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Pietro Bembo

Born 20 May 1470(1470-05-20)
Venice, Italy1
Died 18 January 1547 (aged 76)
Rome, Italy
Occupation Scholar, Poet, Literary theorist, Catholic cardinal

Pietro Bembo (May 20, 1470 - either 11 January[1] or 18 January[2], 1547) was an Italian scholar, poet, literary theorist, and cardinal. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. He was an influential figure in the development of the Italian language, specifically Tuscan, as a literary medium, and his writings assisted in the 16th-century revival of interest in the works of Petrarch. Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar Bembo's ideas were also decisive in the formation of the most important secular musical form of the 16th century, the madrigal. A madrigal is a type of Secular vocal music composition written during the Renaissance and early Baroque eras [3]

Medal of Bembo, c.1539, from the British Museum.
Medal of Bembo, c. 1539, from the British Museum. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London.

Contents

Life

He was born in Venice to an aristocratic family. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the His father was an ambassador for the Venetian state, and while still a boy Pietro was able to accompany him on many of his travels; one of the places he visited was Florence, there acquiring a love for the Tuscan form of Italian, a love which was to prove so important in literary and musical history. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 He studied Greek for two years under Lascaris at Messina, and afterwards went to the University of Padua. Constantine Lascaris (1434 &ndash 1501 was a Greek scholar and Grammarian one of the promoters of the revival of Greek learning in the Italian peninsula Further travels included two years (1497-1499) spent at the Este court in Ferrara, then a significant literary and musical center. While there he met Ariosto and commenced writing his first work, Gli Asolani, a dialogue on the subject of courtly love. Gli Asolani (the people of Asolo) are dialogues in 3 books written between 1497 and 1504 by Pietro Bembo in the language The poems in this book were reminiscent of Boccaccio and Petrarch, and were widely set to music in the 16th century. Bembo himself preferred his poetry to be performed by a female singer accompanied by a lute, a wish which was granted to him when he met Isabella d'Este in 1505 and sent her a copy of his book. Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from Isabella d'Este ( 18 May 1474 &ndash 13 February 1539) was marchesa of Mantua and one of the leading women of the [4]

In 1502 and 1503 he was again in Ferrara, and had a love affair with the notorious Lucrezia Borgia, who was the wife of Alfonso d'Este. This article is about the historical person For the biographical opera see Lucrezia Borgia (opera. Alfonso d'Este ( 21 July, 1476 &ndash 31 October, 1534) was Duke of Ferrara during the time of the War of the League of He left around the time of Josquin des Prez's hire by Ercole I d'Este as composer to the chapel, and in time to avoid the plague which decimated the city in 1505, claiming the life of renowned composer Jacob Obrecht. Josquin des Prez (c 1450 to 1455 &ndash August 27 1521 often referred to simply as Josquin, was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. Ercole I d'Este ( October 26, 1431 &ndash June 15, 1505) was Duke of Ferrara from 1471 until 1505 Jacob Obrecht (1457/1458 &ndash late July 1505 was a Dutch composer of the Renaissance.

Between 1506 and 1512 he lived in Urbino, and it was here that he began to write his most influental work, a prose treatise on writing poetry in Italian, Prose della volgar lingua, although it was not to be published until much later. Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region in Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical In 1513 Bembo accompanied Giulio de' Medici to Rome, where he was soon after appointed secretary to Leo X. For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death On the pontiff's death in 1521 he retired, with impaired health, to Padua, and there lived for a number of years, during which he continued to write, and in 1525 finally published his famous Prose della volgar lingua. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. In 1529 he accepted the office of historiographer to Venice, his native city, and shortly afterwards was appointed librarian of St Mark's. Saint Mark's Basilica ( Italian: Basilica di San Marco a Venezia) the Cathedral of Venice, is the most famous of

Pope Paul III in 1539 made him a cardinal, and he went back to Rome. Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman While there he continued to write and revise his earlier work, in addition to studying theology and classical history; he received as reward the bishoprics of Gubbio and Bergamo. Gubbio is a town and Comune in the far northeastern part of the Italian Province of Perugia ( Umbria) It is located on the first slope of Mt Bergamo ( Bèrghem in Lombard, antiquated Wälsch-Bergen in German) is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about He died in Rome in his 77th year.

Works and influence

Bembo, as a writer, attempted to restore some of the legendary "affect" that ancient Greek had on its hearers, but in Tuscan Italian instead. He held as his model, and as the highest example of poetic expression ever achieved in Italian, the work of Petrarch and Boccaccio, two 14th century writers he assisted in bringing back into fashion.

In the Prose della volgar lingua he set Petrarch up as the perfect model, and discussed verse composition in detail, including rhyme, stress, the sounds of words, balance, and variety. In Bembo's theory, the specific placement of words in a poem, with strict attention to their consonants and vowels, their rhythm, their position within lines long and short, could produce emotions ranging from sweetness and grace to gravity and grief in a listener. [5] This work was of decisive importance in the development of the Italian madrigal, the most famous secular musical form of the 16th century, as it was these poems, carefully constructed (or, in the case of Petrarch, analyzed) according to Bembo's ideas, which were to be the primary texts for the music. [6]

Other works by Bembo include a History of Venice from 1487 to 1513 (published in 1551), as well as dialogues, poems, and essays. His early Gli Asolani explains and recommends Platonic affection, somewhat ironically considering his affair with Lucrezia Borgia, married at the time to his employer. Amor Platonicus The term amor platonicus was coined as early as the 15th century by the Florentine scholar Marsilio Ficino This article is about the historical person For the biographical opera see Lucrezia Borgia (opera. [7] His edition of Petrarch's Italian Poems, published by Aldus in 1501, and the Terzerime, which Aldus published in 1502, were also influential. Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar Aldus Manutius (1449/1450 – February 6, 1515) the Latinized name of Teobaldo Mannucci, sometimes called Aldus Manutius the Elder to distinguish Printer and composer Andrea Antico, active in Rome, was also influenced by Bembo; the early composers of the Venetian School, such as Adrian Willaert, helped to spread his theories among composers during that period of quick change. Andrea Antico (also Andrea Antico da Montona, Anticho, Antiquo) (c In music history the Venetian School is a term used to describe the Composers working in Venice from about 1550 to around 1610; it also describes Adrian Willaert (c 1490 &ndash 7 December 1562 was a Flemish Composer of the Renaissance and founder of the Venetian School. Willaert's collection of madrigals, Musica nova, show a close connection with Bembo's ideas. [8]

The typeface Bembo is named after him. Bembo is the name given to an Old style serif Typeface based upon a face cut by Francesco Griffo, first printed in February 1496 (1495 more veneto

Bibliography

References

Notes

  1. ^ Haar, Grove online (2001)
  2. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica [1]
  3. ^ Grove online
  4. ^ Haas, Grove online
  5. ^ Atlas, p. 433
  6. ^ Haar, Grove online
  7. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica, "Pietro Bembo. " 1911.
  8. ^ Haar, Grove online
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