Pierre Galet (1921- ) is a French ampelographer and author who was an influential figure within ampelography in the 20th century and before DNA typing was widely introduced. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Ampelography ( Αμπελος, "vine" + γραφος 'writing' is the field of Botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapevines Beginning in the 1950s, Pierre Galet introduced a system for identifying varieties based on the shape, contours and characteristics of the leaves of the vines, petioles, growing shoots, shoot tips, grape clusters, as well as the colour, size, seed content and flavour of the grapes. In Botanical nomenclature or biological nomenclature variety is a low-level Taxonomic rank below that of species and signifies members of different populations can In Botany, the petiole is the small stalk attaching the Leaf blade to the stem. Shoots are new plant growth they can include stems, flowering stems with flower buds leaves A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored ^[1] The impact and comprehensiveness of his work earned him the consideration as the "father of modern ampelography". ^[2] He started publishing within ampelography in the 1950s and his Ph. D. thesis was presented in 1967. He has also written popular science books on grape varieties. Galet was active at the École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier. The École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier is a French grande école created in 1848

Contents 1 Biography 2 Discoveries and findings 3 Writings 4 Awards and recognition 5 References

Biography

Pierre Galet was born in Monaco in 1921 and spent most his life in southern France. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque During World War II, Galet hid from the German authorities at the University of Montpellier. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The German occupation of France in World War II occurred during the period between May 1940 to December 1944 The University of Montpellier (Université Montpellier was a French University in Montpellier in the Languedoc-Roussillon région There he spent extensive amounts of time among the Department of Viticulture's Vitis collection which included samples of grapevines from across the globe. Viticulture (from the Latin word for Vine) is the Science, production and study of Grapes which deals with the series of Vitis is a genus of about 60 species of vining plants in the Flowering plant family Vitaceae. While there he was able to study the differences and learn about the different varieties. After the war, Galet would accept a teaching position at the University where from 1946-1989, he was at the forefront of advances in ampelography and was the mentor to several of the leading ampelographers of the late 20th century. Among his students was Paul Truel, who would categorized and identify several wine grapes varieties in Australia and Portugal. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice This is a list of varieties of cultivated Grapes whether used for Wine, or eating as a Table grape, fresh or dried ( Raisin, currant, sultana The Australian wine industry is the fourth-largest exporter in the world exporting over 400 million litres a year to a large international export market that includes "old world" Portuguese wine is part of the ancient traditions introduced to the region by ancient civilizations such as the Phoenicians Carthaginians Greeks, and mostly In addition to teaching, Galet traveled to wine regions in the United States, South America, Cyprus, North Africa, Asia and throughout Europe identify grape varieties and settling legal disputes involving them. American wine has been produced for over 300 years Today Wine production is performed in all fifty states with California leading the way in wine production followed South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The Cypriot wine industry ranks 37th in the world in terms of total production quantity (37500 tonnes North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan ^[2] One such legal dispute involved the European Union regulations banning the use of American Vitis Labrusca vines, such as Isabella and Noah, in European vineyards. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Vitis labrusca ( Fox grape) is a Species of Grape native to the eastern United States. The Isabella grape is a Cultivar derived from the Grape species Vitis Labrusca or 'fox grape' which is used for table juice and wine The Noah grape is a Cultivar derived from the Grape species Vitis labrusca or 'fox grape' which is used for table juice and Wine Galet has long been an advocate against forcing the mandatory uprooting of these vines, believing the ban is anachronistic. An anachronism (from the Greek "ana" " ανά " "against anti-" and "chronos" " χρόνος " ^[3]

Discoveries and findings

Through the course of his work, Galet has identified over 100 distinct grape varieties belong to the Pinot family. He has also identified vines across the globe that was mistakenly thought to be Pinot, long before DNA fingerprinting was widely used. One such occurrence happened in California in the 1980s when Galet discovered that vines labeled Pinot blanc were actually Melon de Bourgogne, a grape commonly associated with the Muscadet wines of the Loire Valley. California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 Pinot blanc is a white Wine Grape. It is a Genetic mutation of Pinot gris, which is itself a mutation of Pinot noir. Melon de Bourgogne is a variety of white Grape grown in the Loire Valley region of France and best known through its use in the Wine Muscadet is a type of dry French white Wine. It is made at the western end of the Loire Valley, near the city of Nantes in the Pays de la Loire The Loire Valley wine region includes the French wine regions situated along the Loire River from the Muscadet region near the city of Nantes These so-called "Pinot blanc" cuttings were provided by the University of California at Davis who mislabeled them. Plant cutting, also known as striking/cloning is a technique for vegetatively (asexually propagating plants in whicha piece of the source plant containing at least one The University of California Davis, commonly known as UC Davis, or just UCD, is a public coeducational university located in the city of Davis, ^[4]

Writings

Between 1956 and 1964, Galet published Cépages et vignoble de France, a four volume catalog of French wine grape varieties. French wine is produced in several regions throughout France, on over 800000 Hectares (over 2 million Acres of Vineyards and in a typical In 1977 and 1982, his two volume work, Maladies et parasites de la vigne, on various ailments and grape diseases was released and followed by the fifth edition of his handbook Précis de viticulture in 1988. This article is a list of diseases of Grapes ( Vitis spp Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Melanconium fuligineum In 2000, Galet released Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages, a comprehensive catalog of grape varieties from across the globe including their international synonyms. His student, ampelographer Lucie Morton, was influential in having many of Galet's work translated into English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States ^[2]

Awards and recognition

For his work in the advancement of viticulture and ampelography, Galet was made an Officier de l'Ordre du Mérite Agricole. In 1983, he was given a prize of special recognition by the L'Office national interprofessionnel des vins (OIV), the association of French vinters, for the collective body of his work. ^[2]

References

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