The Pishon is one of four rivers (along with the Tigris, Euphrates, and Gihon) mentioned in the Biblical Genesis (2:11). "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת For the Okinawan king see Gihon (Ryukyu. For the Gihon Spring in Jerusalem see Gihon Spring. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin In that passage, it is described as branching off from a single river within Eden. Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, The river is described as encircling "the entire land of Havilah", which cannot be positively identified. Havilah is a land mentioned in the Bible first described in Genesis 211 in relation to the Garden of Eden: "The name of the first is the Pishon

The only two identified rivers of the four streams said to issue forth from Eden, the Tigris (Hiddekel, from Genesis 2:14) and the Euphrates, do not now rise in the same place. The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת It must therefore be assumed that either the topography of the area has changed, or the geographical notions of the Genesis writer(s) were inaccurate. Topography ( topo-, "place" and graphia, "writing" is the study of Earth 's Surface features or those of Planets Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena However, some scholars have questioned English translations that say the rivers issued forth from Eden, and claim Hebrew renderings are more flexible in their description. This interpretation would allow Eden to be a confluence point for four rivers originating elsewhere.

In the Biblical Table of Nations, Havilah is associated with Arabia. The Table of Nations or Sons of Noah is an extensive list of descendants of Noah appearing within the Torah at Genesis 10 representing The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) If the two can be equated, the Pishon may correspond to an ancient dry riverbed that rose in the Hejaz region ( 24°30′0″N, 41°45′0″E) and flowed north east for 600 miles through the Wadi Al-Batin and terminated in the Persian Gulf, supporting the 'Persian Gulf' theory propounded by Juris Zarins. Wadi (وادي) (also Vadi) is traditionally a valley In some cases it can refer to a dry riverbed that contains water only during times of heavy rain al-Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz; الحجاز al-Ḥiǧāz, literally "the barrier" is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia Hafar Al-Batin is a Saudi Arabian city in the Eastern Province and located in the Northeastern region The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Juris Zarins (b Germany 1945) is an American archaeologist and professor at Missouri State University, who specializes in the Middle East. Evidence of this river was first discovered by Farouk El-Baz of Boston University researching satellite photos which showed the course across the desert and a telltale, fan-shaped delta of gravel deposits at the old river mouth. For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. Such identification is necessarily tentative. This research also places the source of the Pishon, also dubbed the Kuwait River, in the region of the Cradle of Gold at Mahd adh Dhahab. The Mahd adh Dhahab, also known as the Cradle of Gold, is the leading gold mining area in the Arabian Peninsula. The Mahd adh Dhahab, also known as the Cradle of Gold, is the leading gold mining area in the Arabian Peninsula. Archaeological research indicates that the river system was active 2,500-3000 BC. ^[1]

Together with the Tigris, the river Pishon is briefly mentioned in the book of Ecclesiasticus (24:25), but this reference throws no more light on the location of the river. Sirach, by Ben Sira, also known as The Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, The Wisdom of Ben Sira, or Ecclesiasticus "Calumet, A. D. 1672-1757, Rosebmuller, 1768-1835, Kell, 1807-1888, and some other scholars believed the source river [for Eden] was a region of springs. The Pishon and Gihon were mountain streams. The former may have been the Phasis or Araxes, and the latter the Oxus. The Amu Darya (formerly Oxus River the Greeks (Ptolemeus called it Oxiana palus) is the longest river in Central Asia. "^[2]

The Jewish-Roman historian Flavius Josephus, in the beginning of Antiquities of the Jews (1st century AD) identified the Pishon with the Ganges. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews ( Antiquitates Judaicae in Latin) was a work published by the important Jewish historian Flavius Josephus about the The Ganges (ˈgænʤiːz also Ganga, Devanāgarī: hi गंगा in most Indian languages) is the major river in the Indian subcontinent

David Rohl identified Pishon with the Uizhun and placed Havilah to the northeast of Mesopotamia. David M Rohl (born 12 September 1950) is a British Egyptologist and Historian who has put forth several controversial theories concerning This article is about the river in Iran for the river in northern Afghanistan see Safid River. Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The Uizhun is known locally as the Golden River. Rising near Mt. Sahand, it meanders between ancient gold mines and lodes of lapis lazuli before feeding the Caspian Sea. For the Iranian Frigate Sahand see Iranian frigate Sahand. Sahand ( سهند) is a massive heavily eroded Stratovolcano "Gold mine" redirects here See Goldmine for other uses of the term The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. Such natural resources correspond to the ones associated with the land of Havilah in the Genesis account (2:11).

Certain Christian fundamentalists have sometimes appealed to the effects of the Noachian Flood to explain the seeming disappearance of the Pishon river and the supposed change in the upper courses of the Tigris and the Euphrates. Fundamentalist Christianity, also known as Christian Fundamentalism or Fundamentalist Evangelicalism, is a movement that arose mainly within British and Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of The story of a Great Flood (also known as the Deluge) sent by a Deity or deities to destroy Civilization as an act of Divine retribution is a Names from the Bible like Havilah and Cush have come to mean different places at different times.

See also

• Gihon
• al-Qurnah

References

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