Informal or ad-hoc plans are created by individuals in all of their pursuits. Ad hoc is a Latin phrase which means "for this [ Purpose ]" Structured and formal plans, used by multiple people, are more likely to occur in projects, diplomacy, careers, economic development, military campaigns, combat, or in the conduct of other business. For all other uses see Project (disambiguation. A project, as defined in the field of Project management, consists of a temporary Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states Career is a term defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as an individual's "course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life" Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking The ComBat was an Aluminium Cricket bat and the subject of an incident that occurred at the WACA cricket ground in Perth in December 1979. A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to

It is common for less formal plans to be created as abstract ideas, and remain in that form as they are maintained and put to use. More formal plans as used for business and military purposes, while initially created with and as an abstract thought, are likely to be written down, drawn up or otherwise stored in a form that is accessible to multiple people across time and space. This allows more reliable collaboration in the execution of the plan.

Contents 1 Planning 2 Quotation 3 Methodology 4 Types of plan 5 Examples of plans 6 See also

Planning

Main article: planning

To organize a series of actions to achieve a specified outcome. Planning in Organizations and Public policy is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a Plan; and the psychological process of

The term planning implies the working out of sub-components in some degree of detail. Broader-brush enunciations of objectives may qualify as metaphorical roadmaps.

Planning literally just means the creation of a plan; it can be as simple as making a list. It has acquired a technical meaning, however, to cover the area of government legislation and regulations related to the use of resources. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Legislation (or " Statutory law " is law which has been promulgated (or " Enacted quot by a Legislature or other Governing This article is for the legal term For regulation of genes see Regulation of gene expression.

Planning can refer to the planned use of any and all resources, as in the succession of Five-Year Plans through which the government of the Soviet Union sought to develop the country. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 However, the term is most frequently used in relation to planning for the use of land and related resources, for example in urban planning, transportation planning, and so forth. Transportation planning is the field involved with the siting of Transportation facilities (generally Streets Highways sidewalks bike lanes and Public

Thus, in a governmental context, "planning" without any qualification is most likely to mean the regulation of land use. Land use' is also often used to refer to the distinct land use types in Zoning. See also zoning. Zoning is a term used in Urban planning for a system of land-use Regulation in various parts of the world including North America the United Kingdom

Quotation

Plans are of little importance, but planning is essential -- Winston Churchill

Plans are nothing; planning is everything. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 -- Dwight D. Eisenhower

No battleplan survives contact with the enemy. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general -- Helmuth von Moltke the Elder

Methodology

The discipline of planning has occupied great minds and theoreticians. Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf After the Franco-Prussian War Moltke superintended the preparation of its history which was published between 1874 and 1881 by the great general staff Concepts such as top-down planning (as opposed to bottom-up planning) reveal similarities with the systems thinking behind the Top-Down Model. Systems thinking is a unique approach to problem solving in that it views certain "problems" as parts of an overall system rather than focusing on individual outcomes and contributing

The subject touches such broad fields as psychology, game theory, communications and information theory, which inform the planning methods that people seek to use and refine; as well as logic and science (ie methodological naturalism) which serve as a means of testing different parts of a plan for reliability or consistency. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and Game theory is a branch of Applied mathematics that is used in the Social sciences (most notably Economics) Biology, Engineering, Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way Information theory is a branch of Applied mathematics and Electrical engineering involving the quantification of Information. Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding

The specific methods used to create and refine plans depends on who is to make it, who is to put it to use, and what resources are available for the task. The methods used by an individual in their mind or personal organiser, may be very different from the collection of planning techniques found in a corporate board-room, and the planning done by a project manager has different priorities and uses different tools to the planning done by an engineer or industrial designer. As commonly used, individual refers to a Person or to any specific object in a collection MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. A personal organizer, day planner, or personal planner is a small book/binder designed to be portable usually containing a Calendar, Address A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business hiyaA project manager is a professional in the field of Project management. An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. Industrial design is an Applied art whereby the Aesthetics and Usability of mass-produced products may be improved for marketability and

Types of plan

The most popular ways to describe plans are by their breadth, time frame, and specificity. however, these planning classifications are not independent of one another. for instance, there is a close relationship between the shor-and long-term categories and tha strategic and oerational categories.

strategic versus operational plans

 Plans that apply to the entire orgainzation, that establish the organization's overall objectives, and that seek to

Examples of plans

• The Schlieffen Plan
• The Five-Year Plan system in the former Soviet Union
• The Marshall Plan
• Plan de Ayala
• Plan de Casa Mata
• Plan de Córdoba
• Plan de Iguala
• Plan de San Luis Potosí
• U.S. plan to invade Iraq
• marketing plan
• business plan
• battle plan
• site planning

See also

• critical path method
• PERT
• planned unit development
• practice
• roadmap
• strategy
• tactics
• automated planning

For the French counter-plan see Plan XVII The Schlieffen Plan was the German General Staff 's early 20th century overall strategic The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger The Plan of Ayala (Spanish Plan de Ayala) was a document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. The Plan of Casa Mata (Spanish Plan de Casa Mata) was formulated to abolish the Monarchy in Mexico and to establish a Republic. The Treaty of Córdoba gave Mexico independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence. Plan of Iguala, also known as Plan of the Three Guarantees ("Plan Trigarante" was a peace treaty proclaimed on February 24 1821 in the final stage of Mexican The Plan of San Luis de Potosí was a political document written in San Antonio, Texas, United States, and published in the Mexican The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia A marketing plan is a written document that details the necessary actions to achieve one or more marketing objectives A business plan is a formal statement of a set of business goals the reasons why they are believed attainable and the plan for reaching those goals Site planning in Landscape architecture and Architecture refers to the organizational stage of the landscape design process The Critical Path Method, abbreviated CPM, or critical path analysis, is a mathematically based Algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities The Program (or Project) Evaluation and Review Technique, commonly abbreviated PERT, is a model for Project management designed to analyze A Planned Unit Development, or PUD, is both a type of building development as well as a regulatory process A Strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal, most often "winning Military tactics ( Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army are the techniques for using weapons or military units in combination for engaging and defeating Automated planning and scheduling is a branch of Artificial intelligence that concerns the realisation of strategies or action sequences typically for execution by

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