Podlachia, Podlesia, or Podlasie is a historical region in the eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. Krzna is a river in Poland 's Lublin Voivodeship. Over 120 Km in length it meets the Bug river on the Belarusian border near Międzyrzec Podlaski ( Lat Meserici, Meseritz is a city in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east It is located between the Biebrza River in the north and its natural continuation to the south — the Polesie area. Biebrza Podlaskie Voivodeship Biebrza ( Bobra) is a River in north-eastern Poland, a tributary of the Narew river (near Wizna) with The region is called Podlasie, Podlasko or, Podlasze in Polish, Падляшша Padljašša in Belarusian, Підлісся Pidlissja, Підлясіє Pidljasije, Підляшшя Pidlyashya or Підляхія Pidljaxija in Ukrainian, Palenkė in Lithuanian, Подлясье Podljas’e in Russian, and Podlachia in Latin. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.
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Name
There are two opinions regarding the origin of the name of the region. The first one, albeit popular, has to be called unscholarly. Commonly people derive it from the Slavic word les or las meaning "forest", i. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages e. , it is an "by the wood(s)" or "area of forests", making Podlachia close in meaning to adjacent Polesia. The theory seems false as it does not properly take into consideration the vowel shifts "a" > "e" > "i" in various Slavic languages (in fact, it mixes vowels form different languages). It also seems false due to the fact that at the time when the name originated (13th century) the area was cultivated and not covered with forests. (It became covered whith forests only a century later, as a result of depopulation when the Yotvingian population was subdued (enslaved and deported or exterminated) and the area previously inhabited by them was divided among Lithuania, Teutonic order and Mazovia). Yotvingians or Sudovians (also called Suduvians, Jatvians, or Jatvingians in English (Jotvingiai Sūduviai Jatvingi Jaćwingowie Яцьвягі Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Masovia or Mazovia (Mazowsze is a geographic and historic region situated in eastern Poland 's Masovian Plain.
The second opinion, a better justified and documented one, tells that the term comes from the expression pod Lachem, i. e. , "under the Poles" (see: Lechia). Some claim it to mean "under Polish rule" which does not seem historically sound, as the area belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1795. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje A better variant of this theory holds that the name originates from the period when the territory was within the Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, along the borderline with the Mazovia province, primarily a fief of the Poland of the Piasts and later on part of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons. Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship (Trakų vaivadija Województwo Trockie was a unit of administrative division and local government The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje Masovia or Mazovia (Mazowsze is a geographic and historic region situated in eastern Poland 's Masovian Plain. The Kingdom of Poland ( pol Królestwo Polskie, lat Regnum Poloniae, ukr The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state created by the accession of Wladislaus II Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania, to Hence pod Lachem would mean "near the Poles", "along the border with Poland". The historical Lithuanian name of the region, Palenkė, has exactly this meaning.
At present the name of Podlachia is used primarily for the Polish part of the region, which is traditionally divided between the northern (north of Bug River) and southern Podlachia. The Bug or Buh River (Bug; Західний Буг Zakhidnyy Buh; Захо́дні Буг Zakhodni Buh; Западный Буг Zapadnyy Bug The northern part of Podlachia is included in the Podlachia Voivodship.
History
Throughout its early history, the Podlachia area was inhabited by various tribes of different ethnic roots. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the area was likely inhabited by Lechitic tribes in the south and Baltic (Yotvingian) tribes in the north. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Balts or Baltic peoples (People who live by the Baltic Sea) defined as speakers of one of the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European Yotvingians or Sudovians (also called Suduvians, Jatvians, or Jatvingians in English (Jotvingiai Sūduviai Jatvingi Jaćwingowie Яцьвягі Between the 10th and 13th centuries, Podlachia was occupied by Ruthenian tribes, probably from Volhynia, speaking a form of proto-Ukrainian. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Until the 14th century the area was part of Ruthenian states, and was later annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Ruthenia is a geographic and culturo-ethnic name applied to the parts of Eastern Europe populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to the past various The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje In 1569, after the Union of Lublin, the western part of Podlachia was ceded to the Kingdom of Poland. The Union of Lublin (Liublino unija Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія Polish: Unia See also Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish Diet in 1505 transferred all Legislative power Southern Podlachia belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
Ethnic situation
Podlachia is the land of the confluence of cultures – Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Lithuanian – and is indicative of the ethnic territories limits. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Eastward of Podlachia lie ethnicaly non-Polish lands, while westward ethnicaly non-Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Belarusian) and non-Lithuanian lands do. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Today, mainly Polish and Ruthenian (Ukrainian and Belarusian) is spoken in Podlachia, while Lithuanian is preserved by the small but compact Lithuanian minority concentrated in the Sejny County. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Ruthenian (also Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. Lithuanian minority in Poland consists of 5639 people living chiefly in the Podlaskie Voivodeship in the north-eastern part of Poland (according to the Polish
Until the 19th century, Podlachia was populated by the Polish-speaking gentry, Jews (primarily in towns), and Ruthenian Orthodox and Greek-Catholics speaking a dialect related to modern Ukrainian - the so-called Khakhlak (Chachlak) dialect, which derived its name from a derogatory term for Ukrainians (khakhol or khokhol being the name of the traditional haircut of Ukrainian Cossacks). The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Khokhol (хохо́л khokhol) a Russian term used to describe a style of man's Haircut that features a lock of hair sprouting from the top or the Haircut redirects here For the financial term see Haircut (finance. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern In the 19th century, the inhabitants of Podlachia were under the rule of the Russian Empire, with southern Podlachia constituting a part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye After 1831, Russian authorities forbade the Greek-Catholic faith in northern Podlachia and it disappeared from the area. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a In 1875, Russians forbade this rite in southern Podlachia as well, and all Greek-Catholic inhabitants were forced to accept the Eastern Orthodox faith. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world However, the resistance of the local people was surprisingly strong and Ruthenian speakers from this area rejected the Orthodox faith. In 1874, Wincenty Lewoniuk and 12 companions were killed by Russian soldiers in Pratulin. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In reaction to these measures, the Ruthenians of Podlachia began to identify themselves with the national movement of the Catholic Poles.
In 1912, Russian authorities issued a tolerance edict that made it possible to change confessions from Orthodox to Roman Catholic (but not to Greek-Catholic). Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting A majority of the inhabitants of southern Podlachia changed their faith from Orthodox to Roman Catholic. At present, very few people in Podlachia continue speaking Ruthenian (Ukrainian) and nearly all consider themselves Poles. Ruthenian (also Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The counties along the border with Belarus are populated by Belarusians. Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also There is a small Tatar minority as well. The Lipka Tatars (also known as Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, Lipkowie or Muślimi) are a group of Tatars living on the lands
Major Towns and Cities
External links
Białystok Lublin Voivodeship Białystok (also known by alternative names) is the largest City in northeastern Poland. Biała Podlaska is a town in eastern Poland with 58047 inhabitants (2005 Międzyrzec Podlaski ( Lat Meserici, Meseritz is a city in Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. Bielsk Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Bielsk Podlaski is an Urban Gmina (Polish gmina miejska) (Town in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship Hajnówka ( Belarusian: Гайнаўка, 'ɣajnau̯ka is a Town and a Powiat seat in north-eastern Poland ( Podlaskie VoivodeshipDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic