| Polish American |
|---|
     _(cropped).jpeg/54px-Jane_Krakowski_(2005)_(cropped).jpeg)   Kazimierz Pułaski • Warner Brothers • Martha Stewart Karol Bobko • Wachowski brothers Jane Krakowski • Dan Marino • Steve Wozniak |
| Total population |
|
10,000,000 |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Northeast, Midwest |
| Languages |
| American English, Polish |
| Religions |
| Predominantly Roman Catholic with Protestant, Eastern Orthodox and other minorities |
A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent. For things named to honor Kazimierz Pułaski see Pulaski. Kazimierz Pułaski of Clan Ślepowron ( often written Casimir Pulaski Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and Martha Stewart (born Martha Helen Kostyra; August 3, 1941) is an American Business magnate, Television host, author Karol Joseph "Bo" Bobko is a retired United States Air Force officer and a former USAF and NASA Astronaut. Biography Andy and Larry Wachowski were born to a Polish-American family in Chicago. Jane Krakowski (born October 11, 1968) is an American actress and Singer. Daniel Constantine Marino Jr (born September 15, 1961 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania) is a Polish - Italian American Hall of The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent.
More than one million Poles immigrated to the United States, primarily during the late 19th and early 20th century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Exact immigration numbers are unknown because, due to the partitions of Poland, the Polish state did not exist at a time when the precursor to the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service classified immigrants according to country of origin rather than to ethnicity. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service ( INS) was a part of the United States Department of Justice and handled legal and illegal Immigration In particular, the three partitions gave rise to the terms Russian, German, and Austrian Poles, Polish Germans, respectively, as seen in the context of Polish immigration to the United States. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish minority in Germany, or the Polish community in Germany, is the second largest Polonia in the world and the biggest in Europe numbering about 2 According the United States 2000 Census, 667,414 Americans of age 5 years and older reported Polish as the language spoken at home, which is about 1. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. 4% of people who speak languages other than English, or 0. 25% of the U. S. population.
History
The first Polish immigrants arrived in America in 1608 at Jamestown, Virginia. Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 In 1770 Jacob Sadowski settled in New York, and his sons were among the first white men to penetrate as far as Kentucky. It is said that Sandusky, Ohio, was named after him. Sandusky is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Erie County. [1]
As Poland lost its independence at the end of the 18th century through the three partitions, Polish patriots, among them Kazimierz Pułaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko, left for America to fight for American Independence. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the For things named to honor Kazimierz Pułaski see Pulaski. Kazimierz Pułaski of Clan Ślepowron ( often written Casimir Pulaski Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (; 1746 &ndash 1817 was a Polish and American national hero and general In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots"
The largest wave of Polish immigration to America occurred in the early 20th century. Officially, more than 1. 5 million Polish immigrants were processed at Ellis Island between 1899 and 1931. Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor In addition, many Polish immigrants arrived at the port of Baltimore. Estimating the actual number of Polish immigrants is complicated by Poland's history of frequent division among neighboring countries. In the early 21st century, Poland ranks 10th as a source of illegal immigrants to the U. S. , with an estimated 70,000 having arrived there. [2]
Between 1870 and 1914, more than 3. 6 million people departed Polish territories (of whom 2. 6 arrived in the U. S. ). [3] Serfdom was abolished in Prussia in 1808, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1848 and Czarist Russia in 1861. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya In the late 19th century the beginnings of industrialization and commercial agriculture, and a population boom that exhausted available land, transformed Polish peasant-farmers, once considered an immovable fixture of the land, into migrant-laborers. Pressures of industrialization drove them to emigrate.
Initially, Polish emigrants came mainly from the German section of the partition, where they were targeted by Bismarck’s anti-Catholic Kulturkampf. Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898) Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". The German term (literally "culture struggle" refers to German policies in relation to Secularity and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, enacted After 1900, German Poles were outnumbered by immigrants from Austrian and Russian Poland.
The Russian section of the partition, Congress Poland, also was undergoing considerable industrialization, particularly the textile capital of Łódź (the Manchester of Imperial Russia), and the iron-foundries of Piotrków. Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Łódź is Poland 's third largest city with population of 753192 in 2007 (lost its second rank to Krakow in 2007 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Piotrków Trybunalski {{IPA-pl|t|r|y|b|u|'|n|a|l|s|k|i}} (also known by alternative names) is a City in central Poland with 80738 inhabitants (2005 The decline of these areas after the Russo-Japanese War and the 1905 Revolution, led to a mass exodus of laborers, first to Germany, Denmark, and France, and, eventually, to the U.S., Canada, Brazil and Argentina. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September See also Russian Revolution (1917 The 1905 Russian Revolution also known as the Failed Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide struggle of Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. At its peak, in 1912-13, annual emigration to the U. S. from the Polish provinces of the Russian Empire exceeded 112,345 (including large numbers of Jews, Lithuanians, and Byelorussians). The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Lithuanians are the Baltic Ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also
In the Polish provinces of Austrian Galicia, chiefly rural but with laborers in the mines and factories of Bohemia, Silesia, Moravia and Lower Austria, land shortages, crop failures and the loosening of travel restrictions led to another exodus, mainly to Germany, Austria proper, France and the United States. Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Moravia (Morava; Morawy Moravie Moravia is a historical region in central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, one of the former Czech lands. Lower Austria (Niederösterreich is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [4] The 1910 US census recorded more than 900,000 new immigrants who spoke Polish. [5]
According to the United States 2000 Census, 667,414 Americans of age 5 years and older reported Polish as the language spoken at home, which is about 1. 4% of people who speak languages other than English, or 0. 25% of the U. S. population.
Occupations
Lopata (1976) argues that Poles differed from most ethnics in America in several ways. First, they did not plan to remain permanently and become "Americanized. " Instead they came temporarily to earn money, invest in property, and wait for the right opportunity to return to Poland. Their intention was to buy land there to ensure them of a desirable social status within the familiar world of a limited reference group. The coming of World War I in 1914 made return almost impossible. By the end of the war when travel became possible again, many of the temporary migrants had decided to become permanent Americans. After Poland regained independence in 1918 and was building a strong country again, many Poles tried to return. Since all the ills of life in Poland could be blamed on foreign occupation, the immigrants did not resent the Polish upper classes as much as the immigrants of other European countries detested the top layers of their home countries. Their relation with the mother country was, in fact, unique. It strongly influenced Polonia's life.
Official estimates were that 30% of the emigrants from the Russian provinces of Poland-Lithuania returned home. The return rate for non-Jews was closer to 50-60%. More than two-thirds of emigrants from Austrian Galicia to the U. S. returned. [6] Russian and Austrian Poles came from areas oriented to a feudal society, where classless Jews performed the essential middle roles of artisans, merchants and moneylenders.
American employers considered Polish immigrants better suited than Italians for arduous manual labor in coal-mines, slaughterhouses, and steel mills, particularly in the primary stages of steel manufacture. Consequently, Polish migrants were recruited for work in the coal mines of Pennsylvania and the heavy industries (steel mills, iron foundries, slaughterhouses, oil and sugar refineries) of the Great Lakes cities of Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Buffalo, Milwaukee, and Cleveland. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state
.jpg/220px-Gateway_Theatre_(Chicago).jpg)
Polish communities as part of urban America
One of the most notable of the Polish American communities is in Chicago, Illinois, and its surrounding suburbs. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. The Almanac of American Politics 2004 states that "Even today, in Archer Heights (a neighborhood of Chicago), you can scarcely go a block without hearing someone speaking Polish" It is widely believed that Boothwyn, Pennsylvania is one of he largest growing Polish communities in the United States. The Almanac of American Politics is a Reference work published biennially by the National Journal Group.
There are about 10 million Americans of Polish descent. Chicago bills itself as the largest Polish city outside of Poland, with approximately 185,000 Polish speakers. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. [7]. Chicago's Polish presence is demonstrated by the numerous Polish-American organizations: Polish Museum of America, the Polish American Association, the Polish National Alliance and the Polish Highlander's Alliance of North America. Poles in Chicago, also known as Chicago Polonia, refers to both immigrant Poles and Americans of Polish heritage living in Chicago, Illinois The Polish Museum of America is located in West Town, in what had been the historical Polish Downtown neighborhood of Chicago. The Polish American Association (PAA is Chicago ’s only Non-profit Human services agency that serves the diverse needs of the Polish immigrant community The Polish National Alliance ( pol Związek Narodowy Polski) is the largest and one of the oldest Polish fraternal organizations in the United States, founded The Polish Highlanders Alliance of America ( pl Związek Podhalan w Ameryce Północnej) was founded in 1929 in Chicago as an organization that unites all In Illinois more than one million people are of Polish descent, the third largest ethnic group after Germans and Irish. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union.
Chicago's Polish Community is concentrated along the city's Northwest and Southwest Sides along Milwaukee and Archer avenues, respectively. Poles in Chicago, also known as Chicago Polonia, refers to both immigrant Poles and Americans of Polish heritage living in Chicago, Illinois The neighborhoods of Chicago are less well-defined than Chicago 's 77 Community Areas. Milwaukee Avenue is a major diagonal street in the city of Chicago. Archer Avenue (formerly Archer Road) in Chicago, Illinois is a diagonal street running southwest between the area south of the Chicago Loop and Chicago's Taste of Polonia festival is celebrated at the Copernicus Foundation in Jefferson Park every Labor Day weekend. The Taste of Polonia is a Chicago festival held at the Copernicus Cultural and Civic Center in the Jefferson Park community area of Chicago The Copernicus Foundation (Fundacja Kopernikowska is a 501(c(3 Not for profit organization based in the Jefferson Park area of Chicago, Illinois History Settlement in the vicinity of Jefferson Park began in the 1830s with John Kinzie Clark and Elijah Wentworth whose claim was near what is now the Jefferson Labor Day is a United States Federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September Nearly 3 million people of polish descent live in the area between Chicago and Detroit.
Further north along Lake Michigan's coast, Milwaukee's Polish population has always been overshadowed by the city's more prominent German inhabitants. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Nevertheless the city's once numerous Polish community built a number of magnificent Polish Cathedrals among them the magnificent St. Josaphat Basilica and St. Stanislaus. The Polish Cathedral style of North-American Catholic church is a genre of Church architecture found throughout the Great Lakes and Middle Atlantic The Basilica of St Josaphat, located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the Archdiocese of Milwaukee, is one of 56 Minor basilicas found in the Saint Stanisław Szczepanowski or Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów (July 26 1030 &ndash April 11? 1079 was a Bishop of Kraków known chiefly for having been The city is also home to Polish Fest, the largest Polish festival in the United States, where Polish Americans from all over Wisconsin and nearby Chicago come to celebrate Polish Culture through music, food and entertainment. Polish Fest is an annual ethnic festival held at the Henry Maier Festival Park in Milwaukee Wisconsin. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Culture of Poland is closely connected with its intricate 1000 year history. [8]
Michigan's Polish population of more than 850,000 is third behind that of New York and Illinois. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Polish Americans make up 8. 6% of Michigan's total population. The city of Detroit had a very large Polish community, which historically settled in Poletown and Hamtramck. Poletown is a section of Detroit Michigan bordering the enclave city of Hamtramck Michigan. Hamtramck (hæmˈtɹæmɪk is a city in Wayne County of the U Poletown was cleared of residents to make way for the General Motors Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly plant. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly is a General Motors Automobile factory straddling the border between Detroit and Hamtramck Michigan. Much of Hamtramck's Polish population moved on to suburbs and have been replaced by Arab American and African American citizens.
The Polish influence is still felt throughout the entire Metro Detroit area, especially the suburb of Wyandotte, which is slowly emerging as the major center of Polish American activities in the state. The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Wyandotte is a city in Wayne County in the US state of Michigan. An increase in new immigration from Poland is helping to bolster the parish community of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and a host of Polish American civic organizations located within the city of Wyandotte. The northern suburb of Orchard Lake is also home to the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame, which includes greats such as Stan Musial and Mike Krzyzewski. Orchard Lake Village is a small exclusive suburb of Metro Detroit located in Oakland County in the U Stanley Frank Musial (born November 21, 1920) originally Stanisław Franciszek Musiał, (ˈmjuːziəl nicknamed "Stan the Man" and Michael William Krzyzewski ( Polish: Krzyżewski /kʂɨˈʐɛ(fski/ in American English pronounced "Sha- chef -skee" born February
The city of Cleveland, Ohio has a large Polish community, especially in historic Slavic Village as part of its Warszawa Section. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Slavic Village is a former predominantly Central and Eastern European Neighborhood in Cleveland Ohio. Poles from this part of Cleveland migrated to suburbs such as Garfield Heights, Parma, and Seven Hills. Garfield Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Parma is a City in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States and the largest Suburb of Cleveland. Seven Hills is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The more affluent of Cleveland's Polish community live in Brecksville, Independence, and Broadview Heights. Brecksville is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States, twenty miles south of the County seat of Cleveland. Independence is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, in the United States. Broadview Heights is a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. Many of these Poles return to their Polish roots by attending masses at St. Stanislaus Church on East 65th Street and Baxter Avenues. Poles in Cleveland celebrate the annual Harvest Festival, which is usually held at the end of August. It features polka music, Polish food, and all things Polish. The polka is a fast lively Central European Dance and also a genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas
Cleveland's other Polish section is in Tremont, located in Cleveland's west side. The home parish is St. John Cantius or St. John Kanty. They too host events in Cleveland for Polish celebrations.
Poles in Cleveland were instrumental in forming Third Federal Savings and Loan in 1938. Greenpoint is the northernmost Neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Little Poland is an informal name for part of a neighborhood in Greenpoint, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After seeing fellow Poles discriminated against by Cleveland's banks, Ben Stefanski formed Third Federal. Today the Stefanski family still controls the bank. Unlike Cleveland's Keybank and National City, which have their headquarters in Downtown Cleveland, Third Federal is on Broadway Avenue in the Slavic Village neighborhood. KeyBank ( is a Bank headquartered in the Key Tower in Cleveland, Ohio. Downtown Cleveland is the Central business district of the City of Cleveland and Northeast Ohio. Slavic Village is a former predominantly Central and Eastern European Neighborhood in Cleveland Ohio. Third Federal S & L is in the top 25 saving and loan institutions in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 2003, they acquired a Florida banking company and have branches in Florida and Ohio. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the
Other industrial cities with major Polish communities include Buffalo, a city whose Polish neighborhood dispersed into suburbs and became integrated; Philadelphia, Columbus, Boston, Baltimore, New Britain, Connecticut, Portland, Minneapolis,Los Angeles, Rochester, San Francisco and Pittsburgh. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Columbus is the Capital and the largest city of the US state of Ohio. New Britain is a city in Hartford County, Connecticut, US. It is located approximately 9 miles (14 km southwest of Hartford. Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York State, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Despite the lack of new large-scale Polish immigration, some cities are emerging with strong Polish American communities. South Bend, Indiana has a large Polish population for a mid-sized city. South Bend is a city on the St Joseph river and a twin city of Mishawaka Indiana. Milwaukee and Denver experienced major increases in their Polish populations during the last 10 years. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States There is also a tendency among Poles from Chicago and Greenpoint, Brooklyn to move to Florida. Greenpoint is the northernmost Neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the
Luzerne County in northeastern Pennsylvania is the only county in the United States where a plurality of residents state their ancestry as Polish. Luzerne County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania. See Maps of American ancestries. The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct This includes the cities of Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazelton, and Nanticoke. Wilkes-Barre (ˈwɪlksbɛrə or /-bɛri/ is the central city of the Wyoming Valley and County seat of Luzerne County in northeastern Pennsylvania Pittston is a City in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States, between Scranton and Wilkes-Barre. Many of the immigrants were drawn to this area because of the mining of Anthracite coal in the region. Anthracite ( Greek Ανθρακίτης literally "a type of coal" from Anthrax, coal is a hard compact variety of mineral Coal that has a high Polish influences are common today in the form of church bazaars, polka music, and polish foods. The polka is a fast lively Central European Dance and also a genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas Polish cuisine (kuchnia polska is a mixture of Slavic culinary traditions
Religion
Most immigrants to North America from the Polish lands who considered themselves Polish in ethnic or national orientation were Roman Catholic. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered These people were responsible for building the Polish Cathedrals found in the Great Lakes, New England, and Middle Atlantic regions of North America. The Polish Cathedral style of North-American Catholic church is a genre of Church architecture found throughout the Great Lakes and Middle Atlantic The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The Mid-Atlantic States (also called Middle Atlantic States or simply Mid Atlantic) form one of the nine geographic divisions within the United States that Poles in the Cleveland metropolitan area founded the following churches: St. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Stanislaus, St. John Kanty, Immaculate Heart of Mary, St. Hyacinth, St. Lawrence, Sacred Heart of Jesus, Our Lady of Czestochowa, St. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Timothy (Garfield Heights), Ss. Peter and Paul (Garfield Heights), St. Therese, St. Monica (Garfield Heights), as well as Marymount Hospital (Garfield Heights).
To assert their independence from the Irish-dominated American Catholic Church, a group of Roman Catholics of Polish descent broke away to form the Polish National Catholic Church, which is headquartered in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. The Polish National Catholic Church (PNCC is a Christian church founded and based in the United States by Polish-Americans who were Roman Catholic
A small group of Polish Muslims of Lipka Tatar origin from the Bialystok region helped cofound the first Muslim organization in Brooklyn, New York in 1907 and later a mosque which is still in use. The first noticeable presence of Islam in Poland began in the 14th century The Lipka Tatars (also known as Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, Lipkowie or Muślimi) are a group of Tatars living on the lands Białystok Lublin Voivodeship Białystok (also known by alternative names) is the largest City in northeastern Poland. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger [9]
Polish American culture
Cultural contributions of Polish Americans extend from Polish dance classes; Polish newspapers, like Dziennik Zwiazkowy in Chicago or Nowy Dziennik in New York; several TV stations like international TVP Polonia or Polsat 2 International; and culture groups like the White Eagle Lodge and Polish Falcons of America; to the wider appeal of Polish foods, such as kiełbasa (Polish sausage), babka, or pierogi. Dziennik Związkowy or Polish Daily News (literally Alliance Daily) is the largest and the oldest Polish language Newspaper in the United Nowy Dziennik ( IPA: 'ʥɛɲɲik Polish: The New Daily, as a reference to New York with an English subtitle Polish Daily News TVP Polonia (also known as TV Polonia or Telewizja Polonia) is the international channel of the Telewizja Polska (TVP Polsat 2 International is a general interest channel that launched on March 1 1997 and is owned by Polsat Group. The White Eagle Lodge is a United Kingdom -based spiritualist group founded by the medium Grace Cooke on February 22, 1936 The Polish Falcons of America is a Polish Fraternal organization founded in 1887 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, as the American Kielbasa comes from the Polish word kiełbasa for traditional Polish sausage. Babka, or Bobka, also known as baba, is a sweet pastry yeast cake Pierogi (also perogi, perogy, pirohi, piroghi, pirogi, pirogen, pierogy, pidahih,--> or Even in long-integrated communities, remnants of Polish culture and vocabulary remain. Roman Catholic churches established by Polish American communities often serve as a vehicle for cultural retention.
During the 1950s-1970s, the Polish wedding was often an all-day event. Traditional Polish weddings in Chicagoland, in areas such as the southeast side of Chicago, inner suburbs like Calumet City, and Hegewisch, and northwest Indiana suburbs such as Whiting, Hammond, and East Chicago, always occurred on Saturdays. The Chicago metropolitan area is the Metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago in the United States and its suburbs The receptions were typically held in a large hall, such as a VFW Hall. A polka band of drums, singer, accordion, and trumpet entertained the people as they danced traditional dances such as the oberek, "Polish Hop," and the waltz. Always an important part of Slavic culture, food played a very important role. The musicians as well as the guests were expected to enjoy ample amounts of both food and drink. Foods such as Polish sausage, sauerkraut, pierogi, and kluski were common foods. Common drinks were beer, screwdrivers, and highballs.
The Polish community was long the subject of anti-Polonism in America. The terms Polonophobia, anti-Polonism, antipolonism and anti-Polish sentiment refer to a spectrum of hostile attitudes toward Poles. Much of it was associated with a more generalized anti-Catholicism and early 20th century worries about being overrun by Eastern European immigrants in general. Anti-Catholicism is a generic term for Discrimination, hostility or Prejudice directed at the Roman Catholic Church or its followers Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. This has become less common recently.
Bibliography
- Anders-Silverman, Deborah. Polish-American Folklore. U of Illinois Press, 2000.
- Andrzej Brozek. Polish Americans, 1854-1939 (1985)
- John J. Bukowczyk. And My Children Did Not Know Me: A History of the Polish-Americans (1987)
- John J. Bukowczyk, ed. Polish Americans and Their History. U of Pittsburgh Press, 1996.
- William J. Galush. For More Than Bread: Community and Identity in American Polonia, 1880-1940, (East European Monographs, distributed by Columbia University Press; 313 pages; 2007). Explores competing versions of Polish identity in Polish-American communities during the period.
- Thomas S. Gladsky; Princes, Peasants and Other Polish Selves: Ethnicity in American Literature. (1992), ISBN 0870237756. online version
- David J. Jackson; "Just Another Day in a New Polonia: Contemporary Polish-American Polka Music. " Popular Music and Society. 26#4 (2003) pp: 529+. online version
- Helena Znaniecka Lopata; Polish Americans: Status Competition in an Ethnic Community (1976), ISBN 0136864368. online version
- Theresa Kurk Mcginley; "Embattled Polonia Polish-Americans and World War II. " East European Quarterly. 37#3 2003. pp: 325+. online version
- Karen Majewski. Traitors and True Poles: Narrating a Polish-American Identity, 1880-1939, (2003) - 248 pages
- Jacek Nowakowski. Polish-American Ways (1989)
- Pula, James S. Polish Americans: An Ethnic Community (1995)
- Pula, James S. "Image, Status, Mobility and Integration in American Society: The Polish Experience. " Journal of American Ethnic History 16 (1996): 74-95.
- Charles Sadler, "Pro-Soviet Polish Americans: Oskar Lange and Russia's Friends in the Polonia, 1941-1945," Polish Review 22, (1977), 4: 30+
- Deborah Silverman. Polish-American Folklore (2000)
- William Thomas and Florian Znaniecki. The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. 2 vol 1920, ISBN 0252010922 (1984 printing). ; famous classic online edition
- Joseph A. Wytrwal. Poles in American History and Tradition (1969),
- Joseph L. Zurawski, Polish American History and Culture: A Classified Bibliography (1975)
Appendix 1: Polish American communities
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Appendix 2: Polish Americans by state totals
According to the United States 2000 Census, American states with the largest numbers of self-reported Poles and Americans of Polish ancestry are:
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. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule . .
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Appendix 3: Polish Americans by percentage of the total population
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Famous Polish Americans
References
- ^ American Pioneer, I, 119; II, 325, cited by
"Poles in the United States". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company. - ^ http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/illegal.pdf
- ^ Aleksader Gieysztor, History of Poland (Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers, 1968) Pg. 585
- ^ Caroline Golab, Immigrant Destinations (Temple University Press: Philadelphia, 1977) Pg. 94
- ^ Immigration...Polish/Russian: The Nation of Polonia
- ^ Golab, Immigrant Destinations Pg. 86-7, 99
- ^ The Polish Community in Metro Chicago:A Community Profile of Strengths and Needs, A Census 2000 Report, published by the Polish American Association June 2004, p. 18
- ^ Gauper, Beth (2007-05-27). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Polish for a day. St. Paul Pioneer Press, via MidwestWeekends. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ Ramadan - TIME
See also
- Poles
- Polonia
- Poles in Chicago
- National Polish-American Hall of Fame
- List of Polish Americans
- Polish American Arts Association
- Polish American Congress
- Polish Museum of America
- The Polish Constitution Day Parade
- Polish National Alliance
- Polish Falcons
- Casimir Pulaski Day
- Pulaski Day Parade in New York
- Sons of Poland
- Polish Roman Catholic Union of America
- Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America
- List of U.S. cities with large Polish American populations
- Polish Canadians
- Felician Sisters
- Madonna University Polish Studies
- Polish Cathedral style churches
External links
- Polish Localizer Polsort | Polish Businesses and Organizations in the United States
- Polish Academic Information Center State University of New York at Buffalo. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages refers in modern Polish to the Polish Diaspora Poles in Chicago, also known as Chicago Polonia, refers to both immigrant Poles and Americans of Polish heritage living in Chicago, Illinois The National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame and Museum was founded in 1973 to honor and recognize outstanding American athletes both amateur and professional The Polish American Arts Association was organized on January 11, 1966. The Polish American Congress is a US Umbrella organization, representing as of 2007, a group of 18 Polish American organizations The Polish Museum of America is located in West Town, in what had been the historical Polish Downtown neighborhood of Chicago. The Polish Constitution Day Parade in Chicago is the largest Polish parade outside of Poland, and celebrates the anniversary of the ratification of the Polish The Polish National Alliance ( pol Związek Narodowy Polski) is the largest and one of the oldest Polish fraternal organizations in the United States, founded The Polish Falcons of America is a Polish Fraternal organization founded in 1887 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, as the American Casimir Pulaski Day is a holiday observed in Illinois on the first Monday of every March to commemorate Casimir Pulaski, a Revolutionary War Cavalry Pulaski Day Parade in New York on Fifth Avenue is celebrated since 1937 to commemorate Kazimierz Pułaski, a Polish hero of the American The Sons of Poland were organized in 1903 as a fraternal and benefit society The Polish Roman Catholic Union of America ("PRCUA" is the oldest Polish American organization in the United States The Polish Highlanders Alliance of America ( pl Związek Podhalan w Ameryce Północnej) was founded in 1929 in Chicago as an organization that unites all US cities and communities with large Polish American populations are largely concentrated in the Upper Midwestern United States, Chicago Metropolitan area and the Polish Canadians are Canadians of Polish ancestry According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, 817085 Canadians claim full or partial Polish ancestry The Sisters of St Felix of Cantalice, or Felician Sisters, are one branch of the Third Order of St Madonna University is a private Non-profit, Catholic university located in suburban Livonia, Michigan, on the western perimeter of metropolitan The Polish Cathedral style of North-American Catholic church is a genre of Church architecture found throughout the Great Lakes and Middle Atlantic Information about Poland, Polish universities, Polish Studies, and Polish American heritage.
- Polish American History
- Polish-Americans in Western New York
- Polish American Association
- Polish American Journal
- American Polish Advisory Council
- Polish American Students Association
- Polish Heritage Highway
- Polonia.net Polish community in the United States
- Pulaski Day Parade Pulaski Day Parade in New York
- The Polish Churches of Milwaukee
- http://www.pna-znp.org/ Polish National Alliance Chicago
- http://unionofpoles.com/ Union of Poles part of PNA Cleveland
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