Plumeria - Citizendia

"Frangipani" redirects here. For other uses, see Frangipani (disambiguation).

Plumeria

Plumeria alba (White Frangipani)

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Apocynaceae
Genus:	Plumeria Tourn. ex L.

Species

7-8 species including:

Plumeria alba
Plumeria inodora
Plumeria obtusa
Plumeria pudica
Plumeria rubra (Also known as Plumeria acuminata and Plumeria acutifolia)
Plumeria stenopetala
Plumeria stenophylla

Plumeria (common name Frangipani; syn. Himatanthus Willd. ex Roem. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its Gentianales are an order of Flowering plants included within the Asterid group of Dicotyledons The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort ( 5 June, 1656 — 28 December, 1708) was a French Botanist, notable as the first to make a clear Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Plumeria obtusa is a species of Plumeria, native to the Caribbean. Plumeria rubra is a Deciduous plant belonging to the genus Plumeria. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. Carl Ludwig Willdenow ( 22 August 1765 - 10 July 1812) was a German Botanist, Pharmacist, and plant taxonomist & Schult.) is a small genus of 7-8 species native to tropical and subtropical Americas. Josef (Joseph August Schultes 1773-1831 was an Austrian botanist and professor in Vienna The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America The genus consists of mainly deciduous shrubs and trees. P. rubra (Common Frangipani, Red Frangipani), native to Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela, produces flowers ranging from yellow to pink depending on form or cultivar. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the From Mexico and Central America, Plumeria has spread to all tropical areas of the world, especially Hawaii, where it grows so abundantly that many people think that it is indigenous there. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the

1 Plant
2 Etymology and common names
3 In culture
4 Literary occurrences
5 Plumeria obtusa Gallery
6 External links

Plant

Plumeria is related to the Oleander, Nerium oleander, and both possess poisonous, milky sap, rather similar to that of Euphorbia. Oleander ( Nerium oleander) is an Evergreen Shrub or small Tree in the dogbane family Apocynaceae. Euphorbia is a Genus of Plants belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Each of the separate species of Plumeria bears differently shaped leaves and their form and growth habits are also distinct. The leaves of P. alba are quite narrow and corrugated, while leaves of P. pudica have an elongated oak shape and glossy, dark green color. P. pudica is one of the everblooming types with non-deciduous, evergreen leaves. Another species that retains leaves and flowers in winter is P. obtusa; though its common name is "Singapore", it is originally from Colombia. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Frangipani can also be found in Eastern Africa, where they are sometimes referred to in Swahili love poems. For example, see An Anthology of Swahili Love Poetry by Jan Knappert, page 93.

Plumeria flowers are most fragrant at night in order to lure sphinx moths to pollinate them. The flowers have no nectar, and simply dupe their pollinators. The moths inadvertently pollinate them by transferring pollen from flower to flower in their fruitless search for nectar.

"Plumeria" species are easily Plant propagation propagated by taking a cutting of leafless stem tips in Spring and allowing them to dry at the base before inserting them into soil. They are also propagated via tissue culture both from cuttings of freshly elongated stems and aseptically germinated seed.

Etymology and common names

Frangipani trunk in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Plumeria rubra

The genus, originally spelled Plumiera, is named in honor of the seventeenth-century French botanist Charles Plumier, who traveled to the New World documenting many plant and animal species. Plumeria rubra is a Deciduous plant belonging to the genus Plumeria. Charles Plumier ( April 20, 1646 - November 20, 1704) was a French botanist, after whom the genus Plumeria, or The common name "Frangipani" comes from an Italian noble family, a sixteenth-century marquess of which invented a plumeria-scented perfume. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Frangipani or Frangipane ("Breadbreakers" from Italian frangere il pane) was a powerful Roman Patrician clan in the A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living

In Mexico, the Nahuatl (Aztec language) name for this plant is "cacalloxochitl" which means "crow flower. Nahuatl ( is a group of related languages and dialects of the Aztecan or Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family " It was used for many medicinal purposes such as salves and ointments.

Depending on location, many other common names exist: "Kembang Kamboja" in Indonesia, "Temple Tree" or "Champa" in India, "Kalachuchi" in the Philippines, "Araliya" or "Pansal Mal" in Sri Lanka, "Champa" in Laos, "Lantom" or "Leelaawadee" in Thai. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Many English speakers also simply use the generic name "plumeria".

In culture

They are now common naturalised plants in southern and southeastern Asia, and in local folk beliefs provide shelter to ghosts and demons. In Biology, naturalisation is the process when foreign or cultivated plants or animals have spread into the Wild, where they multiply by natural regeneration The scent of the Plumeria has been associated with a vampire in Malay folklore, the pontianak. The Pontianak, Kuntilanak, Matianak or "Boentianak" (as known in Indonesia, sometimes shortened to just kunti) is a They are associated with temples in both Hindu and Buddhist cultures, though Hindus do not use the flowers in their temple offerings. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices

In several Pacific islands, such as Tahiti, Fiji, Hawaii, Tonga and the Cook Islands Plumeria is used for making leis. Tahiti is the largest Island in the Windward group of French Polynesia, located in the Archipelago of Society Islands in the The Kingdom of Tonga is an Archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean comprising 169 islands 36 of them inhabited stretching over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 miles The Cook Islands ( Cook Islands Māori: Kūki 'Āirani) are a self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand. Lei is a Hawaiian word for a garland or wreath More loosely defined a lei is any series of objects strung together with the intent to be worn In modern Polynesian culture, it can be worn by women to indicate their relationship status - over the right ear if seeking a relationship, and over the left if taken.

P. alba is the national flower of Nicaragua and Laos, where it is known under the local name "Sacuanjoche" (Nicaragua) and "Champa" (Laos). Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma

In the book "A Varanda do Frangipani" by Mozambican author, Mia Couto, the shedding of the tree's flowers serves to mark the passage of time, and the conclusion sees the protagonists submerging into the tree's roots as the ultimate solution to fix their shattered world. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Mia Couto, pron. 'miɐ 'kotʊ (b 5 July 1955 Beira, Mozambique) is a Mozambican Author.

In Bangladeshi culture most white flowers, and particularly plumeria (Bengali: চম্পা chômpa or চাঁপা chãpa), are associated with funerals and death. The culture of Bangladesh has a unique history dating back more than 2500 years ago

Literary occurrences

Rabindranath Tagore story entitled 'The Champa Flower' from the collection Crescent Moon [1]

P. B. Shelley "The champak odours fail/Like sweet thoughts in a dream", line from "Indian Serenade"

Under the Frangipani by Mia Couto

Reference is made to the scent frangipani in Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray

American singer-songwriter John Vanderslice references the frangipani tree in the song "Kookaburra" on his 2007 release, Emerald City. "Crescent Moon" redirects here for the phase of the moon see Lunar phase. Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4 1792 – July 8 1822 ˈpɝːsɪ ˈbɪʃ ˈʃɛlɪ was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Singer-songwriter is a term that refers to Performers who write, compose and sing their own material including Lyrics John Vanderslice (born May 22, 1967 in Gainesville Florida) is an American musician formerly of Mk Ultra but now performing Emerald City is the sixth Album by American Singer-songwriter John Vanderslice.