Pinot gris
A bunch of Pinot gris grapes
Species:	Vitis vinifera
Also called:	(see list of synonyms)
Origin:	Burgundy, France
Notable regions:	(see major regions)

Pinot gris is a white wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Vitis vinifera ( Common Grape Vine) is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant Growing regions where Vineyards are planted Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is Vitis vinifera ( Common Grape Vine) is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and Thought to be a mutant clone of the Pinot noir grape, it normally has a grayish-blue fruit, accounting for its name ("gris" meaning "gray" in French) but the grape can have a brownish pink to black and even white appearance. A mutant is an individual organism or new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of Mutation, which is a base-pair sequence change within the DNA Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The word "Pinot", which means "pinecone" in French, could have been given to it because the grapes grow in small pinecone-shaped clusters. The wines produced from this grape also vary in color from a deep golden yellow to copper and even a light shade of pink. ^[1] The clone of Pinot gris grown in Italy is known as Pinot grigio. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

History

Pinot noir grapes have a much darker hue then the bluish-gray coloring of Pinot gris

Pinot gris has been known from the Middle Ages in the Burgundy region, where it was probably called Fromenteau. Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) Fromenteau (sometimes called Beurot) is the name for several Grape varieties most importantly the Medieval name for a Burgundian variety which It spread from Burgundy, along with Pinot noir, arriving in Switzerland by 1300. The grape was reportedly a favorite of the Emperor Charles IV, who had cuttings imported to Hungary by Cistercian monks: the brothers planted the vines on the slopes of Badacsony bordering Lake Balaton in 1375. Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective Badacsony is the name of a region on the north shore of Lake Balaton in western Hungary, and a town in that region Lake Balaton, located in Hungary, is the largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the foremost regional tourist destinations The vine soon after developed the name Szürkebarát meaning "grey monk. " In 1711, a German merchant, named Johann Seger Ruland (re)discovered a grape growing wild in the fields of the Palatinate. Palatinate (Pfalz is a German wine -growing region ( Weinbaugebiet) in the area of Bad Dürkheim, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, and The subsequent wine he produced became known as Ruländer and the vine was later discovered to be Pinot gris. ^[1]

Until the 18th and 19th century, the grape was a popular planting in Burgundy and Champagne but poor yields and unreliable crops caused the grape to fall out of favor in those areas. The Champagne wine region ( archaic Champany is a historic province within the Champagne administrative province in the northeast of France. In Agriculture, crop yield (also known as "agricultural output" is not only a measure of the Yield of cereal per unit area of land under cultivation The same fate nearly occurred in Germany, but vine breeders in the early 20th century were able to develop clonal varieties that would produce a more consistent and reliable crop. ^[1]

Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have determined that Pinot gris has a remarkably similar DNA profile to Pinot noir and that the color difference is derived from a genetic mutation that occurred centuries ago. The University of California Davis, commonly known as UC Davis, or just UCD, is a public coeducational university located in the city of Davis, Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known Pinot noir ('pino nwar is a red Wine Grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The leaves and the vines of both grapes are so similar that the coloration difference is the only thing that tells them apart. ^[2]

Around 2005, Pinot gris was enjoying increasing popularity in the marketplace, especially in its Pinot Grigio incarnation and similar New World varietal wines. ^[3]

Regions

• Australia Adelaide Hills, McLaren Vale
• France - Burgundy, Loire, Alsace
• Italy
• Germany - Baden, Pfalz
• Austria
• New Zealand
• Canada - British Columbia, Ontario
• South Africa
• Slovenia - Primorska, Podravje
• Switzerland - Valais
• Romania - Constanţa County
• Moldova
• United States - Oregon, California, Michigan

Alsace

A major grape in Alsace, the Pinot gris wine produced here are markedly different from Pinot gris found elsewhere. The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. McLaren Vale is a Wine region approximately 35 km south of Adelaide in South Australia. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) Loire ( Arpitan: Lêre, Occitan: Léger) is an administrative department in the east-central part of France occupying the Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. Pfalz may refer to the German name for Palatinate several historic states of the Holy Roman Empire (e British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The Valais ( German:) is one of the 26 Cantons of Switzerland in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its Constanţa (kon'stanʦa is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Dobruja, with the capital city at Constanţa. Moldova has a well established Wine industry It has a vineyard area of, of which are used for commercial production The state of Oregon in the United States has established an international reputation for its production of Wine. California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 Michigan wine refers to any wine that is made in the US state of Michigan. Until the late twentieth century, the wines produced here were labeled Tokay d'Alsace or Tokay-pinot gris. In the Middle Ages, the grape was popularized in the region by Hungarian traders who were introduced to the grape from Burgundy. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic During this time, Tokaji was one of the most popular and sought after wines on the market and the name was probably used to gain more prestige for the Alsatian wine. For Tokajský wine and the wine region in Slovakia see Tokaj (Slovakia Tokaji (of Tokaj is the name of the wines from the region of Tokaj-Hegyalja In 1980, the European Economic Community passed regulations that now prohibit the use of "Tokay" outside of the Protected designation of origin given to the Tokaj-Hegyalja region. The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992 This page is about the World Heritage Site. For places with similar names see Tokaj town or Tokaj (region in Slovakia ^[4] The Pinot gris grape has no known genetic relations to the furmint, Hárslevelű, Yellow Muscat and Orémus grapes that are traditionally used in Tokaji. Furmint is a variety of Wine Grape from the Pontian Balcanica branch of Vitis vinifera, used for white wines Hárslevelű (in Hungarian) also called Lipovina (in Slovak) Lindenblättriger (in German) and Feuille The muscat family of Grapes of the species Vitis vinifera is widely grown for Wine, Raisins and Table grapes Their color Zéta is a crossing of Furmint and Bouvier. It was introduced to the Tokaj-Hegyalja Wine region of Hungary in 1951 and authorized for production ^[5] The wines from Alsace are given the name Tokay d'Alsace. ^[6] Since using the name of Tokay lends itself to confusing Pinot gris to the Hungarian wine, French wine authorities have been trying to phase out the Tokay designation. ^[7]

The cool climate of Alsace and warm volcanic soils are particularly well suited for Pinot gris, with its dry autumns allowing plenty of time for the grapes to hang on the vines. ^[8]

In Alsace, the grape has been blended with Muscat Ottonel to create the Muscat de Colmar variety which became available to growers in 2006. Muscat Ottonel or Muskat-Ottonel (in Germany) is a white Wine Grape that is a member of the Muscat family of Vitis vinifera ^[9]

Along with Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Muscat, Pinot gris is one of the few acceptable grapes to be planted in the Alsace Grand Cru AOC. Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany. Gewürztraminer (ɡəˈvʏrtstraˈminɚ guh-VURTS-trah-MEE-ner in English is an aromatic Wine Grape variety that performs best in cooler climates The muscat family of Grapes of the species Vitis vinifera is widely grown for Wine, Raisins and Table grapes Their color Alsace Grand Cru is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée for Wines made in the Alsace wine region of France. ^[10]

Australia

Pinot gris was first introduced into Australia in 1832 in the collection of grapes brought by James Busby. James Busby ( 7 February 1801 - 15 July 1871) was involved in the drafting of the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand ^[11] In Victoria, wines from the grape are labeled both Pinot gris and Pinot grigio, depending on the sweetness of wine with the drier wines being labeled Pinot grigio. The sweetness of a Wine is defined by the level of residual sugar (or RS in the fermentation proces ^[12]

Italy

Pinot Grigio is a popular planting in northeastern Italy in regions such as Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( Friulian: Friûl-Vignesie Julie, Friaul-Julisch Venetien Furlanija - Julijska krajina Friul-Venezsia Jułia is one of the twenty

In Italy, where the grape is known as Pinot grigio, plantings can be found in the Lombardy region around Oltrepo Pavese^[13] and in Alto Adige, Italy's northern most wine region. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol ( Italian: Trentino-Alto Adige; German: Trentino-Südtirol; Ladin: Trentin-Adesc Aut   ^[14] The grape is also prominent in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( Friulian: Friûl-Vignesie Julie, Friaul-Julisch Venetien Furlanija - Julijska krajina Friul-Venezsia Jułia is one of the twenty ^[15]

New Zealand

Pinot gris is grown in both the North (Martinborough, Hawkes Bay, Gisborne) and South Islands (Central Otago, Nelson, Marlborough, Waipara), with 762 Ha planted. The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, the other being the South Island. Martinborough is a town in South Wairarapa, a district in the Wellington region on the North Island of New Zealand. Geography The region is situated on the east coast of the North Island. For other uses of Gisborne see Gisborne (disambiguation. Gisborne (Tūranga-nui-a-Kiwa is the name of a unitary authority in New Zealand The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. latitude 45º south the Central Otago Wine Region is the most southerly Wine producing region in the world History Early settlement Settlement of Nelson began about 1100 years ago by Māori Geography Marlborough's geography can be roughly divided into four sections Waipara is a small town in north Canterbury New Zealand, on the banks of the Waipara River. ^[16] This makes it the fourth most planted white variety after Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay and Riesling. Half of all plantings are in Canterbury and Marlborough, with the wine developing a "rich, flinty, fruit-laden character". ^[17]

Oregon and California

A glass of Californian Pinot grigio. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

David Lett, from Eyrie Vineyards, planted the first Pinot gris in Oregon in 1966. The Eyrie Vineyards is an American winery in Oregon that consists of 49 acres in several different vineyards in the Willamette Valley. The Eyrie Vineyards is an American winery in Oregon that consists of 49 acres in several different vineyards in the Willamette Valley. Hoping to increase sales, Lett started to graft Riesling vines to Pinot gris in 1981. Riesling is a white Grape variety which originates in the Rhine region of Germany. ^[18] The grape originally had difficulties finding a sustainable market until Lett began marketing the wine to Salmon traders as a good match to the fish. Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. The wine's popularity began to slowly increase and hit a high point in mid-1990s when nearly every top Oregon winery was producing a Pinot gris. ^[2] Today there are over 1,797 acres (7. 27 km²) of Pinot gris in Oregon. ^[18]

There are about 1,620 acres (6. 6 km²) planted in the Central and South coastal areas of California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. ^[19] The Pinot gris from California is often called Pinot grigio because of its similarity in style to the wine of Italy. ^[20]

Viticulture

The grape grows best in cool climates, and matures relatively early with high sugar levels. This can lead to either a sweeter wine, or, if fermented to dryness, a wine high in alcohol. Clusters of Pinot gris may have a variety of colors in the vine. These clusters can range from bluish grey to light pinkish brown. ^[19] The grapes grow in small clusters (hence the pinecone shape), and upon ripening, often display a pinkish-gray hue, although the colors can vary from blue-gray to pinkish-brown. Pinot gris is often blended with Pinot noir to enrich and lighten the Pinot noir's flavor. ^[21]

Wine characteristics

Color variations among different styles of Pinot gris. (L-R) Italian Pinot Grigio with a straw yellow color, Alsatian Pinot gris with a lemon color, Oregon Pinot gris with a copper-pink color

Wines made from the Pinot gris vary greatly and are dependent on the region and wine making style they are from. Alsatian Pinot gris are medium to full bodied wines with a rich, somewhat floral bouquet. Alsace wine or Alsatian wine (in French: Vin d'Alsace) is produced in the Alsace region in France and is primarily white The glossary of wine terms lists the definitions of many terms used within the wine industry They tend to be spicy in comparisons with other Pinot gris. While most Pinot gris are meant to be consumed early, Alsatian Pinot gris can age well. German Pinot gris are more full-bodied with a balance of acidity and slight sweetness. German wine is primarily produced in the southwest of Germany, along River Rhine and its tributaries with the oldest plantations going back to the Roman In Oregon the wines are medium bodied with a yellow to copper-pink color and aromas of pear, apple, and/or melon. The state of Oregon in the United States has established an international reputation for its production of Wine. In California, the Pinot gris are more light bodied with a crisp, refreshing taste with some pepper and arugula notes. California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 Eruca sativa (syn E vesicaria subsp sativa (Miller Thell Brassica eruca L The Pinot grigio style of Italy is a light-bodied, often lean wine that is light in color with sometimes spritzy flavors that can be crisp and acidic. Italian wine is Wine produced in Italy, a Country which is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world ^[22] Although this wine can be very sweet, it will begin to lose its acidity when it is nearly ripe. ^[19]

Pinot gris is considered an "early to market wine" that can be bottled and out on the market within 4-12 weeks after fermentation. ^[23]

Synonyms

Pinot gris is called by many names in different parts of the world:

Synonym of Pinot gris	Country / Region
Auxerrois gris	Alsace
Fauvet	France
Fromentau	Languedoc
Fromentot	France
Grauburgunder / Grauer Burgunder	Austria Germany (dry)
Grauer Mönch	Germany
Grauklevner	Germany
Gris cordelier	France
Malvoisie	Loire Valley Switzerland
Monemvasia	Greece
Pinot grigio	Italy
Pinot beurot	Loire Valley, Burgundy
Ruländer	Austria Germany Romania (sweet)
Rulandské šedé	Czech Republic Slovakia
Sivi pinot	Croatia Slovenia
Szürkebarát	Hungary
Tokay d'Alsace	Alsace (renamed to Pinot gris due to EU regulations)

References