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Plastic pipework, produced to EN 1452-1 to 5 :2000 standards for the European market for the conveyance of drinking water, waste water, chemicals, heating and cooling fluids, foodstuffs, ultra-pure liquids, slurries, gases, compressed air and vacuum system applications. Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not Distinguish from Wastwater (a lake in the Lake District in northwest England A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter This vacuum means "absence of matter" or "an empty area or space" for the cleaning appliance see Vacuum cleaner. Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems have many advantages to offer to the designer, installer and end user of pipe systems; they are light weight, easier to install than metal piping systems, faster to install as well as being more cost effective than metal piping systems. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across They are used for both above and below ground applications. A well installed and well maintained Plastic Pressure Pipe System could have a life cycle of up to 50 years. This is dependent upon the medium, temperature, chemical consistency, pressure and type of plastic pressure pipe system selected. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Pressure (symbol 'p' is the force per unit Area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems have been in use since the 1950s.

The most common Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems are:

Contents

Selection of material

In order to select the most suitable material for a pipe system the following factors need to be considered:

These factors are interlinked and only when all have been addressed can the correct type of Plastic Pressure Pipe System be selected. FLUID ( F ast L ight '''U'''ser '''I'''nterface D esigner is a graphical editor that is used to produce FLTK Source code

Materials used

Note: LDPE, MDPE and HDPE = low, medium, and high density Polyethylene. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or ABS, ( Chemical formula (C8H8· C4H6·C3H3Nn is Polypropylene or polypropene ( PP) is a Thermoplastic Polymer, made by the Chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications Polyethylene or polythene ( IUPAC name poly(ethene) is a Thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products (notably the Polyvinylidene Fluoride, or PVDF is a highly non-reactive and pure Thermoplastic Fluoropolymer.

Material characteristics

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)

ABS is suitable for the conveyance of potable water, slurries and chemicals. Being non toxic ABS complies with the toxicological requirements of the British Plastics Federation and the British Industrial Biological Research Association (BIBRA) code of practice for food usage. ABS Pipe Systems are very suitable for chilled water applications, due to its low temperature properties. ABS is also suitable for use in compressed airline systems.

PVC-U (Polyvinyl Chloride, Unplasticized)

PVC-U has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range, with a broad band of operating pressures. Due to its long term strength characteristics, high stiffness and cost effectiveness, PVC-U systems account for a large proportion of plastic piping installations. PVC-U is resistant to most solutions of acids, alkalis, salts and organic compounds miscible with water. It is not resistant to solvents, aromatics and some chlorinated hydrocarbons. PVC-U is not at all suitable for compressed air systems.

PVC-C (Polyvinyl Chloride, Post Chlorinated)

PVC-C has excellent chemical resistance across its operating temperature range, with a broad band of operating pressures. Due to its long-term strength characteristics, high stiffness and cost effectiveness, PVC-C systems are suitable for a wide diversity of plastic piping installations. PVC-C is resistant to many acids, bases, salts, paraffinic hydrocarbons, halogens and alcohols. It is not resistant to solvents, aromatics and some chlorinated hydrocarbons.

PP (Polypropylene)

Polypropylene is suitable for use with foodstuffs, potable and ultra pure waters, as well as within the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Polypropylene is adversely affected by UV radiation and requires insulation or a protective coating if installed outside.

PE (Polyethylene)

When compared to other plastics, PE shows excellent diffusion resistance, and because of this property, polyethylene has been successfully used for the safe conveyance of gases for many years. Polyethylene has good resistance to acids and caustic substances. Resistant to organic and inorganic solvents at a wide range of temperatures. It is not resistant to strong oxidising acids.

PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride)

PVDF has excellent chemical resistance which means that it is widely used in the chemical industry as a piping system for aggressive liquids. PVDF is a homopolymer without additives such as stabilisers and processing agents. It also displays excellent flame retardant properties. PVDF is listed with many worldwide agencies as suitable for use with foodstuffs, dairy products, in semi-conductor and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and for other applications in the food and drug sector. PVDF is resistant to most acids, alkalis, salts, halogens, alcohols and chlorinated hydro-carbons. Strong polarized solvents, such as ketones and esters, can cause the material to swell.

Components of Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems

There are four key components that make up a plastic pressure pipe system:

The range of pipe diameters for each pipe system does vary. However, the size ranges from 12mm to 400mm and 3/8" to 16".

Pipes

Pipes are extruded and are generally available in:

Note: Coils are only used up to 90mm in LDPE and MDPE byond this 6m straight lengths are the norm.

Pipe fittings

Pipe fittings are moulded and the finished product is available as:

Valves

Valves are moulded and the finished product is available as:

Accessories

Accessories are available as:

Note: EPDM = ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber FPM = Fluoropolymer

Connection

Connection of a Plastic Pressure Pipe System can be achieved by the following methods:

Solvent Cement Glue

Pipe support and hanging

When supporting or hanging plastic pipe systems there are a few factors that have to be considered, so that the correct pipe supports can be selected. A ball valve (like the Butterfly valve and Plug valve are one of the family of valves called quarter turn valves) is a Valve that opens A butterfly valve is a type of flow control device typically used to regulate a fluid flowing through a section of pipe Diaphragm valves (or membrane valves consists of a Valve body with two or more ports a diaphragm and a "saddle" or seat upon which the diaphragm closes the valve In Chemistry, poly(tetrafluoroethene or poly(tetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE) is a synthetic Fluoropolymer which finds numerous applications EPDM Rubber ( ethylene propylene diene M-class rubber) is an Elastomer which is characterized by wide range of applications A fluoropolymer is a Polymer that contains atoms of Fluorine.

These factors are interlinked and only when all have been addressed can the correct type of pipe supports be selected. The above information is also critical for determining the distance between each pipe support, this is referred to in the industry as pipe centers or pipe centres depending on your country of origin.

Safety Factors

Each component within a Plastic Pressure Pipe System is given a pressure marking relating to the amount of pressure it can sustain. However, each manufacturer tests the product beyond its individual rating so that a safety factor can be quoted. With all pressurised systems there can be spikes hence the need for safety factors. In general, each manufacturer tests their product to the following safety factors:

Note: This information is provided for the purpose of explaining why a safety factor exists. Each manufacturer has their own safety factors to which you must refer.

Standards and Approvals

WRAS

Water Regulations Advisory Scheme tested by: WRc (Water Research Centre)

Required standard for any plastic pressure pipe system that connects to a drinking water / potable water source. The WRc Group is a privately-owned group of companies providing research and consultancy on water supply waste treatment and the public

BSI

British Standards Institute (BSI Group)

Replaced By BS EN 1452-1 to 5 :2000 but remains current.

Partially replaced by parts 1 to 5 of BS EN 1452

DIN

German Standard

References

External links

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