| Pitkern | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Pitcairn Islands, New Zealand and Norfolk Island | |
| Region: | Pacific | |
| Total speakers: | <100 | |
| Language family: | Creole language English Creole Pacific Pitkern |
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | pih | |
| ISO 639-2: | ||
| ISO 639-3: | – | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Norfolk Island ( Norfuk: Norfuk Ailen) is a small inhabited island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. An English-based creole language, or English creole for short is a Creole language that was significantly influenced by the English language. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
Pitkern (also Pitcairnese) is a creole language based on an 18th century dialect of English and Tahitian. A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Tahitian, a Tahitic language, is one of the two official languages of French Polynesia (along with French) It is a primary language of Pitcairn Island with fewer than 100 speakers worldwide. However, the closely related Norfuk language has a few thousand native speakers. Norfuk (increasingly spelled Norfolk) is the Language spoken on Norfolk Island by the local residents Pitkern and Norfuk are unusual in that, although their home islands are located in the Pacific Ocean, they have been described as Atlantic creoles. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable Language that originates seemingly as a nativized Pidgin.
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History
Following the Mutiny on the Bounty, the British mutineers stopped at Tahiti and took 19 Polynesian people, mostly women, to the remote island of Pitcairn and settled there with them. For the book about the mutiny by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall see Mutiny on the Bounty (novel. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Tahiti is the largest Island in the Windward group of French Polynesia, located in the Archipelago of Society Islands in the Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over Initially, the Tahitians spoke little English and the Bounty crewmen knew even less Tahitian. Isolated from the rest of the world, they had to communicate with each other. Over time, they formed a unique new language which blended a simplified English with Tahitian words and speech patterns.
Pitkern was influenced by the diverse English dialects and accents of the crew. Geographically, the mutineers were drawn from as far as the West Indies, with one mutineer being described as speaking a forerunner of a Caribbean patois. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Patois is any language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in Linguistics. One was a Scot. The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. At least one, the leader Fletcher Christian, was a well-educated man, which at the time made a major difference in speech. Fletcher Christian ( September 25, 1764 &ndash October 3, 1793) was a Master's Mate on board the ''Bounty'' during Both Geordie and West Country have obvious links to some phrases and words, such as "whettles", meaning food, from "victuals". Geordie (ˈdʒɔrdi is a regional nickname for a person from the Tyneside region of England, or the name of the Dialect of English The West Country dialects and West Country accents are generic terms applied to any of several English Dialects and accents used by much of the
Many expressions no longer current in English carry on in Pitkern. It includes words from British maritime culture in the age of sailing ships, for example. The influence of Seventh-day Adventist Church missionaries and the King James Version of the Bible are also notable. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance
In the mid 19th century, the people of Pitcairn resettled on Norfolk Island. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Norfolk Island ( Norfuk: Norfuk Ailen) is a small inhabited island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand Later some moved back. Most speakers of Pitkern today are the descendants of those who went back. Many stayed on Norfolk as well, where the closely related language Norfuk is still spoken. Pitkern and Norfuk are mutually intelligible, and are sometimes considered the same language.
Common phrases
| Pitkern | English |
|---|---|
| Whata way ye? | How are you? |
| About ye gwen? | Where are you going? |
| You gwen whihi up suppa? | Are you going to cook supper? |
| I nor believe. | I don't think so. |
| Ye like-a sum whettles? | Would you like some food? |
| Do' mine. | It doesn't matter. |
| Wa sing yourley doing? | What are you doing? What are you up to? |
| I se gwen ah big shep. | I'm going to the ship. |
| Humuch shep corl ya? | How often do ships come here? |
| Cooshoo! | Good! |
Note: Pitkern spelling is not standardised.
Poetry in Pitkern
Some poetry exists in Pitkern. The poems of Meralda Warren are of particular note. Meralda Elva Junior Warren (born June 28, 1959) is a Pitcairn Island Nurse, radio operator (ZBP 1988
See also
- Pitkern poetry of Meralda Warren[1]
External links
References
- Ross, Alan Strode Campbell and A. Norfuk (increasingly spelled Norfolk) is the Language spoken on Norfolk Island by the local residents W. Moverly. The Pitcairnese Language (1964). London: Oxford University Press.
- South Pacific phrasebook (1999). Hawthorn, Australia: Lonely Planet Publications.
- Some Phrases in Norfolk/Pitcairn Language
- Avram, Andrei A. (July 2003). "Pitkern and Norfolk revisited: Is Pitkern-Norfolk an Atlantic creole spoken in the Pacific?". English Today 19 (3): 44-49. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
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