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Policosanol
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| ? | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | ? |
| ATC code | C10 |
| PubChem | ? |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | CH3-(CH2)n-CH2OH n=24-34 |
| Mol. mass | ? |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Policosanol (or polycosanol) is the generic term for a natural extract of plant waxes. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route Wax has traditionally referred to a substance that is secreted by Bees ( Beeswax) and used by them in constructing their It is used as a nutritional supplement to lower (bad) LDL cholesterol and increase (good) HDL cholesterol and to help prevent atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) is a type of Lipoprotein that transports Cholesterol and Triglycerides from the Liver to peripheral High-density lipoproteins ( HDL) is one of the 5 major groups of Lipoproteins ( Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL Atherosclerosis is a Disease affecting arterial Blood vessels It is a chronic inflammatory response in the walls of arteries in large part due to the accumulation Independent clinical trials have failed to prove its efficacy.
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Physical properties
Policosanol is a mixture of a few fatty alcohols derived from the waxes of such plants as sugar cane[1] and yams, as well as beeswax. Fatty alcohols are Aliphatic Alcohols derived from natural Fats and Oils originating in plants but also synthesized in animals and Algae Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Yam is the common name for some species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) For the rock song by Nirvana see Beeswax (song. Beeswax is a natural Wax produced in the bee hive of Honey bees of the genus The most prevalent alcohol in policosanol is octacosanol,[2] followed by triacontanol. 1-Triacontanol is a Fatty alcohol of the general formula C30H62O also known as melissyl alcohol or myricyl alcohol.
There is a much lower concentration of several other fatty alcohols: behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, 1-heptacosanol, 1-nonacosanol, 1-dotriacontanol, and geddyl alcohol. Docosanol, also known as behenyl alcohol, is a saturated Fatty alcohol used mainly as an antiviral agent, specifically for treatment of "
Policosanol is marketed by Cuba as a natural way to treat high cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemia (literally high blood cholesterol is the presence of high levels of Cholesterol in the blood.
Modulation of HMG-CoA reductase[3] and bile acid absorption inhibition[4] have been proposed as mechanisms. HMG-CoA reductase (or 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase or HMGR) is the rate controlling Enzyme ( of the Mevalonate pathway the Bile acids (also known as bile salts are Steroid Acids found predominantly in the Bile of Mammals.
Studies
Published studies have come to conflicting conclusions regarding the efficacy of policosanol in lowering LDL (i. Efficacy is the capacity to produce a desired size of an effect under Ideal or Optimal conditions Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) is a type of Lipoprotein that transports Cholesterol and Triglycerides from the Liver to peripheral e. , "bad cholesterol") or raising HDL (i. High-density lipoproteins ( HDL) is one of the 5 major groups of Lipoproteins ( Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL e. , "good cholesterol"). [5][6][7] Despite a number of studies funded by the Cuban government (which also produces and markets the drug), no independent clinical trials have found any evidence of the efficacy of Policosanol.
Production
Policosanol (PPG) is produced, promoted and studied extensively in Cuba, where pharmaceutical research and sugar cane farms both exist in abundance. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The supplement is used as a panacea by some Cubans. The panacea (pænəˈsiːə named after the Greek goddess of healing Panacea, was supposed to be a remedy that would cure all Diseases and prolong life indefinitely
References
- ^ Marinangeli CP, Kassis AN, Jain D, Ebine N, Cunnane SC, Jones PJ (2007). "Comparison of composition and absorption of sugarcane policosanols" (abstract). Br. J. Nutr. 97 (2): 381–8. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 17298709.
- ^ Ohta Y, Ohashi K, Matsura T, Tokunaga K, Kitagawa A, Yamada K (2008). "Octacosanol attenuates disrupted hepatic reactive oxygen species metabolism associated with acute liver injury progression in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride". J Clin Biochem Nutr 42 (2): 118–25. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 18385828.
- ^ Singh DK, Li L, Porter TD (2006). "Policosanol inhibits cholesterol synthesis in hepatoma cells by activation of AMP-kinase". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 318 (3): 1020–6. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16714400.
- ^ Ng CH, Leung KY, Huang Y, Chen ZY (2005). "Policosanol has no antioxidant activity in human low-density lipoprotein but increases excretion of bile acids in hamsters". J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (16): 6289–93. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16076108.
- ^ Heiner K. Berthold, MD, PhD; Susanne Unverdorben, MD; Ralf Degenhardt, PhD; Michael Bulitta, Dipl-Stat; Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, MD (May 17, 2006). "Effect of Policosanol on Lipid Levels Among Patients With Hypercholesterolemia or Combined Hyperlipidemia" (abstract). Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (19): 2262–2269. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16705107.
- ^ Pons P, Rodriguez M, Robaina C, Illnait J, Mas R, Fernandez L, Fernandez JC. (1994). "Effects of successive dose increases of policosanol on the lipid profile of patients with type II hypercholesterolaemia and tolerability to treatment". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 14 (1): 27–33. PMID 7927958.
- ^ Chen JT, Wesley R, Shamburek RD, Pucino F, Csako G (2005). "Meta-analysis of natural therapies for hyperlipidemia: plant sterols and stanols versus policosanol" (abstract). Pharmacotherapy 25 (2): 171–83. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15767233.
External links
- Policosanol at PDRHealth. com
- Monograph at www. policosanol. com
- U.S. Patent 6,225,354
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