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Podgorica (Montenegrin: Подгорица, Podgorica IPA: [ˈpɔdgɔˌriʦa]) is the capital and largest city of Montenegro. European Summer Time is the arrangement in Europe by which clocks are advanced by one hour in Spring to make the most of seasonal daylight Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time This is a list of dialing codes by town in Montenegro. Until Montenegro gained independence from Serbia and Montenegro, the nation was accessed through the international are the Montenegrin car license plate codes by municipality and in alphabetical order List of Postal codes in Montenegro: 81000-81999 81000 - Podgorica 81101 - Podgorica 1 81102 - Podgorica ISO 3166-2ME is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes It is the subset of ISO 3166-2 that applies to Montenegro. Montenegrin language ( Cyrillic script: Црногорски језик, Latin: Crnogorski jezik) is the name given to the Ijekavian- Shtokavian Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! It is at , 44m above sea level.
A census in 2003 put the city's population at 136,473. Its favourable position, at the confluence of the Ribnica and Morača rivers and the meeting point of the fertile Zeta plain and Bjelopavlići Valley has encouraged settlement. The Ribnica River is a small river that runs through Podgorica, Montenegro. Morača ( Serbian Cyrillic: Морача is a river in Montenegro. Zeta Plain is a fertile lowland in Montenegro. It stretches from Podgorica in the north to the Skadar Lake in the The city is close to winter ski centres in the north and seaside resorts on the Adriatic Sea.
The municipality of Podgorica contains 10. 4% of Montenegro's territory and 27. 3% of its population. It is the administrative centre of Montenegro and its economic, cultural and educational focus.
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Name
The name means "under the Gorica" in Montenegrin. Montenegrin language ( Cyrillic script: Црногорски језик, Latin: Crnogorski jezik) is the name given to the Ijekavian- Shtokavian Gorica (meaning "little mountain") is the name of the hill that overlooks the city centre.
About 3km northwest of Podgorica are the ruins of Doclea, a town known in pre-Roman and Roman times. Duklja or Diokletija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дукља or Диоклетија; Latin: Doclea or Diocleia; Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Roman Emperor Diocletian came from this region. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate In later centuries, Romans "corrected" the name to Dioclea, guessing wrongly that an "i" had been lost in vulgar speech. "Duklja" is the later (Slavic) version of that word.
When founded (before the 11th century), the town was called Birziminium. In the Middle Ages, it was known as Ribnica. The name Podgorica was used from 1326. From 1946 to 1992 it was called Titograd. During Josip Broz Tito 's presidency and in the years following his death in 1980 several places in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were named or renamed in honor
History
Podgorica is at the crossroads of several important routes: the rivers Zeta, Morača, Cijevna, Ribnica, and Sitnica, in the valley of Skadar lake and near the Adriatic Sea, in fertile lowlands with favourable climate. A crossroads (the word rarely appears in singular is a Road junction, where two or more Roads meet (there are three or more arms Zeta ( Serbian Cyrillic: Зета) is a river in Montenegro. It starts near Nikšić, under the Planinica hill flows eastwards for Morača ( Serbian Cyrillic: Морача is a river in Montenegro. Cijevna ( Serbian Cyrillic: Цијевна; Albanian: Cemi) is a river that flows through Albania and Montenegro The Ribnica River is a small river that runs through Podgorica, Montenegro. The Sitnica River is a river that flows through Podgorica, Montenegro. Lake Scutari, also called Lake Skadar ( Albanian: Liqeni i Shkodrës, Serbian: Скадарско језеро / Skadarsko jezero The earliest human settlements were in prehistory: the oldest physical remains are from the late Stone Age. The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking In the Illyrian age, the area between the Zeta and Bjelopavlići valleys was occupied by two Illyrian tribes, the Labeates and the Docleats. Illyria ( Albanian Iliria ( Ancient Greek; Latin Illyria; see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the Zeta Plain is a fertile lowland in Montenegro. It stretches from Podgorica in the north to the Skadar Lake in the Illyrian tribes or possibly or partly Illyrian tribes or tribes inhabiting lands known as Illyria. Illyrian tribes or possibly or partly Illyrian tribes or tribes inhabiting lands known as Illyria.
The Labeati occupied the area from Skadar to today's Podgorica. Shkodër (Shkodër or Shkodra is a city located on Lake Shkodër in northwestern Albania in the District They had their own fortress, Meteon (now Medun) and a well-developed way of life, especially militarily. Medun (Medeon Meteon is an old town and fortress situated 13 kilometers northeast from Podgorica, Montenegro.
Docleats also lived in the valley of the Zeta River and, thanks to the fertile plain and favourable geographical and road position, enjoyed fast economic growth. Zeta ( Serbian Cyrillic: Зета) is a river in Montenegro. It starts near Nikšić, under the Planinica hill flows eastwards for Their biggest settlement was Doclea, a city about 3km northwest of today's Podgorica and which reflected the local terrain. Duklja or Diokletija ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дукља or Диоклетија; Latin: Doclea or Diocleia; The population of the city was 8,000-10,000, in which all core urban issues were resolved. The high population density (in an area of about 10km radius) was made possible by the geographical position, favourable climate and economic conditions and by the defensive positions that were of great importance at that time.
From the 5th century, with the arrival of the first Slavic and Avar tribes and the beginning of the break-up of the Roman Empire, the area bore witness to many noteworthy events. The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial With time, the fortifications ceased their function and new towns were built. Slavic groups in the area were in constant war with Byzantium and tended to establish a new state. The result was establishment of a new settlement that was probably named after the river Ribnica on whose banks it was built. The first mention of Ribnica is during the rule of the Serbian royal family of the Nemanjići. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country The House of Nemanjić ( Serbian: Немањићи Nemanjići; Anglicised: Nemanyid; German: Nemanjiden) was a medieval The importance of Ribnica was its position as crossroads in communications with the west. In occupying these areas, the Slavs created a new state and developed their own culture and art, acceptable to the mediaeval church and feudal class.
The name Podgorica is first mentioned in 1326 in a court document of the Kotor archive. Kotor ( Cyrillic script: Котор Acruvium Greek Askrèvion, Ασκρηβιον; Italian Cattaro is a coastal town in Montenegro The city was economically strong: trade routes between Dubrovnik and the State of Nemanjici, well developed at that time, were maintained via the road that led to Podgorica through Trebinje and Nikšić. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||} Dubrovnik (ˈdǔbro̞ːʋniːk Dalmatian: Ragusa; Latin: Ragusium, also Rhausium, Rhaugia; Trebinje ( Cyrillic: Требиње is the Southern most Municipality and Town in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Nikšić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Никшић is a city in Montenegro ( As a busy crossroads, Podgorica was a vibrant centre of trade and communication. These augmented its development, economic power, military strength and strategic importance. The Turkish occupation of Podgorica in 1474 interrupted its economic, cultural and artistic development. The Turks built a large fortress in Podgorica and the existing settlement, with its highly developed merchant connections, became the main defensive and attacking bastion against rebellious tribes. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The fortified city, with towers, gates and defensive ramparts, enabled the Turks to resist all attacks. In 1864, Podgorica became a township (kaza) of İşkodra vilayet as Böğürtlen (Turkish "Blackberry"). A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government Shkodër (Shkodër or Shkodra is a city located on Lake Shkodër in northwestern Albania in the District It was also known Burguriçe in Albanian. Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco -
In accordance with the decision of the Berlin Congress in 1878, Podgorica was integrated to Montenegro. See also Berlin Conference (1884-85 re Africa and Berlin Conference of 1954 (Cold War Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! This was the end of four centuries of Turkish occupation and the start of a new era in the development of Podgorica and Montenegro. The city developed quickly and became a strong market. The first forms of capital concentration were seen. In 1904 the first significant financial institution was formed – Zetska savings bank. A savings bank is a Financial institution whose primary purpose is accepting Savings deposits This would soon grow into Podgorička bank. Roads were built to all neighbouring towns and, in 1902, a tobacco plant became Podgorica's first significant commercial company. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Between the two world wars, the population of Podgorica was about 13,000.
Podgorica suffered heavily during World War II: it was bombarded over 70 times and razed to the ground, with the deaths of over 4,100 people. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It was liberated on December 19, 1944. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Under the name of Titograd, the city became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro on 13 July 1946. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. After this, there was a general transformation: material, personnel and scientific/technical potential increased; education experienced strong growth; many new cultural and health institutions were founded. Modern road and air links were established to other parts of Montenegro and beyond. It rapidly became the commercial, socio-economic and cultural centre of the country.
The name of Podgorica was reinstated on April 2, 1992. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)
The destructive Yugoslav wars bypassed Montenegro, but the whole country was greatly affected economically. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and A period of severe economic stagnation lasted through the 1990s. Economic stagnation, often called simply stagnation is a prolonged period of slow Economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth The economy began to recover in the early years of the 21st century, when Podgorica began to emerge as a modern pro-western city. It became capital of the sovereign state of Montenegro on 3 June 2006, which added to its significance as a regional centre and boosted its economic prospects. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Population
Although medium-sized by European standards, Podgorica is by far the largest city in Montenegro: almost one third of Montenegrins live there. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! There are about 170,000 people in the Podgorica municipality, including the small towns of Tuzi and Golubovci. The Battle for Independence Tuzi is the site for the first Albanian uprising since the time of Gjergj Kastrioti - Skenderbeg in 1443 Demographics Montenegrins - 1807 Serbs - 885 Muslims - 10 Albanians - 15 No About 140,000 people live in the city itself. (This is the official data from the 2003 census, but there are estimates of up to 200,000).
(If the methodology used up to 1991 had been used in the 2003 census, Podgorica city proper would have 140,734 citizens, while the Municipality of Podgorica would have a population of 179,401)
Population of Podgorica (city)
| Census | Population |
|---|---|
| 1948 | 14,369 |
| 1953 | 19,868 |
| 1961 | 35,054 |
| 1971 | 61,727 |
| 1981 | 96,074 |
| 1991 | 117,875 |
| 2003 | 136,473 |
Population of Podgorica (municipality)
| Census | Population |
|---|---|
| 1948 | 48,599 |
| 1953 | 55,669 |
| 1961 | 72,319 |
| 1971 | 98,796 |
| 1981 | 132,290 |
| 1991 | 179,401 |
| 2003 | 169,132 |
Ethnicity in 2003
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Montenegrins | 96,343 | 56. Montenegrins ( Serbian: Црногорци/ Crnogorci) are a South Slavic people closely akin to the Serbs, associated to Montenegro 96% |
| Serbs | 44,423 | 26. Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, 26% |
| Albanians | 19,341 | 11. } Albanians (Shqiptarët are an Ethnic group and a Nation, in the sense of sharing a common Albanian culture speaking the Albanian language 42% |
| Muslims | 4,399 | 2. Muslims by nationality ( Muslimani, Муслимани was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of 60% |
| Bosniaks | 2,307 | 1. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" 36% |
| Roma | 1,389 | 0. The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins 82% |
| Croats | 709 | 0. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries 42% |
Economy
Podgorica is not only the administrative centre of Montenegro but also its main economic engine. Most of Montenegro's industrial, financial and commercial base is in Podgorica.
Before World War I, most of Podgorica's economy was in trade and small-scale manufacture - an economic model established during the long rule of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish After World War II, Podgorica became Montenegro's capital and a focus of the rapid urbanisation and industrialisation of the Yugoslav era. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Industries such as aluminium and tobacco processing, textiles, engineering, vehicle production and industrialised wine production were established in and around the city. WikipediaNaming Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. The Textile industry (also known in the United Kingdom and Australia as the Rag Trade) is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice
The Yugoslav wars, and the dissolution of Yugoslavia left Podgorica's industries without markets, suppliers or funds to invest and modernise equipment. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and This led to a decline of many factories, some of which closed down. Those surviving were privatised and have now largely recovered. Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business The Podgorica aluminium smelter (Kombinat aluminijuma Podgorica - KAP, owned by Rusal) and AD Plantaže (a wine and brandy making company) are still among the biggest companies in Podgorica. Kombinat Aluminijuma Podgorica - KAP ( MNSE: KAPG is an Aluminium processing plant located 10km south of Podgorica, Montenegro United Company Rusal (Российский алюминий is the world's largest Aluminium company Plantaže ( MNSE: PLAP is Montenegrin Wine and grape brandy producer
In the early 21st century, Podgorica's financial and service sector expanded rapidly and its economy became more service-oriented. The two Podgorica stock markets (Montenegro and NEX) now have more turnover than those in much larger cities. A stock market, or (equity market is a private or public market for the trading of company Stock and derivatives of company The Montenegro Stock Exchange ( MNSE) is a Stock exchange located in Podgorica, Montenegro. The New Securities Stock Exchange or NEX Stock Exchange ( NEX) is a Stock exchange located in Podgorica, Montenegro. Economic activity in Podgorica has mostly shifted from heavy industries to telecommunications, construction and banking. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money Investors and foreign companies which open outlets in Podgorica add significantly to the growth and diversification of its economy.
As a side effect, the prices of property and development land in the centre of Podgorica have increased greatly. This is expected to continue, since Podgorica became the capital of a sovereign state in 2006.
Geography
Podgorica is located in central Montenegro. The area is crossed with rivers and the city itself is only 15km north of Lake Skadar. Lake Scutari, also called Lake Skadar ( Albanian: Liqeni i Shkodrës, Serbian: Скадарско језеро / Skadarsko jezero The Morača and Ribnica rivers flow through the city, while the Zeta, Cijevna, Sitnica and Mareza flow nearby. Morača ( Serbian Cyrillic: Морача is a river in Montenegro. The Ribnica River is a small river that runs through Podgorica, Montenegro. Zeta ( Serbian Cyrillic: Зета) is a river in Montenegro. It starts near Nikšić, under the Planinica hill flows eastwards for Cijevna ( Serbian Cyrillic: Цијевна; Albanian: Cemi) is a river that flows through Albania and Montenegro The Sitnica River is a river that flows through Podgorica, Montenegro. Mareza ( Serbian Cyrillic: Мареза is a river in Montenegro. This richness in bodies of water is a major feature of the city.
In contrast to most of Montenegro, Podgorica lies in a mainly flat area at the northern end of the Zeta plain. The only exceptions are hills which overlook the city. The most significant is Gorica Hill (107m), which rises above the city centre. The other hills include Malo brdo (Little hill), Velje brdo (Big hill), Ljubović and Čardak. In the main, these are too steep for development and thus limit the city's expansion, especially to the north.
Climate
Podgorica has a typical Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Snow is almost unknown. "Snowfall" redirects here For other uses see Snow (disambiguation or Snowfall (disambiguation. The mean annual rainfall is 1544mm. The temperature exceeds 25°C on about 135 days each year and the median daily temperature is 16. 4°C. Podgorica is particularly known for its extremely hot summers: temperatures over 40°C are common in July and August. The highest temperature recorded was 45. 8°C, on 16 August 2007. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
Culture
Podgorica is home to many Montenegrin cultural institutions and events. It hosts the Montenegrin National Theatre and a number of museums and galleries. The Montenegrin National Theatre (Crnogorsko Narodno Pozorište is located in Montenegrin capital of Podgorica.
The Montenegrin National Theatre is the most significant theatre not only in Podgorica but in all of Montenegro. Podgorica is also host to the City Theatre (Gradsko pozorište), which includes the Children's Theatre and the Puppet Theatre.
Although not as rich in museums and galleries as the historic royal capital Cetinje, there are several noteworthy museums:
- The Podgorica City Museum (Muzej grada Podgorice) preserves Podgorica's rich heritage. Cetinje ( Montenegrin: Цетиње Cetinje, Serbian: Цетиње Cetinje, Croatian: Cetinje, Bosnian: Founded in 1950, it has four categories: archaeological, ethnographic, historical and cultural-historical. It houses artefacts which date back to the Roman and Illyrian eras. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as
- The Archaeological Research Centre (Centar za arheološka istraživanja) was founded in 1961. Its mission is to gather, classify, restore and display archaeological sites.
- The Museum of Marko Miljanov (Muzej Marka Miljanova) in Medun shows life in 19th century Montenegro. Marko Miljanov Popović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Миљанов Поповић (born 25 April 1833 in Medun near Podgorica – Medun (Medeon Meteon is an old town and fortress situated 13 kilometers northeast from Podgorica, Montenegro. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! It is the most significant Montenegrin memorial museum of its kind.
- The Natural History Museum (Prirodnjački muzej) displays specimens of Montenegrin flora and fauna.
There is a notable art gallery in the Dvorac Petrovića (Petrović's Castle) complex in Podgorica's largest public park. The House of Petrović -Njegoš ( ( Serbian Cyrillic: Петровић-Његош is a Royal House of Montenegro. The King Nichola's castle, Perjanički dom (House of the Honour Guard), castle chapel and surrounding buildings were converted to an art gallery in 1984. Nikola I Mirkov Petrović-Njegoš ( Serbian Cyrillic: Краљ Никола I Мирков Петровић-Његош ( – March 1, 1921) was the Since 1995, it has been part of the Modern Arts Centre (Centar savremenih umjetnosti) and houses approximately 1,500 works of art.
Podgorica has only one cinema, Cinema Culture (Kino kultura), founded in 1949. This will change when Delta City Montenegro (a 'multiplex' with 6 screens) is completed. Delta City is a brand of Shopping malls with currently malls in Belgrade, Serbia and Podgorica, Montenegro being completed
A significant cultural institution of over fifty years' standing is the Cultural-informational centre Budo Tomović (KIC Budo Tomović). It is a public institution which organises various artistic events, including Podgorica's Cultural Summer (Podgoričko Kulturno Ljeto), FIAT - International Alternative Theatre Festival (Festival Internacionalnog Aletarnativnog Teatra), DEUS - December Arts Scene (Decembarska Umjetnička Scena).
Podgorica's Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]'s Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral is one of the largest places of worship in Montenegro. The Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ ( Serbian: Саборни Храм Христовог Васкрсења or Saborni Hram Hristovog Vaskrsenja) in Podgorica The Metropolitanate of Montenegro is the largest diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro.
In Karageorge's Square is the statue of Đorđe Petrović the Black, so called Karageorge, orchestrator of the First Serbian Uprising and idol of the struggle against the Ottomans. Karađorđe Petrović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Карађорђе Петровић Anglicised: Karageorge Petrovitch) ( November 3, 1768 The First Serbian Uprising was a Serbian national Revolution which lasted for nine years and approx The monument is a replica of the one outside the Temple of Saint Sava in Belgrade. The Temple of Saint Sava ( Serbian: Храм светог Саве or Hram svetog Save) is the largest Orthodox church in the world situated in Belgrade
Education
Most of Montenegro's higher education establishments are in Podgorica. It is home to the University of Montenegro, the country's most significant such institution. The University of Montenegro ( Montenegrin: Univerzitet Crne Gore, Универзитет Црнe Горe is a university located in Podgorica, The Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts is also in Podgorica, as is the DANU cultural organisation. Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts ( Serbian: Црногорска академија наука и умјетности Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti The Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts ( Serbian: Dukljanska akademija nauka i umjetnost, DANU; Latin Academia Dioclitiana Scientiarum In recent years, the number of private institutions for higher education has increased.
The municipality of Podgorica has 34 elementary schools and 10 secondary schools, including one gymnasium. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar
The Radosav Ljumović national library is considered the most comprehensive in Montenegro.
Media
Podgorica is undoubtedly the media hub of Montenegro. It is home to the headquarters of the state-owned public television broadcaster RTCG. Public broadcasting refers to radio television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public Radio Television of Montenegro ( Montenegrin: Радио Телевизија Црне Горе, Radio Televizija Crne Gore - hence the acronym RTCG Commercial broadcasters in Podgorica include TV In, NTV Montena, Elmag RTV, RTV Atlas and MBC. TV In is a television station in Montenegro. It started working in early 2002. Nezavisna Televizija Montena ( NTV Montena) is a regional broadcaster in Montenegro. Radio Television Elmag is a broadcasting Company based in Podgorica, Montenegro. Radio Televizija Atlas ( RTV Atlas) is a national broadcaster in Montenegro. Their programmes can be received in much of Montenegro.
All Montenegro's daily newspapers (Vijesti, DAN and Pobjeda) are published in Podgorica, as is the popular weekly magazine Monitor. Vijesti ( Montenegrin Cyrillic: Вијести English translation: The News) is a Montenegrin daily Newspaper and Dan ( English: The day Serbian Cyrillic: Дан is a daily newspaper published in Montenegro. Pobjeda ( Montenegrin Cyrillic: Пoбjeдa English: Victory) ( MNSE: NIPO is a Montenegrin Newspaper. The Monitor is the name of a news magazine published in Podgorica, Montenegro, which has long supported democratic opposition to Serbia and independence
Transport
Urban transport
Public transport used to be provided only by Gradsko saobraćajno preduzeće, a city-owned public transport company which ran all buses in Podgorica. This went bankrupt in the early years of the 21st century, after which public transport was provided only by two private carriers.
City-owned public transport has been re-introduced, with private carriers operating buses under the banner of Gradski Saobraćaj (City Transport).
Public transport has struggled to deal with competition. Unlicensed taxis threatened mainly the bus services, but cheaper despatched taxicab services have become more popular.
The taxicab service is well-organised. 23 companies operate over 800 vehicles. These boast a high level of service, including new cars, drivers in suits, low prices and GPS-tracked vehicles for security. Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth
Intercity transport
Road
Podgorica's location in central Montenegro makes it a natural hub for rail and road transport.
Roads in Montenegro (especially that which connects Podgorica to northern Montenegro and Serbia) are usually inferior to those elsewhere in Europe. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country There are moves to build a modern highway to connect the north with Podgorica and on to the Adriatic sea. Belgrade - Bar motorway (Autoput Beograd - Bar is a future Motorway in Serbia and Montenegro.
The newly-built Sozina tunnel (4. The Sozina tunnel ( Serbian Cyrillic: Тунел Созина) is a vehicular tunnel in Montenegro, and is a part of E65 European route 2km) is modern even by European standards and shortens the journey from Podgorica to Bar (Montenegro's main seaport) to under 30 minutes. Bar ( Montenegrin and Serbian Cyrillic: Бар Italian: Antivari, Albanian: Tivari, Greek: Θηβάριον
The main transit connections of Podgorica are:
- north (E65, E80), towards Belgrade and on to Central Europe
- west (E762), towards Nikšić, Bosnia and on to Western Europe
- south (E65, E80) towards the Adriatic coast
- east (E762), towards Albania
The planned Beograd - Bar motorway will pass near Podgorica, speeding travel from Podgorica to northern and coastal Montenegro. European route E80 is a road part of the International E-road network. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and European route E762 is a road part of the International E-road network. Nikšić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Никшић is a city in Montenegro ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' European route E80 is a road part of the International E-road network. European route E762 is a road part of the International E-road network. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Belgrade - Bar motorway (Autoput Beograd - Bar is a future Motorway in Serbia and Montenegro.
Rail
Podgorica railway station is near the city centre. It is old and inadequate: its owner (Railways of Montenegro) lacks the funds needed for reconstruction. Railways of Montenegro (Жељезница Црне Горе / Željeznica Crne Gore (ŽCG is the national railway company of Montenegro.
Podgorica's main railway link (for both passenger and freight traffic) is Belgrade - Bar. The Belgrade–Bar railway is a railway connecting the Serbian capital of Belgrade with the town of Bar, the main seaport in Montenegro. The link to Nikšić is being rebuilt and electrified: passenger service is expected to start in 2009. Nikšić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Никшић is a city in Montenegro ( Podgorica is also connected by rail with Shkodër and Tirana in Albania, but this line has been unused for some time. Shkodër (Shkodër or Shkodra is a city located on Lake Shkodër in northwestern Albania in the District Tirana (Tiranë or Tirana is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Albania. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics.
Air transport
Podgorica Airport is 12km south of the city and is Montenegro's main international airport. Podgorica Airport ( Montenegrin / Serbian: Аеродром Подгорица Aerodrom Podgorica) is an International airport located 11 A new passenger terminal was opened on 13 July 2006. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
There are regular flights from Podgorica to Belgrade, Bari, Budapest, Zurich, Frankfurt, Ljubljana, Paris, Rome, Skopje and Vienna. Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Bari ( Barium in Latin, Bàrion or Vàrion in Greek, Bare in Neapolitan Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Ljubljana ( is the largest and Capital city of Slovenia. It is located in the center of the country and is a mid-sized city of some 270000 inhabitants Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Skopje (Скопје; Shkup or Shkupi is the Capital and largest city in the Republic of Macedonia, with more than a quarter of the population Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria.
Architecture
Podgorica's mixture of architectural styles reflects the turbulent history of the city and country: as one régime replaced another, the corresponding style was introduced.
As part of the Ottoman Empire until 1878, Podgorica has many examples of Turkish architecture. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The oldest parts of the city, Stara Varoš (Old town) and Drač are typical of this, with two mosques, a Turkish clock tower and narrow, winding streets. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A clock tower is a Tower built with one or more (often four Clock faces.
When the city was incorporated to Montenegro, the urban core shifted to the other bank of the Ribnica River, where the town developed in a more European style: wider streets intersecting at right angles. The Ribnica River is a small river that runs through Podgorica, Montenegro. In Geometry and Trigonometry, an angle (in full plane angle) is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common Endpoint, called
During World War II, Podgorica was almost razed to the ground, being bombed over 70 times. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including After liberation, rebuilding began as in other cities of the communist-ruled SFRY. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Mass residential blocks were erected, with basic design typical of Eastern bloc countries. During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were All that part of the city on the right bank of the Morača River was built this way. Morača ( Serbian Cyrillic: Морача is a river in Montenegro. Even the empty spaces in the city centre were filled with near-brutalist structures, resulting in an unfortunate fusion of old and new. The term Brutalist Architecture originates from the French Béton brut, or "raw concrete" a term used by Le Corbusier to describe The residential and business blocks of the SFRY era provided ample housing but have been much criticised for their uninventive and grey appearance.
A major advance in Podgorica architecture began in the late 1990s and, since then, the face of the city has changed rapidly. Residential and business construction are proceeding rapidly, including modern glass-and-steel styles. Public spaces attract heavy investment, so that the city has gained entirely new squares, parks and monuments. New landmarks include the Hristovog Vaskrsenja orthodox temple and the Millennium Bridge, the main feature of the Podgorica skyline. An Orthodox church as a Church building of Eastern Orthodoxy has a distinct recognizable style among Church architectures History While The Millennium Bridge ( Montenegrin Cyrillic: Мост Миленијум is a Cable-stayed bridge that spans Morača River, in Podgorica Thus, Podgorica today is transforming rapidly from featureless town to modern European capital.
Sport
The most popular sports by far are football and basketball. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Basketball became especially popular with the success in the late 20th and early 21st centuries of KK Budućnost Podgorica, both in Yugoslav and European competitions. KK Budućnost Podgorica is a basketball club from Podgorica, Montenegro. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state
Football in Podgorica has a very long tradition associated with FK Budućnost Podgorica. FK Budućnost is a football club from Podgorica, Montenegro, currently competing in the First League of Montenegro. World-famous players Predrag Mijatović and Dejan Savićević were born in Podgorica and made their debut in that team. Predrag "Peđa" Mijatović ( Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Мијатовић - Пеђа) (born 19 January 1969 in Titograd, Montenegro Dejan Savićević ( Serbian Cyrillic: Дејан Савићевић (born September 15, 1966 in Titograd, Montenegro FK Zeta (from the Podgorica suburb of Golubovci) has also reached the former first league of Serbia and Montenegro. Demographics Montenegrins - 1807 Serbs - 885 Muslims - 10 Albanians - 15 No These clubs will probably compete with each other for leading position in the First League of Montenegro. History See also Past Champions of Second-Tier Montenegrin First League While Montenegro was part of socialist Yugoslavia, its top league was the
Other clubs from Podgorica and its surroundings play in the Montenegrin First League e. g. FK Dečić (Tuzi), FK Kom and FK Mladost. FK Dečić ( Serbian Cyrillic: ФК Дечић is a football club from Tuzi, Montenegro, currently competing in the First League of The Battle for Independence Tuzi is the site for the first Albanian uprising since the time of Gjergj Kastrioti - Skenderbeg in 1443 FK Kom is a football club based in Podgorica, Montenegro. As of 2008, it plays in First League of Montenegro. One of the most popular clubs from the suburbs is FK Ribnica from Konik. Fudbalski klub Ribnica ( English: Football Club Ribnica Konik) is a football club from Konik, a suburb of Podgorica, Montenegro Konik ( Serbian Cyrillic: Коник is a suburb located in the Podgorica, in the Republic of Montenegro.
The volleyball team OK Budućnost Podgorica and the women's handball team ŽRK Budućnost T-Mobile have had significant success in European competition. OK Budućnost Podgorica, also known by the sponsorship name of Budućnost Podgorička banka, is a Volleyball club from Podgorica, Montenegro Records of achievement ŽRK Budućnost was: 19 times the Champion of the country (1985198919901992-20062007 12 times the winner of the Cup (19841989 Budućnost Podgorica is the most important sports club in Podgorica. Budućnost Podgorica is a sports society from Podgorica, Montenegro. Its name means Future.
Sporting events like the annual Podgorica Marathon and the Morača River jumps attract international competitors.
Venues
Podgorica has a number of sporting venues; some are under reconstruction and expansion. The main ones are:
- Podgorica City Stadium. Podgorica Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Podgorica, Montenegro. When eastern stand is completed, it will have a capacity of 24,000. It is the home of FK Budućnost Podgorica and the Montenegro national football team. FK Budućnost is a football club from Podgorica, Montenegro, currently competing in the First League of Montenegro. The Montenegro national football team represents Montenegro in international football and is controlled by the Football Association of Montenegro, It is currently the only venue in Montenegro that complies with FIFA standards for international footbal matches. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football)
- Morača Sports Center, a multi functional indoor sport facility. Morača Sports Center ( Serbian Cyrillic: Спортски центар Морача) is a sport venue located in Podgorica, Montenegro It has a capacity of 4,200 seats. It hosted one group of Eurobasket 2005, while other games were played in Belgrade, Vršac and Novi Sad. The EuroBasket 2005 (common short name for the 34th edition of FIBA 's European Basketball Championship) was held in Serbia and Montenegro (now Serbia Belgrade Arena ( Serbian: Београдска арена / Beogradska arena) is one of the largest European multi functional indoor sport Arenas The Millennium Center (or Millennium Hall) is a sports arena and business center in Vršac, Serbia, in the Vojvodina province The Spens Sports Center or simply SPENS (Full name Sports business and economic centre "Vojvodina" - Novi Sad Serbian Cyrillic: Спортски
Almost every football club in Podgorica has its own stadium, although these are often only fields with small stands or no stand at all.
Other notable venues are the Stadium of Small Sports (Малих спортова стадиум, Malih sportova stadium) under Gorica hill and the sport shooting range under Ljubović hill. The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed using various types of Guns such as Firearms and Airguns There are many other sports facilities around the city, most notably indoor soccer fields. This article is primarily regarding indoor soccer as played in North America
Subdivisions
The municipality of Podgorica consists of Podgorica City Proper and two subdivisions called Urban municipalities (Градске општине, Gradske opštine), Golubovci and Tuzi. Podgorica Municipality consists of Podgorica City Proper and two subdivisions called Urban municipalities ( Gradske opštine) Golubovci and Tuzi Below is a list of selected neighbourhoods and suburbs of Montenegrin capital of Podgorica. Demographics Montenegrins - 1807 Serbs - 885 Muslims - 10 Albanians - 15 No The Battle for Independence Tuzi is the site for the first Albanian uprising since the time of Gjergj Kastrioti - Skenderbeg in 1443
The entire municipality of Podgorica is further divided into 57 local communities (мјесне заједнице, mjesne zajednice), bodies in which the citizens participate in decisions on matters of relevance to the local community.
Sister cities
Belgrade, Serbia (2006)
Yerevan, Armenia (2006)
Zagreb, Croatia (2006)
Tirana, Albania
Moscow, Russia (2007)
See also
External links
- Podgorica official website
- Tourism Organisation of Podgorica
- Podgorica live cam
- Visit-Montenegro.com
- Photo-Montenegro.com
- National Tourism Organization of Montenegro
- Podgorica - WikiTravel
- Podgorica is at coordinates Coordinates:
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