This map highlights the location of what is nowadays Polesine in Italy.

Polesine (pronounced [poˈleːzine] in Italian; written Połéxine in unified Venetan script and pronounced [poˈleːzine] or [poˈeːzine]) is a geographic and historic area in the north-east of Italy corresponding nowadays with the province of Rovigo^[1]; it is a strip of land about 100-km long and 18-km wide located between the lower courses of the Adige and the Po rivers. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Province of Rovigo ( Provincia di Rovigo) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. A LAND attack is a DoS (Denial of Service attack that consists of sending a special poison spoofed packet to a computer causing it to lock up The Adige (Adige Venetian: Àdexe; Trentin Ades; Friulian: Adis; Etsch Ladin: Adesc, or Adiç The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering

Geography

Further information: Province of Rovigo

The eastern portion of Polesine corresponds to the delta of the Po, and it is constantly expanding eastward because of the detritus sediment phenomenon. The Province of Rovigo ( Provincia di Rovigo) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. A delta is a Landform where the mouth of a River flows into an Ocean, Sea, Estuary, Lake or another river Detritus (adjective detrital) is a geological term used to describe particles of rock derived from pre-existing rock through processes of Weathering and Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of

The Po and the Adige are the first and the third biggest rivers of Italy as for rate of flow, yet another river flows across Polesine between these two main rivers: the Canal Bianco; this means that by far most of the fresh water of Italy flows into the sea through Polesine. The volumetric flow rate in Fluid dynamics and Hydrometry, (also known as volume flow rate or rate of fluid flow) is the volume of fluid which Tartaro-Canalbianco is a river of the Veneto region of Italy; the upper part of its course is in the Province of Verona and is known by the name of Due to this large amount of water it has to deal with, it has lots of canals for drainage. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area

The biggest city is Rovigo (51,000 inhabitants), followed by Adria (20,000 people). For the Renaissance composer see Francesco Rovigo. Rovigo is a town in the Veneto region of northeastern Italy, the capital Adria is a town in the province of Rovigo in the Veneto region of Northern Italy, situated between the mouths of the rivers Adige and Other important centres are Porto Viro, Lendinara, Porto Tolle, Badia Polesine, Occhiobello and Taglio di Po. Porto Viro is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 45 km south of Lendinara is a town and commune in the Province of Rovigo, Veneto, northern Italy. Porto Tolle is a town in the Province of Rovigo, Veneto, Italy. Badia Polesine is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 km southwest Occhiobello is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 km southwest Taglio di Po is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 km south of Important agricultural centres are Arquà Polesine, Loreo, Polesella and Lusia. Arquà Polesine is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 km southwest Loreo is a manufacturer of Stereo photography equipment including 3D cameras and stereo lens attachments for SLR Cameras Stereo pictures taken using Loreo systems Polesella is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 km southwest of Lusia is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 km southwest of

Etymology

"Polesine" is a Venetan term (in classic script) from medieval Latin pollìcinum or polìcinum meaning "swamp" or "wetland"^[1]; this is due to the fact that this territory was a swamp when it was given the name. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A swamp is a Wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog This happened after the disasters in the Venetan hydrography that followed the decline of the Roman Empire. Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Hydrography focuses on the measurement of physical characteristics of Waters and marginal land The Decline of the Roman Empire, leading to the Fall of the Roman Empire, or the Fall of Rome, was the end of the Western Roman Empire.

History

Mythological origins of Polesine

Polesine's origins are connected with the myth of Phaeton, the young god who drowned with the Sun chariot in the river Eridano (the former name of the river Po). The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" In Greek mythology, Phaëton or Phaethon (ˈfeɪətn or /ˈfeɪəθən/ (Φαέθων "shining" was the son of Helios ( Phoebus "Sun god" redirects here For the Ramsey Lewis album see Sun Goddess (album. In Crespino, a small village in Polesine, there is a square (the chief one of the town) dedicated to Phaeton, to commemorate the old legend and the oral tradition saying that Phaeton died in the tract of the river Po crossing Crespino. Crespino is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 60 km southwest of

Ancient times

The Adige river flowed more to the north than nowadays and the main course of the Po river was more to the south (more or less it was the current Po of Volano channel). This means that in ancient times the area lying between the two rivers was much larger than the current area named Polesine.

The Greeks founded Adria in the XII-XI century b.C. on a former channel of the Po (nowadays it is the lower course of the Canal Bianco river); the channel was given the name Adria and the sea was given the name Adriatic after the colony name. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Tartaro-Canalbianco is a river of the Veneto region of Italy; the upper part of its course is in the Province of Verona and is known by the name of The channel Adria was then recognized to be the lower course of the Mincio river, that was flowing into the Adriatic sea in ancient times. Mincio (ˈmintʃo Latin: Mincius, Ancient greek: Minchios, Μιγχιος) is a river in the Lombardy region of northern

Etruscans and Venetians inhabited the area during the VI and V century b.C., then it was conquered by the Romans. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy The Veneti ( Enetoi Ενετοί in Greek) were an ancient people who inhabited north-eastern Italy, in an area corresponding to the modern-day The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Etruscans and Romans decontaminated the area by digging canals for drainage: the Fossae Philistinae.

Some historians^[2] think that the battle of the Raudine Plain of 101 b.C. could be fought in this area. The Battle of Vercellae, or Battle of the Raudine Plain, in 101 BC was the Roman victory of Consul Gaius Marius over the Germanic

Medieval and Modern history

The name Polesine was given to the area after the fall of Rome and the disasters in the hydrography of the whole Veneto, traditionally referred to as the bursting of the Cucca banks in 589; Adria and its port lost their significance. The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of The so called bursting of the Cucca banks ( rotta della Cucca in Italian) Traditionally refers to a Flood in the Veneto region Events By Place Europe October 17 — The Adige River overflows its banks flooding the church of St In the meantime Rovigo was founded and fortified later in the X century, and provided of a city wall in the XII century; it became the new centre of the area. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors

In 1152 another disaster changed the hydrography of Polesine: the Po burst the banks in Ficarolo and the new main course started flowing much closer to the Adige. Ficarolo is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 90 km southwest of

The rulers of the whole Polesine (except for the new delta of the Po) were the Este until the war of Ferrara ended in 1484; then the Republic of Venice took possession of the territories north of the Tartaro-Canalbianco (including Rovigo), and the territories of Polesella and Guarda Veneta. "Este" redirects here For the city see Este Italy. For Tolkien's fictional character see Estë. The War of Ferrara (also known as the Salt War, it Guerra del Sale) ending with the Peace of Bagnolo, was fought in 1482-1484 between Ercole I d'Este The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica Polesella is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 70 km southwest of Guarda Veneta is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region of Veneto, located about 60 km southwest Since then, the northern part had been known by the name of "Polesine of Rovigo" and the southern part had been known by the name of "Polesine of Ferrara".

Polesine (located at the north-east in this map) and Emilia-Romagna in 1585. Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Bologna. You can note that the main course of the Po was norther before the "cutting of Porto Viro" of 1604.

The Este claimed again the possession of the whole Polesine during the war of the League of Cambrai, but after a short occupation in 1508-1511 the frontiers were back to those of 1484. The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names was a major conflict in the Italian Wars.

Between 1602 and 1604, an agreement between the Republic of Venice and the Papal States that then ruled on the Polesine of Ferrara allowed the digging of a new final course for the Po known as the "cutting of Porto Viro"; the toponym Taglio di Po means exactly "cutting of Po" and refers to this event, that has been the last change in the main course of the river until today. The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. Taglio di Po is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 50 km south of

Contemporary history

The middle and east parts of Polesine in 1885. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common You can note that the main courses of the Adige and the Po are those of nowadays.

After the Congress of Vienna in 1815 all the territories to the north of the Po were included into the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, thus giving to "Polesine of Rovigo" the extension it has nowadays. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (Regno Lombardo-Veneto Lombardo-Venezianisches Königreich was a kingdom in northern Italy, and part of the Austrian Empire. The name "Polesine of Ferrara" fell into disuse in the following years, so nowadays Polesine is just the province of Rovigo.

The floods

Due to the large amount of water passing through Polesine, many floods happened during the centuries. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge The main floods had been:

• 589 (Adige): the disaster mentioned above as the bursting of the Cucca banks, that changed the main course of the river;
• 1152 (Po): the disaster mentioned above as the bursting of the Ficarolo banks, that changed the main course of the river;
• 1438 (Adige): again the main course of the river changed; it no more passed through Rovigo, and it has started flowing in the bed it has nowadays;
• 1882 (Adige): the territory between the Adige and the Canalbianco was flooded; 63,000 people left the country and emigrated to South America^[3]. Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a
• 1951 (Po): two thirds of Polesine was flooded, compelling 150,000 people to evacuate the entire area. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January

Geological formation of the area

The Adige river as it enters the Polesine near Badia Polesine.

Actual Polesine territory is, geologically speaking, of recent formation, created by drifts taken by rivers Po and Adige, and subsequently from human modifications. In Geology, drift is transported rock debris overlying the solid Bedrock. In fact, men reclaimed and decontaminated the area before embanking the biggest waterways.

First origins goes up to the Pliocene epoch. The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts is the period in the Geologic timescale that extends The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized Model) relating Stratigraphy to time that is used by Geologists and other Contemporary to the rising of Alps and Apennine Mountains, the entire Padania was filled by a long inlet (the Adriatic depression) and the seabed of this huge ditch was full of troughs and elevations. Padania is an alternative name for Northern Italy. It was sparingly used until the early 1990s when the Lega Nord political party proposed the term as a possible An inlet is a narrow body of water between islands or leading inland from a larger body of water often leading to an enclosed body of water such as a sound, bay, "Ocean Floor" redirects here For the 2001 song by Audio Adrenaline, see Lift (Audio Adrenaline album. A ditch is usually defined as a small to moderate depression created to channel Water. In geology a trough generally refers to a linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance while being less steep than a trench. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level.

At the end of the last glaciation (10. "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. 000 years ago), most of Padania actual territory was just formed. Landscape's last mutation was dued to the raising of the sea level and the ice melting. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting

In 1604, river Po's natural course was artificially modified and after this work actual delta was formed. Floods frequently happened in Polesine filled the depressions of the area with several bundles of sediments consisting in sand, clay and silt. Sand is a naturally occurring Granular material composed of finely divided rock and Mineral particles Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay

Notes

External Links

• (Italian) PolesineOnLine - Social-Cultural Portal of Polesine History, culture, tourism, news, youth and music of Polesine. Chat and Community, Forum.