Plans are a set of two-dimensional diagrams or drawings used to describe a place or object, or to communicate building or fabrication instructions. Usually plans are drawn or printed on paper, but they can take the form of a digital file. Plans are often for technical purposes such as architecture, engineering, or planning. The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Their purpose in these disciplines is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a site, building, product or component. Plans can also be for presentation or orientation purposes, and as such are often less detailed versions of the former. The end goal of plans is either to portray an existing place or object, or to convey enough information to allow a builder or manufacturer to realize a design.
The term plan may casually be used to refer to a single view, sheet, or drawing in a set of plans. More accurately, plan refers to an orthographic projection looking down on the object, such as in a plan view, floor plan or bird's-eye view. Orthographic projection is a means of representing a three- Dimensional (3D object in two dimensions (2D A plan is an Orthographic projection of a 3-dimensional object from the position of a horizontal plane through the object A floor plan ( floorplan) in Architecture and Building engineering is a Diagram, usually to scale, of the relationships between rooms A bird's-eye view is a View of an object from above as though the observer were a Bird, often used in the making of Blueprints, Floor plans
The process of producing plans, and the skill of producing them, is often referred to as technical drawing. A technical drawing is a form of graphic communication This type of Drawing is used in the transforming of an idea into physical form
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Format
Plans are often prepared in a set. The set includes all the information required for the purpose of the set, and may exclude views or projections which are unneccessary. A set of plans can be on standard office-sized paper or on large sheets. It can be stapled, folded or rolled as required. A set of plans can also take the form of a digital file in a proprietary format such as DWG or an exchange file format such as DXF or PDF. AutoCAD DXF (Drawing Interchange Format or Drawing Exchange Format is a CAD data File format developed by Autodesk for enabling data interoperability
Plans are often referred to as "blueprints" or "bluelines". A blueprint is a type of paper-based reproduction usually of a Technical drawing, documenting an Architecture or an Engineering design Whiteprint is the commercial terminology to describe document reproduction using the Diazo chemical process However, the terms are rapidly becoming an anachronism, since most copies of plans that were formerly made using a chemical-printing process that yielded graphics on blue-colored paper or, alternatively, of blue-lines on white paper, have been superseded by more modern reproduction processes that yield black or multicolour lines on white paper. An anachronism (from the Greek "ana" " ανά " "against anti-" and "chronos" " χρόνος "
Scale
Plans are usually scale drawings, meaning that the plans are drawn at specific ratio relative to the actual size of the place or object. A ratio is an expression which compares quantities relative to each other Various scales may be used for different drawings in a set. For example, a floor plan may be drawn at 1:50 (or 1/4"=1'-0") whereas a detailed view may be drawn at 1:25 (or 1/2"=1'-0"). Site plans are often drawn at 1:200 or 1:100.
- Further information: Architect's scale and Engineer's scale
Views and projections
Because plans represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimentional plane, the use of views or projections is crucial to the legibility of plans. An architect's scale is a specialized ruler It is used in making or measuring from reduced Scale drawings such as Blueprints and Floor plans It is marked An engineer's scale is a tool for measuring distances and transferring measurements at a fixed Ratio of length Graphical projection is a Protocol by which an image of an imaginary three-dimensional object is projected onto a planar surface without the aid of mathematical calculation Each projection is achieved by assuming a vantage point from which to see the place or object, and a type of projection. These projection types are:
- Orthographic projection, including:
- Plan view or floor plan view
- Elevation, usually a 'head-on' view of an exterior
- Section, a cutaway view of the interior
- Axonometric projection, including:
- Oblique projection, and
- Perspective projection
Plans types used for residential construction drawings
1. Orthographic projection is a means of representing a three- Dimensional (3D object in two dimensions (2D A plan is an Orthographic projection of a 3-dimensional object from the position of a horizontal plane through the object An elevation is an Orthographic projection of a 3-dimensional object from the position of a horizontal plane beside an object In Geometry, a cross section is the intersection of a body in 2-dimensional space with a line or of a body in 3-dimensional space with a plane etc Axonometric projection ("to measure along axes" is a technique used in orthographic pictorials Isometric projection is a form of Graphical projection —more specifically an Axonometric projection. Dimetric projection is a form of Axonometric projection, in which its direction of viewing is such that two of the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened of which Trimetric projection is a form of Axonometric projection, where the direction of viewing is such that all of the three axes of space appear unequally foreshortened This article discusses imaging of three-dimensional objects For an abstract mathematical discussion see Projection (linear algebra. Perspective (from Latin perspicere to see through in the graphic arts such as drawing is an approximate representation on a flat surface (such as paper of an image as it is perceived Site plan
Site plans are drawn to show the location of a home on the property in its context. It is an overhead view of the construction site and the home as it sits in reference to the boundries of the lot. Site plans should outline location of utility services, setback requirements, easements, location of driveways and walkways, and sometimes even topographical data that specifies the slope of the terrain.
2. Floor plan
A floor plan is an overhead view of the completed house. A floor plan ( floorplan) in Architecture and Building engineering is a Diagram, usually to scale, of the relationships between rooms You'll see parallel lines that scale at whatever width the walls are required to be. Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths. Floor plans will also include details of fixtures like sinks, water heaters, furnaces, etc. Floor plans will include notes to specify finishes, construction methods, or symbols for electrical items.
3. Sub-floor Plan
The sub-floor plan gives details of how this area will be constructed and how services will be arranged.
4. Elevations
Elevations are a non-perspective view of the home. These are drawn to scale so that measurements can be taken for any aspect necessary. Plans include front, rear and both side elevations. The elevations specify ridge heights, the positioning of the final fall of the land, exterior finishes, roof pitches and other details that are necessary to give the home its exterior architectural styling.
5. Section
A section cuts through the dwelling and the location of this 'cut through' is noted on the floor plan. It describes how the building will be constructed and discusses how the internal finishes are to look. Sections are used because they explain certain conditions in more detail.
See also
External links
- How to read residential construction plans - Australia
- Sample site plan with annotations - Australia
- Sample floor plan with annotations - Australia
- Sample sub-floor plan with annotations - Australia
- Sample elevation with annotations - Australia
- Sample section with annotations - Australia
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