Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (August 14, 1910–August 19, 1995) was a French composer, noted as the inventor of musique concrète. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Musique concrète ( French; literally "concrete music" is a style of Avant-garde music that relies on recorded sounds including natural
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Life
Schaeffer was born in Nancy. Nancy (nɑ̃si archaic Nanzig Nanzeg is a city and commune in the Lorraine région of northeastern France His parents were both musicians, and at first it seemed that Pierre would also take this as a career. He studied at the École Polytechnique and after a stint as a telecommunications engineer in Strasbourg from 1934, he is posted in 1936 at Radiodiffusion Française in Paris. For other Écoles Polytechniques see École Polytechnique de Montréal and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city It was there that he began to experiment, in 1948, with records because he has many questions about modern musical expression. He tried playing sounds backwards, slowing them down, speeding them up and juxtaposing them with other sounds, all techniques which were virtually unknown at that time. His first completed piece as a result of these experiments was the Étude aux chemins de fer (1948) which was made from recordings of trains.
By that time, Schaeffer had founded the Jeune France association, which had interests in theatre and visual art as well as music. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one In 1942, he created the Studio d'Essai (later known as the Club d'Essai), which played a role in the activities of the French resistance during World War II, and became a centre of musical activity afterwards. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
In 1949, Schaeffer met Pierre Henry. Pierre Henry (born December 9, 1927 in Paris, France) is a French composer considered a pioneer of the Musique concrète genre In 1951, he founded the Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète (GRMC) in the French Radio Institution. This gave him a new studio, which included a tape recorder. This article deals mainly with analog tape recorders for audio applications information on digital recording, recording of video signals, and This was a significant development for Schaeffer, who previously had to work with turntables to produce music. Schaeffer is generally acknowledged as being the first composer to make music using magnetic tape. Magnetic tape is a medium for Magnetic recording generally consisting of a thin magnetizable coating on a long and narrow strip of Plastic. His continued experimentation led him to publish A la recherche d'une musique concrète (The Search for a Concrete Music) in 1952, which was a summation of his working methods up to that point.
Schaeffer left the GRMC in 1953, marked out for others offices. He will reform the group in 1958 as the Groupe de Recherche Musicale (GRM) (at first without "s", then with "s"). One of his last pieces came in 1959, the Etudes aux Objets
Schaeffer became an associate professor at the Paris Conservatoire from 1968 to 1980 after creating a "class of fundamental music and application to the audiovisual. " Towards the end of his life, he suffered from Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease ( AD) also called Alzheimer disease or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of Dementia. He died in Aix-en-Provence in 1995. Aix (ɛks or Aix-en-Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Ais de Provença in classical norm or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm to distinguish
Musique Concrète
The term is often misunderstood as referring to simply making music out of "real world" sounds, or sounds other than those made by musical instruments. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Rather, it is a wider attempt to allow new ways of musical expression. Traditionally, (classical / serious) music starts as an abstraction, musical notation on paper or other medium, which is then produced into audible music. Musique concrète strives to start at the "concrete" sounds, experiment with them, and abstract them into a musical composition. The importance of Schaeffer's work with musique concrète is threefold from the contemporary point of view. He developed the concept of including any and all sounds into the musical vocabulary. At first he concentrated on working with sounds other than those produced by traditional musical instruments. Later on, he found it was possible to remove the familiarity of musical instrument sounds and abstract them further by techniques such as removing the attack of the recorded sound. He was among the first to manipulate recorded sound in the way that it could be used in conjunction with other such sounds in the making of a musical piece. This could be thought of as a precursor to contemporary sampling practices. Furthermore, he emphasized the importance of play (in his terms, jeu) in the creation of music. Schaeffer's idea of jeu comes from the French verb jouer, which carries the same double meaning as the English verb play: 'to enjoy oneself by interacting with one's surroundings', as well as 'to operate a musical instrument'. Play is a Rite and a quality of mind in engaging with one's worldview. This notion is at the core of the concept of musique concrète.
External links
- Pierre Schaeffer at Allmusic
- Analytics and biographics books about Pierre Schaeffer par Martial Robert
Recordings
- CDeMusic Distribution for EMF / Electronic Music Foundation - also INA-GRM Recordings
Bibliography
- ROBERT, Martial, Pierre Schaeffer : des Transmissions à Orphée, Pr. allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. J. -Cl. Risset Preface, Paris, éd. L'Harmattan, 1999, 13 boards, discography, sonography, filmo-vidéography, 181 schaeffer bibliographics references, 416 p.
- ROBERT, Martial, Pierre Schaeffer : d'Orphée à Mac Luhan, Pr. A. -J. Tudesq Preface, Paris, éd. L'Harmattan, 2000, 18 boards, sonography, filmo-vidéography, 294 schaeffer bibliographics references, 496 p.
- ROBERT, Martial, Pierre Schaeffer : de Mac Luhan au fantôme de Gutenberg, Pr. B. Vecchione Preface, Paris, éd. L'Harmattan, 2002, 18 boards, sonography, filmo-vidéography, general chronology of Pierre Schaeffer in his century, 249 schaeffer bibliographics references, 464 p.
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