Pole vaulting is an athletics event where a person uses a long, flexible pole (which today are usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to leap over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, as well as the Cretans and Celts. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and since 2000 for women. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games At the 1896 Summer Olympics, twelve athletics events were contested "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever

History

Poles were used as a practical means of passing over natural obstacles in places such as the marshy provinces of Friesland in The Netherlands, along the North Sea, and the great level of the Fens of Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire and Norfolk. The artificial draining of these marshes created a network of open drains or canals intersecting each other. In order to cross these without getting wet, while avoiding tedious roundabout journeys over bridges, a stack of jumping poles was kept at every house and used for vaulting over the canals. Pole vaulting has been used by Venetian punters for moving to the shore from their boat. It has continued to be a folklore activity with annual competitions. Broad-jumping with the pole, though the original form of the sport, has never found its way into organized athletics, the high jump being the only form recognized.

Modern competitions began around 1850 in Germany, when it was added to the gymnastic exercises of the Turner by Johann C. F. GutsMuths and Frederich L. Jahn. The modern pole vaulting technique was developed in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century. In Great Britain, it was first practiced at the Caledonian Games. Initially, vaulting poles were made from stiff materials such as bamboo or aluminium, pole vaulting success was also originally measured by distance rather than height as it is today. Later, the introduction of flexible vaulting poles made from composites such as fiberglass or carbon fiber allowed vaulters to achieve new heights. Physical attributes such as speed and agility are essential to pole vaulting effectively, but technical skill is an equally if not more important element. The object of pole vaulting is to clear a bar or stick supported upon two uprights without knocking it down.

Pole vault technology

Competitive pole vaulting began with bamboo poles. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily As the heights attained increased, the bamboo poles gave way to tubular steel, which was tapered at each end. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Today's pole vaulters benefit from poles produced by wrapping sheets of fiberglass around a pole mandrel (pattern), to produce a slightly pre-bent pole that bends more easily under the compression caused by an athlete's take-off. Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. Different fiberglass types, including carbon-fiber, are used to give poles specific characteristics intended to promote higher jumps. In recent years, carbon fiber has been added to the commonly used E-glass and S-glass preimpregnation materials in order to create a pole with a lighter carry weight.

As in the high jump, the landing area was originally a heap of sawdust or sand where athletes landed on their feet. The high jump is an Athletics (track and field event in which competitors must jump over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without the aid of any devices As technology enabled higher vaults, mats evolved into bags of large chunks of foam. Today's high tech mats are solid pieces of foam usually 1-1. 5 meters thick. Mats are growing larger in area as well, in order to minimize any risk of injury. Proper landing technique is on the back or shoulders. Landing on the feet must be trained out of the athlete, to eliminate the risk of spraining or breaking an ankle.

Rule changes over the years have resulted in larger landing areas and additional padding of all hard and unyielding surfaces.

The pole vault crossbar has evolved from a triangular aluminium bar to a round fiberglass bar with rubber ends. This is balanced on standards and can be knocked off when it is hit by a pole vaulter.

Modern vaulting

See also: World Record progression in pole vault for men and for women

German athlete Michael Stolle at a pole vaulting meeting in Berlin, 2004

Today, athletes compete in the pole vault as one of the four jumping events in track and field. The first World record in Pole vault for men ( Athletics (track and field) was recognised by the International Association of Athletics The first World outdoor record in Pole vault for women ( Athletics (track and field) was recognised by the International Association of Michael Stolle (born 17 December 1974 in Buxtehude) is a German Pole vaulter His personal best was 5 Jumping or leaping is an ability that most Humans and many Animals share to some degree It is also the eighth event in the decathlon. The decathlon is an Athletic event consisting of ten Track and field events During a competition, a bar progression is chosen by an event official. The progression goes from an initial height, called the opening height, presumably a height that all competitors are capable of clearing, and progresses higher by even increments. Typical increments are six inches in American high school competitions, or 10 to 15 cm in collegiate and elite competitions. Competitors can enter the competition at any point in the progression. Once the competitor enters at a certain height, he has three attempts to clear the bar. If the vaulter clears, even if the vaulter missed one of his attempts, he gets three fresh attempts at the next height. At any time, a vaulter may decide to pass on a height, coming in at a higher one. If a vaulter has used any of his attempts on the height he decided to pass, he takes those attempts with him and has fewer attempts on the higher height. A "no height", often denoted NH, refers to the failure of a vaulter to clear any bar during the competition.

Having cleared the highest height, the last competitor remaining in the competition wins. Vaulters are placed first, second and so forth according to their highest cleared height and the number of attempts that were taken to clear that height. A tie can occur when two or more vaulters have the same number of misses at every height. Ties can be broken in what is known as a jump-off. A jump-off is a sudden death competition in which both vaulters attempt the same height, starting with the last attempted height. Sudden death (or a sudden death round) is a way of providing a winner for a Contest or Game (typically a Sport) which would otherwise If both vaulters miss, the bar goes down by a small increment, and if both clear, the bar goes up by a small increment. A jump-off ends when one vaulter clears and the other misses.

In Britain at one time the vaulter was allowed to climb the pole when it is at the vertical. Tom Ray, of Ulverston in Cumbria, who was champion of the world in 1887, was able to gain several feet in this manner. Ulverston is a Market town in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria in north-west England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy However, this method is now illegal and if the vaulter's grip moves above his top hand after takeoff, the vault is marked as a miss.

The equipment and rules for pole vaulting are similar to the high jump. The high jump is an Athletics (track and field event in which competitors must jump over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without the aid of any devices Unlike high jump, however, the athlete in the vault has the ability to select the horizontal position of the bar before each jump and can place it between 0 and 80 cm beyond the back of the box, the metal pit that the pole is placed into immediately before takeoff. If the pole used by the athlete dislodges the bar from the uprights a foul attempt is ruled, even if the athlete himself has cleared the height. There is an exception to this, if the vaulter is vaulting outdoors, and has made a clear effort to throw the pole back, but the wind has blown it into the bar then it would still count as a clearance. If the pole breaks during the execution of a vault, the competitor will be allowed another attempt. Contrary to popular belief, an athlete will not benefit from exiting the mat before the bar has fallen or touched the landing pad. A foul is given if the bar falls after the athlete has already left the mat.

There are many physical, psychological, and environmental factors that can contribute to the success or failure of an attempt, including speed, technique, height, jumping ability, strength, confidence and mental preparedness, wind speed and direction, temperature, etc. Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Speed is the rate of motion, or equivalently the rate of change in position often expressed as Distance d traveled per unit of Physical strength is the ability of a person or animal to exert Force on physical objects using muscles. Confidence is generally described as a state of being certain either that a hypothesis or prediction is correct or that a chosen course of action is the best or most effective given the Wind is the flow of Air or other Gases that compose an Atmosphere (including but not limited to the Earth's) Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature The vaulter must choose a pole with length and stiffness that is matched to his ability, which may vary according to the above conditions. The mere act of choosing a pole can have a significant effect on a vaulter's jump, as a pole that is too elastic will cause the vaulter to penetrate too far into the pit, sometimes flying underneath the bar before achieving maximum height, and a pole that is too stiff can cause the vaulter to be rejected backwards, in extreme cases landing back on the runway or in the box.

Poles are manufactured with ratings corresponding to the vaulter's recommended maximum weight. Some organizations forbid vaulters to use poles rated below their weight as a safety precaution. Though this rule is supposed to make pole vaulting less dangerous, it is an inconvenience to the athletes and in some cases it can actually make the sport even more dangerous. The recommended weight corresponds to a flex rating that is determined by the manufacturer by placing a standardized amount of stress on the pole and measuring how much the center of the pole is displaced. Therefore, two poles rated at the same weight are not necessarily the same stiffness. Because pole stiffness and length are important factors to a vaulter's performance, it is not uncommon for an elite vaulter to carry as many as 10 poles to a competition. The effective properties of a pole can be changed by gripping the pole higher or lower in relation to the top of the pole. The left and right handgrips are typically about shoulder width apart. Poles are manufactured for people of all skill levels, with sizes as small as 7 feet, 90 lb, to as large as 17+ feet, 230 pounds.

Phases of pole vaulting

Phases of Pole Vaulting

Although there are many techniques used by vaulters at various skill levels to clear the bar, the generally accepted technical model can be broken down into several phases, listed and described below:

The approach

The approach consists of the vaulter sprinting down the runway in such a way as to achieve maximum speed and correct take-off position upon reaching the pit. The pole is usually carried upright to some degree at the beginning of the approach, then gradually lowered as the vaulter gets closer to the pit. By doing this the vaulter can use the potential energy stored from carrying the pole upright to his advantage. Potential energy can be thought of as Energy stored within a physical system It is common for vaulters to use long, powerful strides at the beginning of the approach, then accelerate by increasing stride frequency while maintaining the same stride length. Unlike short sprinting events such as the 100 m in which a forward lean is used to accelerate, vaulters maintain an upright torso position throughout the approach because staying as tall as possible is important to the next phase of the vault.

The plant and take-off

The plant and take off is initiated typically three steps out from the final step. Vaulters (usually) will count their steps backwards from their starting point to the box only counting the steps taken on the left foot (vice-versa for left-handers) except for the second step from the box, which is taken by the right foot. For example; a vaulter on a "ten count" (referring to the number of counted steps from the starting point to the box) would count backwards from ten, only counting the steps taken with the left foot, until the last three steps taken and both feet are counted as three, two, one. These last three steps are normally quicker than the previous strides and are referred to as the "turn-over". The goal of this phase is to efficiently translate the kinetic energy accumulated from the approach into potential energy stored by the elasticity of the pole, and to gain as much initial vertical height as possible by jumping off the ground. The kinetic energy of an object is the extra Energy which it possesses due to its motion Potential energy can be thought of as Energy stored within a physical system The plant starts with the vaulter raising his arms up from around the hips or mid-torso until they are fully outstretched above his head, with the right arm extended directly above the head and the left arm extended perpendicular to the pole (vice-versa for left-handed vaulters). At the same time, the vaulter is dropping the pole tip into the box. On the final step, the vaulter jumps off the trail leg which should always remain straight and then drives the front knee forward. As the pole slides into the back of the box the pole begins to bend and the vaulter continues up and forward, leaving the trail leg angled down and behind him.

The swing and row

The swing and row simply consists of the vaulter swinging his trail leg forward and rowing,pushing, his top arm down to the hips, while trying to keep the trail leg straight, once in a U shape the left arm hugs the pole tight to efficiently use the recoil within the pole. Effectively, this causes a double pendulum motion, with the top of the pole moving forward and pivoting from the box, while the vaulter acts as a second pendulum pivoting from the right hand. A pendulum is a mass that is attached to a pivot from which it can swing freely This action results in even more potential energy being stored in the pole, all of which will be returned to the vaulter in later phases. The swing continues until the hips are above the head and the arms are pulling the pole close to the chest. From there the vaulter shoots his legs up over the cross bar while keeping the pole close

Alternate swing methods

Another form of swing is called the double leg drop. After executing a normal take-off, the vaulter lets his lead leg drop and swings with both legs together. In doing this, the weight of the vaulter's lower body is centered further from his rotational axis, making it more difficult for the vaulter to swing with as great a speed as with a single legged swing. For the same reason, a vaulter with constant rotational speed will load the pole with more energy using a double legged swing than a single legged swing. Because the slower swing can make it more difficult for a vaulter to get in position for the rockback, the double leg drop is typically not taught as the conventional method. A successful double leg drop is exemplified by French vaulter Jean Galfione. Jean Galfione (born 9 June 1971 in Paris) is a French athlete.

A third form of swing is called the tuck and shoot. This is accomplished by tucking both legs in toward the chest rather than leaving the trail leg extended. This has the opposite effect of the double leg drop: it shortens the lower body about the rotational axis, making the swing faster, but lessening the pole-loading effect of the swing. Because a shorter rotational axis can make it more difficult to use larger poles than with a longer axis, the tuck and shoot is also not considered the conventional method. A successful tuck and shoot is exemplified by former American record-holder Jeff Hartwig. Jeff Hartwig (born 25 September 1967 in St Louis) is an American Pole vaulter In 1998 Hartwig set two North American records

The extension

The extension refers to the extension of the hips upward with outstretched legs as the shoulders drive down, causing the vaulter to be positioned upside down. This position is often referred to as "inversion". While this phase is executed, the pole begins to recoil, propelling the vaulter quickly upward. The hands of the vaulter remain close to his body as they move from the shins back to the region around the hips and upper torso.

The turn

The turn is executed immediately after or even during the end of the rockback. As the name implies, the vaulter turns 180° toward the pole while extending the arms down past the head and shoulders. Typically the vaulter will begin to angle his body toward the bar as the turn is executed, although ideally the vaulter will remain as vertical as possible. A more accurate description of this phase of the vault may be "the spin" because the vaulter spins around an imaginary axis from head to toe.

The fly-away

This is often highly emphasized by spectators and novice vaulters, but it is arguably the easiest phase of the vault and is a result of proper execution of previous phases. This phase mainly consists of the vaulter pushing off of the pole and releasing it so it falls away from the bar and mats. As his body goes over and around the bar, the vaulter is facing the bar. Rotation of the body over the bar occurs naturally, and the vaulter's main concern is making sure that his arms, face and any other appendages do not knock the bar off as he goes over. The vaulter should land near the middle of the foam landing mats, or pits, face up.

The pole vault is exciting to watch because of the extreme heights reached by competitors, and the inherent danger of the activity, two elements which combine to make it popular with spectators.

Terminology

The following are terms commonly used in pole vault:

• Bar: This is the cross bar that is suspended above the ground by the standards.
• Box: A trapezoidal indentation in the ground with a metal or fiberglass covering at the end of the runway in which vaulters "plant" their pole. The back wall of the box is nearly vertical and is approximately 8 inches in depth. The bottom of the box gradually slopes upward approximately 3-feet until it is level with the runway. The covering in the box ensures the pole will slide to the back of the box without catching on anything. The covering's lip overlaps onto the runway and ensures a smooth transition from all-weather surface so a pole being planted does not catch on the box.
• Drive knee: During the plant phase, the knee is driven forward at the time of "takeoff" to help propel the vaulter upward.
• Grip: This is where the vaulter's top hand is on the pole. As the vaulter improves his grip may move up the pole incrementally. The other hand is typically placed shoulder-width down from the top hand. Hands are not allowed to grip the very top of the pole (their hand perpendicular to the pole) for safety reasons.
• Jump foot: This is also referred to as the take-off foot. The jump foot is the foot that the vaulter uses to leave the ground as he begins his vault.
• Pit: The mats used for landing in pole vault.
• Plant position: This is the position a vaulter is in the moment the pole reaches the back of the box and the vaulter begins his vault. His arms are fully extended and his drive knee begins to come up as he jumps.
• Pole: The fiberglass equipment used to propel the vaulter up and over the bar. One side is more stiff than the other to facilitate the bending of the pole after the plant. A vaulter may rest the pole on his arm to determine which side is the stiff side.
• Standards: The equipment that holds the bar at a particular height above the ground. Standards may be adjusted to raise and lower the bar and also to adjust the horizontal position of the bar.
• Steps: Since the box is in a fixed position, vaulters must adjust their approach to ensure they are in the correct position when attempting to vault.
• Swing leg or trail leg: The swing leg is also the jump foot. After a vaulter has left the ground, the leg that was last touching the ground stays extended and swings forward to help propel the vaulter upwards.
• Volzing: A method of holding or pushing the bar back onto the pegs while jumping over a height. This takes amazing skill, although it is now against the rules and counted as a miss. The technique is named after U. S. Olympian Dave Volz, who made an artform of the practice and surprised many by making the U. S. Olympic team in 1992.

6 metres club

The so-called "6 metres club", which consists of pole vaulters who have reached at least 6 metres (converts to 19' 8¼"^[1]) , is very prestigious. In 1985 Sergei Bubka became the first pole vaulter to clear 6 metres; he also holds the current outdoor world record at 6. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 14 metres, set on 31 July 1994 in Sestriere. Sestriere ( French: Sestrières) is an alpine village in Italy, a Comune (municipality of the Province of Turin.

All "6 metres club" members are men. The only woman to exceed 5 metres is Russian women's world-record holder Yelena Isinbayeva, who reached that height in 2005 and broke her own record that same year with 5. Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( born) is a Russian Pole vaulter She is a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist (2004 and 2008 was elected Female Athlete of the Year by 01 metres.

Statue "Serhij Bubka", Donetsk (Ukraine)

Name of athlete	Nation	Outdoors	Indoors	Year first cleared 6 metres
Sergei Bubka	Soviet Union /  Ukraine	6. Donetsk (Донецьк translit Donets’k; Доне́цк translit The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. 14 m	6. 15 m	1985
Maksim Tarasov	Russia	6. Maksim Vladimirovich Tarasov (Максим Владимирович Тарасов born December 2, 1970 in Yaroslavl) is a retired Pole vaulter Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending 05 m	6. 00 m	1997
Dmitri Markov	Belarus /  Australia	6. Dmitri Markov (born March 14, 1975 in Vitebsk, Byelorussian SSR) is a retired Belarusian and Australian Pole vaulter Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. 05 m [2]		1998
Brad Walker	United States	6. Brad Walker may refer to Brad Walker (athlete, pole vaulter Brad Walker (comics, comic book creator The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 04 m [3]		2006
Okkert Brits	South Africa	6. Okkert Brits (born August 22, 1973 in Uitenhage) is a South African athlete competing in the Pole vault. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa 03 m [4]		1995
Jeff Hartwig	United States	6. Jeff Hartwig (born 25 September 1967 in St Louis) is an American Pole vaulter In 1998 Hartwig set two North American records The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 03 m	6. 02 m	1998
Igor Trandenkov	Russia	6. Igor Trandenkov (Игорь Транденков born August 17, 1966) is a retired Russian Pole vaulter best known for winning two Olympic Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending 01 m		1996
Tim Mack	United States	6. Tim Mack may refer to Timothy Mack (* 1972 US pole vaulter Tim Mack (ten-pin bowler, U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 01 m		2004
Radion Gataullin	Soviet Union /  Russia	6. Rodion Gataullin (Родио́н Гатау́ллин (born in a Tatar family on 23 November 1965 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending 00 m	6. 02 m	1989
Tim Lobinger	Germany	6. Tim Lobinger (born September 3, 1972 in Rheinbach, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German pole vaulter Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 00 m		1997
Toby Stevenson	United States	6. Toby "Crash" Stevenson (born November 19, 1976 in Odessa Texas) is an Olympic class Pole vaulter from the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 00 m		2004
Paul Burgess	Australia	6. Paul Burgess (born 14 August 1979 in Perth Western Australia) is an Australian Pole vaulter who become only the thirteenth Pole For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. 00 m		2005
Steven Hooker	Australia	6. Steven Hooker, known as Steve Hooker (born 16 July 1982 in Melbourne Victoria) is an Australian Pole vaulter and Olympic gold medalist For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. 00 m		2008
Jean Galfione	France		6. Jean Galfione (born 9 June 1971 in Paris) is a French athlete. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 00 m	1999
Danny Ecker	Germany		6. Danny Ecker (born July 21, 1977 in Leverkusen) is a German athlete competing in the Pole vault. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 00 m	2001

Best Year Performance

Men's Seasons Best

YEAR	HEIGHT	ATHLETE	PLACE
1971	5. 43	Kjell Isaksson (SWE)	Siena
1972	5. Kjell Isaksson (born February 28, 1948) is a retired Pole vaulter from Sweden, who broke the World record several times in the early "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. 63	Bob Seagren (USA)	Eugene
1973	5. Robert ("Bob" Seagren (born October 17, 1946) was an American Pole vaulter the 1968 Olympic champion. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 49	Steve Smith (USA)	New York
1974	5. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous 53	Steve Smith (USA)	Pocatello
1975	5. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 65	Dave Roberts (USA)	Gainesville
1976	5. David ("Dave" Luther Roberts (born 23 July, 1951) was an American athlete who mainly competed in the men's pole vault event The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Gainesville is the name of several places in the United States of America: Gainesville Alabama Gainesville Florida, 70	Dave Roberts (USA)	Eugene
1977	5. David ("Dave" Luther Roberts (born 23 July, 1951) was an American athlete who mainly competed in the men's pole vault event The United States of America —commonly referred to as the 66	Wladyslaw Kozakiewicz (POL)	Warsaw
1978	5. Władysław Kozakiewicz (born December 8, 1953) is a Polish Pole vault jumper Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. 71	Mike Tully (USA)	Corvallis
1979	5. Mike Tully (born October 21, 1956) is an American Pole vaulter He represented the United States twice in the Olympics earning a silver in 1984 and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Corvallis is the name of two places in the United States of America Corvallis Montana Corvallis Oregon 65	Patrick Abada (FRA)  Philippe Houvion (FRA)	Paris Paris
1980	5. Patrick Abada (born 20 March 1954 in Paris) is a retired French Pole vaulter and Olympian having competed in the 1976 Summer This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Philippe Houvion (born 5 October 1957) is a retired French Pole vaulter On July 17, 1980 in Paris Houvion jumped 5 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This page contains an overview of the year 1980 in Athletics (track and field. 78	Wladyslaw Kozakiewicz (POL)	Moscow
1981	5. Władysław Kozakiewicz (born December 8, 1953) is a Polish Pole vault jumper Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of This page contains an overview of the year 1981 in Athletics (track and field. 81	Vladimir Polyakov (URS)	Tbilisi
1982	5. Vladimir Polyakov (born April 17, 1960) is a retired Pole vaulter who represented the USSR and later Russia. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari This page contains an overview of the year 1982 in Athletics (track and field. 75	Dave Volz (USA)  Jean-Michel Bellot (FRA)	Nice Colombes
1983	5. David ("Dave" Volz (born May 2, 1962) is a retired American Pole vaulter best known for finishing fifth at the 1992 Summer Olympics The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jean-Michel Bellot (born 16 December 1953) is a retired French Pole vaulter Achievements This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Colombes is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. This page contains an overview of the year 1983 in Athletics (track and field. 83	Thierry Vigneron (FRA)	Rome
1984	5. Thierry Vigneron (born March 9, 1960 in Gennevilliers) is a retired French athlete This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 This page contains an overview of the year 1984 in Athletics (track and field. 94	Sergey Bubka (URS)	Rome
1985	6. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 This page contains an overview of the year 1985 in Athletics (track and field. 00	Sergey Bubka (URS)	Paris
1986	6. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This page contains an overview of the year 1986 in Athletics (track and field. 01	Alex Garcia (USA)	woodland
1987	6. Alex Garcia may refer to Alex Garcia (boxer (born 1961 Mexican heavyweight boxer Alex Garcia (driver (born 1977 Venezuelan race car driver The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ecologically a woodland is an area covered in trees differentiated from a Forest. This page contains an overview of the year 1987 in Athletics (track and field. 03	Sergey Bubka (URS)	Prague
1988	6. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. This page contains an overview of the year 1988 in Athletics (track and field. 06	Sergey Bubka (URS)	Nice
1989	6. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek This page contains an overview of the year 1989 in Athletics (track and field. 06	Sergey Bubka (URS)  Rodion Gataullin (URS)	Donetsk Tokyo
1990	5. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Rodion Gataullin (Родио́н Гатау́ллин (born in a Tatar family on 23 November 1965 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Donetsk (Донецьк translit Donets’k; Доне́цк translit officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. This page contains an overview of the year 1990 in Athletics (track and field. 92	Rodion Gataullin (URS)	Seattle
1991	6. Rodion Gataullin (Родио́н Гатау́ллин (born in a Tatar family on 23 November 1965 in Tashkent, Uzbek SSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 This page contains an overview of the year 1991 in Athletics (track and field. 10	Sergey Bubka (URS)	Malmö
1992	6. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 This page contains an overview of the year 1992 in Athletics (track and field. 13	Sergey Bubka (UKR)	Tokyo
1993	6. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. This page contains an overview of the year 1993 in Athletics (track and field. 05	Sergey Bubka (UKR)	London
1994	6. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This page contains an overview of the year 1994 in Athletics (track and field. 14	Sergey Bubka (UKR)	Sestriere
1995	6. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Sestriere ( French: Sestrières) is an alpine village in Italy, a Comune (municipality of the Province of Turin. 03	Okkert Brits (RSA)	Cologne
1996	6. Okkert Brits (born August 22, 1973 in Uitenhage) is a South African athlete competing in the Pole vault. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa 02	Sergey Bubka (UKR)	Atlanta, Georgia
1997	6. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. 05	Sergey Bubka (UKR)	Fukuoka
1998	6. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. is the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture and is situated on the northern shore of the island of Kyūshū in Japan, across This page shows the main events during the 1998 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 01	Jeff Hartwig (USA)	Uniondale
1999	6. Jeff Hartwig (born 25 September 1967 in St Louis) is an American Pole vaulter In 1998 Hartwig set two North American records The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Uniondale or Union Dale may refer to In South Africa Uniondale Western Cape In the United States Uniondale This page shows the main events during the 1999 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 05	Maxim Tarasov (RUS)	Athens
2000	6. Maksim Vladimirovich Tarasov (Максим Владимирович Тарасов born December 2, 1970 in Yaroslavl) is a retired Pole vaulter Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's This page shows the main events during the 2000 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 03	Jeff Hartwig (USA)	Jonesboro
2001	6. Jeff Hartwig (born 25 September 1967 in St Louis) is an American Pole vaulter In 1998 Hartwig set two North American records The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This page shows the main events during the 2001 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 05	Dmitriy Markov (AUS)	Edmonton
2002	5. Dmitri Markov (born March 14, 1975 in Vitebsk, Byelorussian SSR) is a retired Belarusian and Australian Pole vaulter For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Edmonton (ˈɛdmɨntɨn is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta. This page shows the main events during the 2002 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 90	Jeff Hartwig (USA)  Tim Lobinger (GER)	Athens
2003	5. Jeff Hartwig (born 25 September 1967 in St Louis) is an American Pole vaulter In 1998 Hartwig set two North American records The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Tim Lobinger (born September 3, 1972 in Rheinbach, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German pole vaulter Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's This page shows the main events during the 2003 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 95	Romain Mesnil (FRA)	Castres
2004	6. Romain Mesnil (born 13 July 1977 in Le Plessis-Bouchard) is a French Pole vaulter His personal best is 5 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Castres ( Castras in the Languedocian dialect of Occitan language) is a town and commune of Languedoc in south-western France This page shows the main events during the 2004 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 01	Tim Mack (USA)	Monaco
2005	6. Tim Mack may refer to Timothy Mack (* 1972 US pole vaulter Tim Mack (ten-pin bowler, U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque This page shows the main events during the 2005 year in Athletics (track and field throughout the world 00	Paul Burgess (AUS)	Perth
2006	6. Paul Burgess (born 14 August 1979 in Perth Western Australia) is an Australian Pole vaulter who become only the thirteenth Pole For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. The following events in Athletics (track and field took place in 2006: Championships March 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships (part 00	Brad Walker (USA)	Jockgrim
2007	5. Brad Walker may refer to Brad Walker (athlete, pole vaulter Brad Walker (comics, comic book creator The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jockgrim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. This page contains an overview of the year 2007 in Athletics (track and field. 95	Brad Walker (USA)	Brisbane
2008	6. Brad Walker may refer to Brad Walker (athlete, pole vaulter Brad Walker (comics, comic book creator The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland 04	Brad Walker (USA)	Eugene

Women's Seasons Best

YEAR	HEIGHT	ATHLETE	PLACE
1996	4. Brad Walker may refer to Brad Walker (athlete, pole vaulter Brad Walker (comics, comic book creator The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Athletics Decathlon Best Year Performance * &ndash 8824 points Marathon 45	Emma George (AUS)	Sapporo
1997	4. Emma George (born November 1, 1974 in Beechworth[http //wwwbeechworth For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. is the fifth-largest city in Japan by population It is the capital of Hokkaidō Prefecture, located in Ishikari Subprefecture, and an Artistic gymnastics World Artistic Gymnastics Championships: Men's all-around champion Ivan Ivankov, Belarus 55	Emma George (AUS)	Melbourne
1998	4. Emma George (born November 1, 1974 in Beechworth[http //wwwbeechworth For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Athletics For an extensive coverage see 1998 in athletics (track and field Decathlon 59	Emma George (AUS)	Brisbane
1999	4. Emma George (born November 1, 1974 in Beechworth[http //wwwbeechworth For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Athletics For an extensive coverage see 1999 in athletics (track and field Track Hicham 60	Stacy Dragila (USA)  Emma George (AUS)	Seville Sydney
2000	4. Stacy Dragila (born Stacy Mikaelsen on March 25 1971, Auburn California) is an American Pole vaulter. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Emma George (born November 1, 1974 in Beechworth[http //wwwbeechworth For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Athletics For an extensive coverage see 2000 in athletics (track and field Marathon International 63	Stacy Dragila (USA)	Sacramento
2001	4. Stacy Dragila (born Stacy Mikaelsen on March 25 1971, Auburn California) is an American Pole vaulter. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Artistic gymnastics World Artistic Gymnastics Championships: Men's all-around champion Feng Jing, China 81	Stacy Dragila (USA)	Palo Alto
2002	4. Stacy Dragila (born Stacy Mikaelsen on March 25 1971, Auburn California) is an American Pole vaulter. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Palo Alto (ˌpæloʊˈæltoʊ from Spanish: palo: "stick" and alto: "high" i Athletics For an extensive coverage see 2002 in athletics (track and field Marathon International 78	Svetlana Feofanova (RUS)	Stockholm
2003	4. Svetlana Yevgenyevna Feofanova ( Russian: Светлана Евгеньевна Феофанова born 16 July, 1980 in Moscow) is a Russian Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending ('stɔkhɔlm is Sweden 's Capital and its largest City. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the Artistic gymnastics World Artistic Gymnastics Championships: Men's all-around champions Paul Hamm, USA, 82	Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)	Gateshead
2004	4. Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( born) is a Russian Pole vaulter She is a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist (2004 and 2008 was elected Female Athlete of the Year by Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Events On January 28, International Olympic Committee Vice-President Kim Un-yong is arrested on charges of corruption in Seoul 92	Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)	Bruxelles
2005	5. Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( born) is a Russian Pole vaulter She is a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist (2004 and 2008 was elected Female Athlete of the Year by Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Athletics (track and field For an extensive coverage see 2005 in athletics (track and field Track 01	Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)	Helsinki
2006	4. Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( born) is a Russian Pole vaulter She is a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist (2004 and 2008 was elected Female Athlete of the Year by Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Athletics (track and field For an extensive coverage see 2006 in athletics (track and field Track 91	Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)	London
2007	4. Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( born) is a Russian Pole vaulter She is a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist (2004 and 2008 was elected Female Athlete of the Year by Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. News by date January 1 - College Football - In a game 91	Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)	Saint-Denis
2008	4. Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( born) is a Russian Pole vaulter She is a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist (2004 and 2008 was elected Female Athlete of the Year by Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. News by date January 1: Motorcycling - Robbie Maddison 95	Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS)	Donetsk

External links

• Pole vaulting shown in maximum card from Israel

References

• Yelena Isinbayeva UnOfficial Web
• IAAF Handbook
• Monika Pyrek Official Web
• Statistics
• North East Pole Vault Academy
• Year Rankings

6 metres club

• Official All Time Top List (outdoor) - IAAF
• Official All Time Top List (indoor) - IAAF

Notes

1. ^ Calculator for official mark conversions in athletic events, hosted by USATF. Yelena Gadzhievna Isinbayeva ( born) is a Russian Pole vaulter She is a two-time Olympic Gold Medalist (2004 and 2008 was elected Female Athlete of the Year by Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Donetsk (Донецьк translit Donets’k; Доне́цк translit The International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. The International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. org
2. ^ Current Commonwealth and Oceanic record
3. ^ Current North American record
4. ^ Current African record