its form of civil government The party's presumptive nominee for President of the United States in the upcoming 2008 election is Senator John McCain of Arizona. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is currently the second largest party with 55 million registered members, encompassing roughly one third of the electorate. [3]

Green Party

Main article: Green Party (United States)

In the United States, the Green Party has been active as a third party since the 1980s. One of the Political parties in the United States, and similar in mission to many of the worldwide Green Parties, the Greens have been active as a third party The United States of America —commonly referred to as the See also Third party (United States presidential candidates 2008 The term third party is used in the United States for a political party other than one The party first gained widespread public attention during Ralph Nader's presidential runs in 1996 and 2000. Ralph Nader (born February 27 1934 is an American Attorney, Author, Lecturer, political activist, and independent candidate for President The United States presidential election of 1996 was a contest between the Democratic national ticket of President Bill Clinton of Arkansas and Vice The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Democratic candidate Al Gore, then Vice President, and Republican Currently, the primary national Green Party organization in the U. S. is the Green Party of the United States, which has eclipsed the earlier Greens/Green Party USA. In the United States, people speak generally of the "Green Party" but there is actually more than one national-level Green political organization in the United States There are Green Parties in many nations, with total membership being about a million people. A Green party' or ecologist party is a formally organized Political party based on the principles of Green politics.

The Green Party in the United States has won elected office mostly at the local level; most winners of public office in the United States who are considered Greens have won nonpartisan-ballot elections (that is, the winning Greens won offices in elections in which candidates were not identified on the ballot as affiliated with any political party). Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. In Political science, nonpartisan denotes an Election, event or organization in which the participants declare or do not formally have a Political party A ballot is a device (originally a small ball—see blackball) used to record choices made by Voters Each voter uses one ballot and ballots are not [4] In 2005, the Party had 305,000 registered members in states that allow party registration, as well as tens of thousands of members and contributors in the rest of the country. [5] During the 2006 elections the party had ballot access in 31 states. Ballot access rules called nomination rules outside the US, regulate the conditions under which a candidate or Political party is either entitled to stand for election [6]

Greens emphasize environmentalism, non-hierarchical participatory democracy, social justice, respect for diversity, peace and nonviolence. Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. @@@ main@@@ - title Hierarchy@@@ keywords structure; sociology; information@@@ review@@@ - Participatory democracy is a process emphasizing the broad Participation (decision making of constituents in the direction and operation of political systems Social justice, sometimes called civil justice, refers to the concept of a Society in which Justice is achieved in every aspect of society rather than In the political arena the term diversity (or diverse is used to describe political entities (neighborhoods cities nations student bodies etc Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. Nonviolence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of physical Violence.

Libertarian Party

Main article: Libertarian Party (United States)

The Libertarian Party is an American political party founded on December 11, 1971. The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. [7] It is one of the largest continuing Third parties in the United States, claiming more than 200,000 registered voters and more than 600 people in public office,[8] including mayors, county executives, county-council members, school-board members and other local officials. See also Third party (United States presidential candidates 2008 The term third party is used in the United States for a political party other than one A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government It has more people in office than all other third parties combined. [8]

The political platform of the Libertarian Party reflects that group's particular brand of libertarianism, favoring minimally regulated, laissez-faire markets, strong civil liberties, minimally regulated migration across borders, and non-interventionism in foreign policy that respects freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries. A party platform, also known as a Manifesto, is a list of the principles which a Political party supports in order to appeal to the general public for the purpose Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Laissez-faire ( pronunciation: French,; English,) is a French phrase literally meaning Let do (“allow to do” thumb| |Broken Liberty Istanbul Archaeology Museum Civil liberties are freedoms that protect the Individual from the Government. Free migration or open immigration is the position that people should be able to migrate to whatever country they choose free of substantial barriers Nonintervention or non-interventionism is a foreign policy which holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations and avoid all wars not related to direct Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions

On May 25, 2008 former four term Congressman, Bob Barr, was nominated as the presidential nominee of the Libertarian Party.

Constitution Party

Main article: Constitution Party (United States)

The Constitution Party is a conservative United States political party. The Constitution Party is a Conservative United States political party. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined This article presents the main political parties in United States politics. It was founded as the U. S. Taxpayers Party in 1992. The party's official name was changed to the Constitution Party in 1999; however, some state affiliate parties are known under different names.

According to ballot access expert Richard Winger, the editor of Ballot Access News, who periodically compiles and analyzes voter registration statistics as reported by state voter agencies, it ranks third nationally amongst all United States political parties in registered voters, with 366,937 registered members as of November 2006. Richard Lee Winger (born August 27, 1943) has been for the last forty years the leading advocate in the United States for minor political parties Ballot Access News is a monthly Newsletter edited and published by Richard Winger of San Francisco California. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral [9]

The Constitution Party advocates a platform that purports to reflect the Founding Fathers' original intent of the U.S. Constitution, principles found in the U.S. Declaration of Independence, and morals taken from the Bible. The Founding Fathers of the United States are the Political leaders who signed the Declaration of Independence or otherwise participated in the The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin [10].

In 2006, Rick Jore of Montana became the first Constitution Party candidate elected to a state-level office[11][12], though the Constitution Party of Montana had disaffiliated itself from the national party a short time before the election. Rick Jore, a Montana politician and businessman is a member of the Montana House of Representatives and chairman of the education committee Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern

On April 26, 2008, Chuck Baldwin was elected to be the Constitution Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election. Charles "Chuck" Baldwin (born May 3 1952 is a Pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church in Pensacola, Florida, and 2008 presidential

Politics comparison

Comparison of politics of United States parties in presidential contention
Issue Green Party Democratic Party Libertarian Party Republican Party Constitution Party
Main ideologies
Political spectrum Left-Right Left-wing Center-left (rejects left-right political spectrum) Center-right Right-wing
Communitarianism vs. One of the Political parties in the United States, and similar in mission to many of the worldwide Green Parties, the Greens have been active as a third party The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 The Constitution Party is a Conservative United States political party. Green politics is a Political ideology which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals and on achieving these goals through broad-based Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. Modern liberalism in the United States, also referred to as American liberalism, is a political ideology that seeks to use the power of the state to effect change upon society In US history the term Progressivism refers to a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century Social liberalism, also called new liberalism (as it was originally termed high liberalism radical liberalism, modern liberalism, or Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism Fiscal conservatism (also known as economic conservatism is a political phrase term used in North America to describe advocacy of lower governmental spending practices and a Economic liberalism is the Economic component of Classical liberalism. Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that affirms the government's role in encouraging or enforcing traditional values or behaviors in the belief that these are what Liberal conservatism is a variant of Conservatism which combines conservative and liberal values and positions Paleoconservatism (sometimes shortened to paleo or paleocon when the context is clear is a term for an anti-communist and Anti-authoritarian Paleoconservatism (sometimes shortened to paleo or paleocon when the context is clear is a term for an anti-communist and Anti-authoritarian A political spectrum (plural Spectra) is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes Left-right politics or the Left-right political spectrum is a common way of classifying political positions political ideologies, or political parties The centre-left (or center-left) is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think The centre-right is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think tanks whose views In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities Communitarianism, as a group of related but distinct philosophies began in the late 20th century opposing in its opinion exalted forms of Individualism while advocating phenomena Individualism
Economic Issues		 Communitarian Communitarian Individualist Individualist Individualist
Communitarianism vs. Communitarianism, as a group of related but distinct philosophies began in the late 20th century opposing in its opinion exalted forms of Individualism while advocating phenomena Individualism
Cultural Issues		 Individualist Individualist Individualist Communitarian Communitarian
Pacifism vs. Militarianism Pacifism Mixed Non-interventionist More militarianist Non-interventionist[14][15]
Free trade vs. A political spectrum (plural Spectra) is a way of modeling different political positions by placing them upon one or more geometric axes Nonintervention or non-interventionism is a foreign policy which holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations and avoid all wars not related to direct Nonintervention or non-interventionism is a foreign policy which holds that political rulers should avoid alliances with other nations and avoid all wars not related to direct Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions Fair trade Fair trade Mixed Free trade Free trade Semi-protectionist[16]
Progressivism vs. Fair trade is an organized Social movement and market-based approach to empowering developing country producers and promoting sustainability For the protectionist Australian political party from the 1880s to 1909 see Protectionist Party Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. Conservativism Progressivism Progressivism Liberalism Conservativism Conservativism
Specific issues Legal Abortion Strongly Favor Favor [17] Mixed, historically favor Oppose [18] Strongly Oppose[19]
Same-sex marriage Strongly Favor Mixed Favor Oppose[20] Strongly Oppose[21]
Universal healthcare Favor Mixed[22] Strongly oppose More opposed Oppose[23]
Increased taxation Favor Favor Strongly Oppose More opposed Oppose[24]
Illegal immigration Amnesty Amnesty and guest workers Guest workers Guest workers, support for amnesty mixed Oppose amnesty and guest workers[25]
Continue Iraq war Strongly Oppose[26] Oppose Strongly Oppose[27] Support Strongly Oppose[28]
Capital punishment Oppose Mixed Oppose Favor [29] Strongly Favor [30]
Drug legalization Favor Mixed Strongly Favor [31] Oppose States' rights
Gun control Favor More favorable [32] Strongly Oppose More opposed [32] Oppose[33]
School prayer Strongly Oppose Oppose Mixed Favor Strongly Favor
School choice Favor Strongly Favor[34]

Other parties

Main article: List of political parties in the United States

There is a vast number of other political parties, both historically as well as in the present. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal An Same-sex marriage, also referred to as gay marriage, is a Marriage between two persons of the same sex Universal health care is health care coverage which is extended to all eligible residents of a governmental region Illegal immigration refers to Immigration across National Borders in a way that violates the Immigration laws of the destination Country The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Capital punishment of a Felon in the United States, in modern times is employed and in practice only in cases involving murder The drug policy of the United States is well represented by the declaration of a War on Drugs by President Richard Nixon in June 1971 Gun politics in the United States, incorporating the political aspects of Gun politics, and firearms rights has long been among the most controversial and intractable issues School prayer in its most common usage refers to state sanctioned Prayer by students in state Schools. School choice is a term used to describe a wide array of programs aimed at giving families the opportunity to choose the school their children will attend This list of Political parties in the United States contains past and present political parties in the United States.

See also

References

  1. ^ Witcover, Jules (2003). The following table shows all the US states and to what party ( Democratic or Republican) their state governors belong A party system is a concept in comparative Political science concerning the system of government by political parties. A two-party system is a form of Party system where two major Political parties dominate voting in nearly all Elections at every "1", Party of the People: A History of the Democrats, 3.   "The Democratic Party of the United States, the oldest existing in the world, was in a sense an illegitimate child, unwanted by the founding fathers of the American Republic. "
  2. ^ Democratic Party, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Accessed August 21, 2007. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [1]
  3. ^ a b Neuhart, P. (22 January, 2004). Why politics is fun from catbirds' seats. USA Today'.. Retrieved on 2007-07-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
  4. ^ Green elected officials
  5. ^ "Green Party Ballot Status and Voter Registration Totals (United States)". Greens. org. Retrieved April 12, 2006.
  6. ^ "Greens Win Ballot Access in 31 States, Up From 17 in January". Green Party press release, September 5, 2006.
  7. ^ Libertarian Party:Our History, LP. org
  8. ^ a b "Frequently asked questions about the Libertarian Party", Official Website of the Libertarian National Committee. Retrieved on July 25, 2006. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^ NOVEMBER 2006 REGISTRATION TOTALS
  10. ^ http://constitutionparty.com/party_platform.php "Constitution Party Preamble"
  11. ^ "State Legislature results", Missoulian, November 8, 2006, retrieved November 8, 2006
  12. ^ Control of state Legislature unclear, Helena Independent Record
  13. ^ Economist Intelligence Unit. (July 11, 2007). Political Forces. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-02-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor
  14. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Defense).
  15. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Foreign Policy).
  16. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Tariffs and Trade).
  17. ^ Pew Research Center. (10 May, 2005). Beyond Red vs. Blue.. Retrieved on 2007-07-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre.
  18. ^ 2004 Republican Party Platform: on Abortion. United States Republican Party (2004). Retrieved on 2007-02-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the
  19. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Sanctity of Life). Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  20. ^ Republican Party 2004 Platform.
  21. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Family). Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  22. ^ Medicare for AllPDF. Retrieved on 2007-01-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  23. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Health Care and Government). Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  24. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Taxes). Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  25. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Immigration). Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  26. ^ gp.org - Global Greens Action Proposal - April, 2003
  27. ^ Current Issues. Retrieved on 2008-05-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  28. ^ Bush to Lawmakers on Iraq: Do You Have a Better Idea? Constitution Party: Yes!. Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  29. ^ stopcapitalpunishment.org: Absolutely, Positively for Capital Punishment By DAVID FIRESTONE
  30. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Crime). Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  31. ^ faqs.org - Libertarian FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
  32. ^ a b Spitzer, Robert J. : "The Politics of Gun Control", Page 16. Chatham House Publishers, Inc. , 1995.
  33. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Gun Control). Retrieved on 2008-03-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6.
  34. ^ Constitution Party Platform (Education). Retrieved on 2008-05-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed
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