The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic. For persons with a Cognomen "Catulus" see Lutatius Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca It describes the Epicurean lifestyle of the poet and his friends, as well as, most famously, his love for the woman he calls Lesbia.

Contents 1 Sources and organization 2 Inspirations 3 Influence 4 Style 5 History of the texts of Catullus poems 5.1 Before the fourteenth century 5.2 The major source manuscripts up to the fourteenth century 5.2.1 Descriptions and history of the major source manuscripts 5.3 In print 5.4 In the twentieth century 6 Notes 7 References 8 Collections and Commentaries 9 External links

Sources and organization

Catullus's poems have been preserved in three manuscripts that were copied from one (of two) copies made from a lost manuscript discovered around 1300. These three surviving copies are stored at the National Library in Paris, the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and the Vatican Library in Rome. A national library is a Library specifically established by the Government of a country to serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The Vatican Library ( Latin: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana) is the Library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City. These manuscripts recorded Catullus's work in an anthology of 116 carmina (three of which are now considered spurious — 18, 19 and 20 — although the numbering has been retained), which can be divided into three formal parts: sixty short poems in varying metres, called polymetra, eight longer poems, and forty-eight epigrams. ANThology is the first Major label album by Alien Ant Farm released on March 6, 2001 in the USA and March 19 An epigram is a short Poem, often with a clever twist at the end or a concise and witty statement

There is no scholarly consensus on whether or not Catullus himself arranged the order of the poems. The longer poems differ from the polymetra and the epigrams not only in length but also in their subjects: There are seven hymns and one mini-epic, or epillion, the most highly-prized form for the "new poets". A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation

The polymetra and the epigrams can be divided into four major thematic groups (ignoring a rather large number of poems eluding such categorization):

• poems to and about his friends (e. A theme, from Old French tesme, is a broad idea in a story or literary work or a message or lesson conveyed by a written text g. , an invitation like poem 13).
• erotic poems: some of them indicate homosexual penchants (50 and 98), but most are about women, especially about one he calls "Lesbia" (in honour of the poetess Sappho of Lesbos, source and inspiration of many of his poems); philologists have taken considerable efforts to discover her real identity, and many concluded that Lesbia was Clodia, sister of the infamous Publius Clodius Pulcher and a woman known for her generous sexuality, but this identification rests on some rather fragile assumptions. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Lesbia was the pseudonym of the lover to whom the Roman Poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (84-54BC dedicates a number of poems Sappho (ˈsæfoʊ in English Attic Greek el Σαπφώ sapːʰɔː Aeolic Greek el Ψάπφω) was an Ancient Greek lyric Lesbos (Λέσβος also transliterated Lesvos, Midilli is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" Clodia, (born Claudia Pulchra Tercia ca 95 BC and often referred to in scholarship as Clodia Metelli ("Clodia the wife of Metellus" was the third daughter Publius Clodius Pulcher (born around 92 BC died January 18, 52 BC was a Roman Politician of the Populares  cause chiefly remembered for his In the 116 poems found of Catullus, the poet displays a wide range of highly emotional and seemingly contradictory responses to Lesbia, ranging from tender love poems, to sadness and disappointment, and bitter sarcasm. Sarcasm is stating the opposite of an intended meaning especially in order to sneeringly slyly jest or mock a person situation or thing
• invectives: some of these often rude and sometimes downright obscene poems are targeted at friends-turned-traitors (e. Libel is a verse genre primarily of the Renaissance, descended from the tradition of invective in classical Greek and Roman poetry Obscenity (in Latin obscenus, meaning "foul repulsive detestable" is a term that is most often used in a legal context to g. , poem 30) and other lovers of Lesbia, but many well known poets, politicians (e. Lesbia was the pseudonym of the lover to whom the Roman Poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (84-54BC dedicates a number of poems A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person g. , Julius Caesar) and rhetors, including Cicero, are thrashed as well. Rhetoric has had many definitions no simple definition can do it justice Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman However, many of these poems are humorous and craftily veil the sting of the attack. For example, Catullus writes a poem mocking a pretentious descendant of a freedman who emphasizes the letter "h" in his speech because it makes him sound more like a learned Greek by adding unnecessary Hs to words like insidias (ambush). A freedman is a former slave who has been manumitted or emancipated. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions
• condolences: some poems of Catullus are, in fact, serious in nature. See also Pity, Compassion, Condonance A feeling of worry or pity One poem, 96, comforts a friend in the death of a loved one (presumably his wife or mistress), while several others, most famously 101, lament the death of his dear brother. Catullus 101 is an Elegy poem written by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus.

All these poems describe the Epicurean lifestyle of Catullus and his friends, who, despite Catullus's temporary political post in Bithynia, lived withdrawn from politics. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions They were interested mainly in poetry and love. Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. Above all other qualities, Catullus seems to have sought venustas, or charm, in his acquaintances, a theme which he explores in a number of his poems. The ancient Roman concept of virtus (i. e. of virtue that had to be proved by a political or military career), which Cicero suggested as the solution to the societal problems of the late Republic, meant little to them. Virtue ( Latin virtus; Greek) is moral Excellence. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting individual Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the

But it is not the traditional notions Catullus rejects, merely their monopolized application to the vita activa of politics and war. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units Indeed, he tries to reinvent these notions from a personal point of view and to introduce them into human relationships. For example, he applies the word fides, which traditionally meant faithfulness towards one's political allies, to his relationship with Lesbia and reinterprets it as unconditional faithfulness in love. So, despite seeming frivolity of his lifestyle, Catullus measured himself and his friends by quite ambitious standards.

Inspirations

Catullus deeply admired Sappho and Callimachus - Catullus 51 is largely a translation of a poem of the former. Sappho (ˈsæfoʊ in English Attic Greek el Σαπφώ sapːʰɔː Aeolic Greek el Ψάπφω) was an Ancient Greek lyric Callimachus ( Greek:, 310 BC/305 BC-240 BC was a native of the Greek colony of Cyrene, Libya. He was also inspired by the corruption of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and the other aristocrats of his time. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation

Influence

Catullus was a popular poet in the Renaissance and a central model for the neo-Latin love elegy. By 1347 Petrarch was an admirer and imitator who read the ancient poet in the Verona codex (the "V" manuscript). Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar Catullus also influenced other humanist poets, including Panormita, Pontano, and Marullus. Antonio Beccadelli (1394 &ndash 1471 called Il Panormita (poetic form meaning "The Palermitan " was an Italian poet Canon lawyer Iovianus Pontanus ( Italian Giovanni Gioviano Pontano) (1426 ‑ September 17, 1503) was an Italian humanist and Poet Julius Caesar is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599 ^[1]

Catullus influenced many English poets, including Andrew Marvell and Robert Herrick. Andrew Marvell ( 31 March 1621 &ndash 16 August 1678) was an English metaphysical poet, and the son of a Church of Robert Herrick (baptized August 24 1591 &ndashburied 15 October 1674) was a 17th century English Poet. Ben Jonson and Christopher Marlowe wrote imitations of his shorter poems, particularly Catullus 5, and John Milton wrote of the poet's "Satyirical sharpness, or naked plainness. Benjamin Jonson ( c 11 June 1572 &ndash 6 August 1637) was an English Renaissance Dramatist Catullus 5 is a passionate and perhaps the most famous poem by Catullus. John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and "^[2]

He has been praised as a lyricist and translated by writers including Thomas Campion, William Wordsworth, and Louis Zukofsky. Thomas Campion, (sometimes Campian) (12 February 1567 &ndash 1 March 1620 was an English Composer, poet and Physician. Louis Zukofsky ( January 23, 1904 – May 12, 1978) was one of the most important second-generation American ^[2]

Style

Catullus wrote in many different meters including hendecasyllabic and elegiac couplets (common in love poetry). Hendecasyllable verse (in Italian endecasillabo) is a kind of verse used mostly in Italian Poetry, defined by its having the last Elegiac couplets are a poetic form used by Greek lyric poets for a variety of themes usually of smaller scale than those of epic poetry All of his poetry shows strong and occasionally wild emotions especially in regard to Lesbia. Lesbia was the pseudonym of the lover to whom the Roman Poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (84-54BC dedicates a number of poems He also demonstrates a great sense of humour such as in Catullus 13.

Many of the literary techniques he used are still common today, including hyperbaton: plenus saculus est aranearum (Catullus 13), which translates as ‘[my] purse is all full – of cobwebs. Hyperbaton is a Figure of speech in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect ’ He also uses anaphora eg. Salve, nec minimo puella naso nec bello pede nec…(Catullus 43) as well as tricolon and alliteration. A tricolon ( pl tricola is a sentence with three clearly defined parts ( cola) of equal length usually independent clauses and of increasing power Alliteration is the repetition of the first Consonant sound in a phrase He is also very fond of diminutives such as in Catullus 50: Hestero, Licini, die otiose/multum lusimus in meis tabellis – Yesterday, Licinius, was a day of leisure/ playing many games in my little note books.

History of the texts of Catullus poems

Far more than for major Classical poets such as Virgil and Horace, the text of Catullus' poems is in corrupt condition, with omissions and disputable word choices present in many of the poems, making textual analysis and even conjectural changes important in the study of his poems. ^[3]

A single book of poems by Catullus barely survived the millennia, and the texts of a great many of the poems are considered corrupted to one extent or another from hand transmission of manuscript to manuscript. Even an early scribe lamented the poor condition of the poem and announced to readers that he was not to blame:^[3]

“

You, reader, whoever you are to whose hands this book may find its way, grant pardon to the scribe if you think it corrupt. For he transcribed it from an exemplar which was itself very corrupt. Indeed, there was nothing else available, from which he could have the opportunity of copying this book; and in order to assemble something from this rough and ready source, he decided that it was better to have it in a corrupt state than not to have it at all, while hoping still to be able to correct it from another copy which might happen to emerge. Fare you well, if you do not curse him.

”

Even in the twentieth century, not all the major manuscripts were known to all major scholars (or at least the importance of all of the major manuscripts was not recognized), and some important scholarly works on Catullus don't refer to them. ^[3]

Before the fourteenth century

In the Middle Ages, Catullus appears to have been barely known. In one of the few references to his poetry, Isadore of Seville quotes from the poet in the seventh century. Saint Isidore of Seville ( Spanish: es ''San Isidro'' or es ''San Isidoro de Sevilla'' Latin: latin ''Isidorus Hispalensis'' (c In 966 Bishop Rather of Verona, the poet's hometown, discovered a manuscript of his poems "and reproached himself for spending day and night with Catullus' poetry. Ratherius (890-974 was a Teacher, Writer, and Bishop. His political work led to his becoming an Exile and a wanderer " No more information on any Catullus manuscript is known again until about 1300. ^[1]

The major source manuscripts up to the fourteenth century

A small number of manuscripts were the main vehicles for preserving Catullus' poems, known by these capital-letter names. Other, minor source manuscripts are designated with lower-case letters.

In summary, these are the relationship of major Catullus manuscripts:

• The V manuscript spawned A, which spawned O and X. The X manuscript then spawned G and R; and T is some kind of distant relative
• O, G, R and T are known exactly, but V is lost, and we have no direct knowledge of A and X, which are deduced by scholars.

Descriptions and history of the major source manuscripts

• T — ninth-century — contains only Catullus 62

• V — As with the T manuscript, it was probably created in Carolingian times; it became known in the late 13th or early 14th century (late 1200s to early 1300s)^[3] — a manuscript found in Verona and also known as the Verona Codex, is said to have been found under a bushel^[1], and "clearly available to various Paduan and Veronese humanists in the period 1290 – 1310". ^[3] Benvenuto de Campesanis "celebrated the discovery as the poet's resurrection from the dead". ^[1] This manuscript is now lost. V was the sole source of nearly all of the poet's surviving work. It was a "late and corrupt copy which was already the despair of its earliest scribes. " Scholars had thought this manuscript spawned some of the following manuscipts, but many now think they may well have derived from an intermediate source, called A. ^[3]

• A — late 13th to sometime in the 14th century — created from V soon after V was discovered in Verona, a scholar-deduced intermediate source of the O and X manuscripts. Its existence is deduced from the titles and divisions of the poems of the O, X, G and R manuscripts. ^[3]

• X — probably sometime in the 14th century — scholars deduced the existence of this manuscript as a direct source of the later O manuscript. If X existed, it is lost. ^[3]

• O — last third of the fourteenth century — now thought to be a source of the G and R manuscripts. Its importance was not presented to the public until R. Ellis brought out Catulli Veronensis Liber in 1867 (Oxford). ^[3]

• G and R — last third of the fourteenth century — two manuscripts with close textual "proximity" that "make it clear that these two descend together" from some source. In about 1391, the X manuscript was copied for the humanist Coluccio Salutati, the chancellor of Florence. Coluccio Salutati ( February 16 1331 &ndash May 4 1406) was an Italian man of letters and one of the most important political and cultural leaders This copy is the R manuscript. Coluccio added some important marginal readings, now called "R2" (with the "2" in superscript, as in a footnote). Some of this material comes from the X manuscript because it is also present in G. The R manuscript, lost through an error in cataloging, was dramatically rediscovered in a dusty corner of the Vatican Library by the American scholar W. G. Hale in 1896. It helped form the basis of Ellis' Oxford Classical Text of Catullus in 1904, but didn't receive wide recognition until 1970, when it was printed in a facsimile edition by D. F. S. Thompson: The Codex Romanus of Catullus: A Collation of the Text (RhM 113: 97-110). ^[3]

In print

In 1472 the text was first really printed in Venice by printer Wendelin von Speyer. The brothers Johann and Wendelin of Speyer (also known as de Speier and by their Italian names of Giovanni and Vendelino da Spira) were German There were many manuscripts in circulation by this time. A second printed edition appeared the following year in Parma by Francesco Puteolano, who stated that he made extensive corrections of the previous edition. ^[3]

Over the next hundred years, Poliziano, Scaliger and other humanists worked on the text and "dramatically improved" it, according to Stephen J. Angelo Ambrogini, best known as Poliziano ( July 14, 1454 &ndash September 24, 1494) was a Florentine Classical Harrison: "the apparatus criticus of any modern edition bears eloquent witness to the activities of these fifteenth and sixteenth-century scholars. "^[3]

The divisions of poems gradually approached something very close to the modern divisions, especially with the 1577 edition of Joseph J. Scaliger, Catulli Properti Tibulli nova editio (Paris). ^[3]

"Sixteenth century Paris was an especially lively center of Catullan scholarship," one Catullus scholar has written. Scaliger's edition took a "novel approach to textual criticism. Scaliger argued that all Catullus manuscripts descended from a single, lost archetype. . . . His attempt to reconstruct the characteristics of the lost archetype was also highly original. [. . . ] [I]n the tradition of classical philology, there was no precedent for so detailed an effort at reconstruction of a lost witness. "^[1]

In 1876, Emil Baehrens brought out the first version of his edition, Catulli Veronensis Liber (two volumes; Leipzig), which basically constituted the text from G and O alone (with a number of emendations). Paul Heinrich Emil Baehrens (24 September 1848 – 26th September 1888 was a German classical scholar ^[3]

In the twentieth century

The 1949 Oxford Classical Text by R. A. B. Mynors, partly because of its wide availability, has become the standard text, at least in the English-speaking world. ^[3]

One very influential article in Catullus scholarship, R. G. M. Nisbet's "Notes on the text and interpretation of Catullus" (available in Nisbet's Collected Papers on Latin Literature, Oxford, 1995), gave Nisbet's own conjectural solutions to more than 20 problematic passages of the poems. He also revived a number of older conjectures, going as far back as Renaissance scholarship, which editors had ignored. ^[3]

Another influential text of Catullus poems, is that of George P. Goold, Catullus (London, 1983). ^[3]

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} [1]Dhuga, Umit S. , "Catullus at the Folger", an article in Newsletter of the Friends of Amherst College Library, Vol. 27, 2000-2001, accessed at the Amherst College Web site on February 13, 2007
2. ^ ^{a b} [2]Web page titled "Lucius Metellus Catullus" at the Academy of American Poets Web site, accessed February 13, 2007
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q} [3]Harrison, Stephen J. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. , Notes on the text and interpretation of Catullus, Google HTML version; for the original WordPad document available on the Web: [4], both versions accessed January 12, 2007

References

Oxford Latin Reader, by Maurice Balme and James Morwood (1997)

Collections and Commentaries

• Ancona, R (2004). Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Writing Passion: A Catullus Reader. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. ISBN 978-0-86516-482-6.  

• Garrison, DH (2004). The Student's Catullus, 3rd edition, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-80613-635-6.  

• Arnold, B; Aronson A, Kawall G (2000). Love and Betrayal: A Catullus Reader. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13043-345-9.  

• Bender, HV; Forsyth PY (2005). Catullus: Expanded Edition. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. ISBN 978-0-86516-603-5.  

• Forsyth, PY (2002). The Poems of Catullus: A Teaching Text. Lanham MD: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-81915-151-3.  

• Fordyce, CJ (1990). Catullus. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19872-147-5.  

• Thomson, DFS (2003). Catullus: Edited with a Textual and Interpretative Commentary, revised edition, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.  

External links

• Catullus' work in Latin and over 25 other languages at Catullus Translations: http://www.negenborn.net/catullus/
• Find other Catullus-minded people and discuss his works with them at the Catullus Forum: http://www.negenborn.net/catullus/forum/
• The complete poems of Catullus at The Latin Library: http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/catullus.shtml
• Summer Lyrics Short essay on Catullus by Morgan Meis of 3 Quarks Daily
• Poems of Catullus in Latin/English:
  http://www.vroma.org/~hwalker/VRomaCatullus/list.html
• CATULLUS PURIFIED: A BRIEF HISTORY OF CARMEN 16
• Catullus: text, concordances and frequency list

Poems (Carmina) of The Roman poet Catullus
Lesbia poems	2, 2b, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 36, 37, 51, 58, 68, 70, 72, 75, 76, 79, 83, 85, 86, 87, 91, 92, 104, 107, 109
Invective poems	10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 49, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 60, 69, 71, 73, 74, 77, 78, 80, 84, 88, 89, 90, 93, 95, 97, 98, 103, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 116
Unusual poetic meters	4, 8, 11, 17, 22, 25, 29, 30, 31, 34, 37, 39, 44, 51, 52, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64
Hendecasyllabic verse	1, 2, 2b, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 14b, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 58b
Elegiac couplets	65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116
See also the list of poems by Catullus. The Latin Library is a website that collects Public domain Latin texts Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC For persons with a Cognomen "Catulus" see Lutatius Gaius Valerius Catullus (ca Lesbia was the pseudonym of the lover to whom the Roman Poet Gaius Valerius Catullus (84-54BC dedicates a number of poems Catullus 2 is a renowned poem by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus ( c. Catullus 2 is a renowned poem by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus ( c. Catullus 5 is a passionate and perhaps the most famous poem by Catullus. The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Catullus 85 is a Poem by the Roman poet Catullus for his mistress Lesbia. The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Libel is a verse genre primarily of the Renaissance, descended from the tradition of invective in classical Greek and Roman poetry Catullus 12 is a Poem by the Roman poet Catullus. In it he chides Asinius Marrucinus for stealing one of his napkins calling it uncouth and noting the The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Catullus 16 is famous among Catullus 's Carmina because it is so sexually explicit that a full English translation was not openly published until the late twentieth The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic In Poetry, the meter or metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse. Catullus 4 is a poem by the ancient Roman writer Catullus. The poem concerns the retirement of a well-traveled ship Catullus draws a strong analogy with human aging rendering The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Catullus 64 is an Epyllion or "little epic" poem written by Catullus. The Hendecasyllabic verse is a Quantitative metre used by Catullus. Catullus 1 is traditionally arranged first among the poems of the Roman poet Catullus, though it was not necessarily the first poem that he wrote Catullus 2 is a renowned poem by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus ( c. Catullus 2 is a renowned poem by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus ( c. Catullus 5 is a passionate and perhaps the most famous poem by Catullus. Catullus 12 is a Poem by the Roman poet Catullus. In it he chides Asinius Marrucinus for stealing one of his napkins calling it uncouth and noting the The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Catullus 16 is famous among Catullus 's Carmina because it is so sexually explicit that a full English translation was not openly published until the late twentieth The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Elegiac couplets are a poetic form used by Greek lyric poets for a variety of themes usually of smaller scale than those of epic poetry The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Catullus 85 is a Poem by the Roman poet Catullus for his mistress Lesbia. The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic Catullus 101 is an Elegy poem written by the Roman poet Gaius Valerius Catullus. The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic The poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus was written towards the end of the Roman Republic This article lists the poems of Catullus and their various properties

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