Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Pierre Boulez (pronounced [pjɛʁ buˈlɛz]) (b. March 26, 1925) is a French composer of contemporary classical music and conductor. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Contemporary classical music can be understood as belonging to a period that started in the mid-1970s with the retreat of modernism. Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures

Contents

Biography

Early years

Boulez was born in Montbrison, France. Montbrison is a commune of the Loire département, in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. He initially studied mathematics at Lyon before pursuing music at the Paris Conservatoire under Olivier Messiaen and the wife of Arthur Honegger, Andrée Vaurabourg. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. The Conservatoire de Paris is an institution of higher education that has played an important role in the development of Music in France and Western Europe Olivier Messiaen ( December 10 1908 &ndash April 27 1992 was a French Composer, organist and ornithologist. Arthur Honegger (March 10 1892 &ndash November 27 1955 was a Swiss Composer, who was born in France and lived a large part of his life in Paris. Andrée Vaurabourg (8 September 1894 Toulouse - 18 July 1980, Paris) was a French pianist and teacher He studied twelve-tone technique with René Leibowitz and went on to write atonal music in a post-Webernian serial style. Twelve-tone technique (also dodecaphony, especially in British usage twelve-note composition) is a method of musical composition devised by Arnold René Leibowitz (17 February 1913 &ndash 29 August 1972 was a French composer conductor music theorist and teacher born in Warsaw, Poland. Atonality in its broadest sense describes Music that lacks a tonal center, or key. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Anton Webern (December 3 1883 &ndash September 15 1945 was an Austrian Composer In Music, serialism is a technique for composition that uses sets to describe musical elements, and allows the manipulation of those Boulez was initially part of a cadre of early supporters of Leibowitz, but due to an altercation with Leibowitz, their relations turned divisive, as Boulez spent much of his career promoting the music of Messiaen instead. The first fruits of this were his cantatas Le Visage nuptial and Le Soleil des eaux for female voices and orchestra, both composed in the late 1940s and revised several times since, as well as the Second Piano Sonata of 1948, a well-received 32-minute work that Boulez composed at the age of 23. A cantata (derived from the Italian word 'cantare' meaning 'to sing' is a vocal composition with an instrumental Accompaniment and often An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Pierre Boulez composed three piano sonatas The First Piano Sonata in 1946 a Second Piano Sonata in 1948 and a Third Piano Sonata Thereafter, Boulez was influenced by Messiaen's research to extend twelve-tone technique beyond the realm of pitch organization, serialising durations, dynamics, mode of attack, and so on. Pitch represents the perceived Fundamental frequency of a sound Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of In Music, dynamics normally refers to the volume of a Sound or note, but can also refer to every aspect of the execution of a given piece either stylistic In Music, an accent is an emphasis placed on a particular note, either as a result of its context or specifically indicated by an accent mark. This technique became known as integral serialism. In Music, serialism is a technique for composition that uses sets to describe musical elements, and allows the manipulation of those Boulez quickly became one of the philosophical leaders of the post-war movement in the arts towards greater abstraction and experimentation. Many composers of Boulez's generation taught at the Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik in Darmstadt, Germany. Initiated in 1946 by Wolfgang Steinecke, the Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik Darmstadt ( Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music held annually Darmstadt is a city in the Bundesland Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The so-called Darmstadt School composers were instrumental in creating a style that, for a time, existed as an antidote to music of nationalist fervor; an international, even cosmopolitan style, a style that could not be 'co-opted' as propaganda in the way that the Nazis used, for example, the music of Ludwig van Beethoven. Darmstadt School refers to a loose group of compositional styles created by composers who attended the Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music from the The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. [1] Boulez was in contact with many young composers who would become influential, including John Cage. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr

Serialism

"[A]ny musician who has not experienced — I do not say understood, but truly experienced — the necessity of dodecaphonic music is USELESS. For his whole work is irrelevant to the needs of his epoch. "
Pierre Boulez ("Eventuellement. . . ", 1952, translated as "Possibly. . . ")[2]

Boulez's totally serialized, punctual works consist of Polyphonie X (1950–51; withdrawn) for 18 instruments, the two musique-concrète Études (1951–52), and Structures, book I for two pianos. Punctualism (commonly also called "pointillism" or "point music" is a style of musical composition prevalent in Europe between 1949 and 1955 "whose Polyphonie X is a composition by Pierre Boulez for eighteen instruments divided into seven groups written in 1950-51 Structures I (1952 and Structures II (1961 are two related works for two Pianos composed by the French Composer [3] The latter work was quite successful, and seems to sum up the feelings of zero hour in Europe during the early 1950s. Stunde Null is the German language equivalent of " zero hour " a Military planning term indicating the beginning of some operation Structures was also a turning point for Boulez. As one of the most visible totally serialized works, it became a lightning rod for various kinds of criticism. György Ligeti, for example, published an article that examined its patterns of durations, dynamics, pitch, and attack types in great detail, concluding that its "ascetic attitude" is "akin to compulsion neurosis", and that Boulez "had to break away from it. . . . And so he created the sensual feline world of the 'Marteau'". [4] These criticisms, combined with what Boulez felt was a lack of expressive flexibility in the language, as he outlined in his essay "At the Limit of Fertile Land. . . " had already led Boulez to refine his compositional language. He loosened the strictness of his total serialism into a more supple and strongly gestural music, and did not publicly reveal much about these techniques, which limited further discussion. His first venture into this new kind of serialism was a work for 12 solo voices titled Oubli signal lapidé (1952), but it was withdrawn after a single performance. Its material was reused in the 1970 composition Cummings ist der Dichter. [5]

Le marteau sans maître

Boulez's strongest achievement in this method is his masterpiece Le marteau sans maître (The Hammer without a Master) for ensemble and voice, from 1953 to 1957, one of the few works of advanced music from the 1950s to remain in the repertoire. Le marteau sans maître ( The hammer without master) is a composition by the French Composer Pierre Boulez. Le marteau was a surprising and revolutionary synthesis of many different streams in modern music, as well as seeming to encompass the sound worlds of modern jazz, the Balinese Gamelan, traditional African musics, and traditional Japanese musics. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and Fluent and expressive, even sensuous, in a way that Boulez's earlier serial works had not been, it was hailed by diverse musicians, including Igor Stravinsky. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Boulez described one of the work's innovations, called "pitch multiplication", in several articles, most importantly in the chapter "Musical Technique" in Boulez 1971. This article is about multiplication in Music; for multiplication in Mathematics see Multiplication. It was Lev Koblyakov, however, who first described its presence in the three "L'Artisanat furieux" movements of Le Marteau sans maître,[6] and in his 1981 doctoral thesis. [7] However, an explanation of the processes themselves was not made until 1993. [8] Other techniques used in the "Bourreaux de solitude" cycle were first described by Ulrich Mosch,[9] and later fully elaborated by him. [10]

Experimentation

After Le marteau sans maître, Boulez began to strengthen the position of the music post-WWI modern composers through conducting and advocacy. He also began to consider new avenues in his own work. With Pli selon pli for orchestra with solo soprano, he began to work with an idea of improvisation and open-endedness. Pli selon pli ( Fold by fold) is a piece of classical music by the French Composer Pierre Boulez. In Music, a solo (from the Italian solo, meaning alone) is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung by a single performer This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. He considered how the conductor might be able to 'improvise' on vague notations, such as the fermata, and how the players might 'improvise' on irrational durations, such as grace notes. A grace note is a kind of Music notation used to denote several kinds of musical ornaments. In addition, he worked with the idea of leaving the specific ordering of movements or sections of music open to be chosen for a particular night of a performance, an idea related to the polyvalent form of Karlheinz Stockhausen. Aleatoric music (also aleatory music or chance music; from the Latin word alea, meaning " Dice " is Music Interestingly, though the two works sound similar today, and certainly represent the same impeccable craft, Pli selon pli was not received as well as Le marteau. This is perhaps more of a cultural barometer than a reflection on the work itself. During the time that Boulez was testing these new ideas, those colleagues who had never been entirely comfortable with the prominence of a rigorous musical language, such as György Ligeti, had brought a convincing musical counter argument to Boulez's musical ideals. In a poetic twist, Boulez had moved from peerless respect for Le marteau sans maître to seeming defeat with Pli selon pli (Fold upon fold), which sets a Stéphane Mallarmé poem about the tripping impotence of a swan, unable to take flight from a frozen lake. Stéphane Mallarmé (malaʁ'me ( March 18, 1842 – September 9, 1898) whose real name was Étienne Mallarmé, was a French

Controlled chance

"Why compose works that have to be re-created every time they are performed? Because definitive, once-and-for-all developments seem no longer appropriate to musical thought as it is today, or to the actual state that we have reached in the evolution of musical technique, which is increasingly concerned with the investigation of a relative world, a permanent 'discovering' rather like the state of 'permanent revolution'. This article is about the theory See Permanent Revolution (group for the group of the same name and Permanent Revolution (album for the Catch 22 "
Pierre Boulez ("Sonate, que me veux-tu?", 1960)[11]

From the 1950s, beginning with the Third Piano Sonata (1955–57/63), Boulez experimented with what he called "controlled chance" and he developed his views on aleatoric music in the articles "Aléa" and "Sonate, que me veux-tu?"[12]. Pierre Boulez composed three piano sonatas The First Piano Sonata in 1946 a Second Piano Sonata in 1948 and a Third Piano Sonata Aleatoric music (also aleatory music or chance music; from the Latin word alea, meaning " Dice " is Music His use of chance, which he would later employ in compositions like Eclat (1965), Domaines (1961–68) and Rituel in Memoriam Bruno Maderna (1974–75), is very different from that in the works of, for example, John Cage. Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna (1974–75 is a composition for large chamber ensemble in eight groups by the French Composer Pierre Boulez WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr While in Cage's music the performers are often given the freedom to improvise and create completely unforeseen sounds, with the object of removing the composer's intention from the music, in works by Boulez they only get to choose between possibilities that have been written out in detail by the composer—a method that, when applied to the successional order of sections, is often described as "mobile form".

1970s

Boulez's output since the late 1970s has been of a different kind since the early works that brought him to initial prominence. After a rapid succession of explosive works, such as the three cantatas on poetry by René Char, the first two piano sonatas, and other chamber music, compositions have tended to be contemplated and expanded over a long period of time, during which they were performed in various stages of development. . . . explosante-fixe. . . , now resembling a flute concerto with electronics, was first published in 1971 as a sketch in the journal Tempo as a memorial tribute to Stravinsky, then worked out in various versions, including one for mixed octet with electronics performed in 1973. The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its The term Concerto (plural concertos or concerti) usually refers to a three part musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an Orchestra Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Eclat/Multiples has remained a large fragment, and Dérive II (1988/2002/2006) and Répons (1980/82/84) have been performed in various stages of development. The desire to expand unrealized possibilities has also lead Boulez to create related works in series. His early twelve miniatures for piano, Notations (1945), has, since the 1970s, been in the process of being expanded as an orchestral cycle. To date, at least seven movements have been completed. The material contained in Anthèmes for solo violin, itself once expanded, was later worked out as an extended composition for violin and electronics Anthèmes 2. Anthèmes is the name of two compositions by the French Composer Pierre Boulez. Boulez now plans to further realize the material's implications as a violin concerto. Incises, a short work for solo piano, has since exploded into Sur Incises for three percussive groups (pianos, harps, percussion) in two very extended movements. Incises (1994/2001 and Sur Incises (1996/1998 are two related works of the French Composer Pierre Boulez.

Electronic music

After the 1960s, in which he had produced little, Boulez began to turn back to the electronic medium and to large extended works. Although unsatisfied with the products of his work with tape in the 1950s (Two Studies, Poésie pour pouvoir) he began to explore the possibilities of live electronic sound manipulation. His first attempt was the 1973 version of . . . explosant/fixe. . . However, at around this time president Georges Pompidou began to discuss with Boulez the possibility of creating an institute for the exploration and development of modern music where there would be a chance to explore the medium seriously. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (5 July 1911 2 April 1974 was President of the French Republic from 1969 until his death in 1974 This was to become IRCAM. IRCAM ( Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique) is a European institute for Science about music and sound and avant garde electro-acoustical At IRCAM, Boulez created an environment where composers would have at hand the best performers available, and where the most advanced technology and computer scientists would be at their service. Boulez now began to explore the use of electronic sound transformation in real time. Previously electronic music had to be recorded to tape, which thus 'fixed' it. The temporal aspect of any live music making in which it played a part had to be coordinated with the tape exactly. Boulez found this impossibly restrictive. Now at IRCAM, he composed Répons, for six instrumental groups, chamber orchestra, and electronics. Répons is a composition by French Composer Pierre Boulez for a large Chamber orchestra with 6 soloists and live electronics With the assistance of Andrew Gerzso Boulez fashioned a work in which the computer captured the resonance and spatialization of sounds created by the ensemble and processed them in real time. In Physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to Oscillate at maximum Amplitude at certain frequencies, known as the system's Spatialization is the aspect of music related with space The term is connected with Electroacoustic music and Spatial music to denote sound's different sources in

Recent years

Today, Boulez continues to be one of the leaders of the post-World War II musical modernism. His compositions have enriched musical culture, and his advocacy of modern and postmodern music has been decisive for many. Boulez continues to conduct and compose. From 1976 to 1995, Boulez held the Chair in "Invention, technique et langage en musique" at the Collège de France. The Collège de France is a higher education and research establishment ( Grand établissement) located in Paris, France, in the 5th arrondissement In 2002 he was awarded the Glenn Gould Prize for his contributions. The Glenn Gould Prize is an international award bestowed by the Glenn Gould Foundation in memory of noted Canadian pianist Glenn Gould. In 2007, Boulez finished recording the Mahler cycle for Deutsche Grammophon with his recording of Mahler's 8th Symphony with the Staatskapelle Berlin, the Berlin State Opera and Radio choruses. Deutsche Grammophon is a German classical Record label. The company has long been known for its high standards of audio fidelity. The Symphony No 8 in E-flat major by Gustav Mahler, known as the Symphony of a Thousand, was mostly written in 1906 with its vast Orchestration The Staatskapelle Berlin is the orchestra of the Berlin State Opera (Berliner Staatsoper Unter den Linden Staatsoper Unter den Linden ( Berlin State Opera) is a prominent German Opera company

Boulez as a conductor

Boulez is also a conductor, known the world over having directed most of the world's leading symphony orchestras and ensembles since the late fifties. Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures He served concurrently as musical advisor of the Cleveland Orchestra from 1970 to 1972, chief conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra from 1971 to 1975, and music director of the New York Philharmonic from 1971 to 1977. The Cleveland Orchestra, located in Cleveland, Ohio is one of the major symphony Orchestras in the United States. The New York Philharmonic is the oldest active Symphony Orchestra in the United States, organized during 1842 He is currently the Conductor Emeritus of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, after having been its Principal Guest Conductor. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra ( CSO) is an American orchestra based in Chicago Illinois. The orchestras which he has conducted in recent years include the Berlin and Vienna Philharmonics, the London Symphony Orchestra (2004 tour), the Orchestre de Paris, the Ensemble InterContemporain, the Mahler Chamber Orchestra. The Berlin Philharmonic (in German: Die Berliner Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra based in Berlin, Germany. The Vienna Philharmonic (in German: die Wiener Philharmoniker) is an Orchestra in Austria, regularly considered one of the finest in the The London Symphony Orchestra ( LSO) is one of the major orchestras of the United Kingdom. The Orchestre de Paris is a French Orchestra founded in 1967 based in Paris, whose current music director is Christoph Eschenbach. The Ensemble InterContemporain is a Chamber orchestra specializing in Contemporary classical music. The Mahler Chamber Orchestra is a professional touring chamber orchestra founded by Claudio Abbado and former members of the Gustav Mahler Youth Orchestra in 1997 In 2005 he began a collaboration with the Staatskapelle Berlin. The Staatskapelle Berlin is the orchestra of the Berlin State Opera (Berliner Staatsoper Unter den Linden

Boulez is particularly famed for his polished interpretations of twentieth century classics—Alban Berg, Claude Debussy, Gustav Mahler, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, Béla Bartók, Anton Webern and Edgard Varèse[13]—as well as for numerous performances of contemporary music. Alban Maria Johannes Berg (February 9 1885 &ndash December 24 1935 was an Austrian Composer. Achille-Claude Debussy (aʃil klod dəbysi (August 22 1862 &ndash March 25 1918 was a French Composer. Arnold Schoenberg ( pronounced ˈʃøːnbɛrk (13 September 1874 &ndash 13 July 1951 was an Austrian and later American Composer, associated with Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Béla Viktor János Bartók (March 25 1881&ndashSeptember 26 1945 was a Hungarian Composer and Pianist, considered to be one of the greatest WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Anton Webern (December 3 1883 &ndash September 15 1945 was an Austrian Composer WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse, whose name was also spelled Edgar Varèse Clarity, precision, rhythmic agility and a respect for the composers' intentions as notated in the musical score are the hallmarks of his conducting style. [14][15][16][17] In 1984 he collaborated with Frank Zappa and conducted the Ensemble Intercontemporain, who performed three of Zappa's pieces. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director The Ensemble InterContemporain is a Chamber orchestra specializing in Contemporary classical music. He never uses a baton, conducting with his hands alone. A baton is a stick that is used by conductors primarily to indicate the musical beat of a piece through horizontal and vertical movements His nineteenth century repertoire focuses upon Ludwig van Beethoven, Hector Berlioz, Robert Schumann and especially Richard Wagner. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Robert Schumann, sometimes given as Robert Alexander Schumann (June 8 1810 &ndash July 29 1856 was a German Composer, Aesthete and influential Music critic His recording of Anton Bruckner's Eighth Symphony has met with considerable critical acclaim. Anton Bruckner (4 September 1824 &ndash 11 October 1896 was an Austrian composer known primarily for his symphonies, masses, and Motets Anton Bruckner 's Symphony No 8 in C minor is the last Symphony the composer completed [18] In 1974 he also recorded Maurice Ravel's then little-known orchestral version of "Une Barque sur l'océan" from Miroirs, when there was still no printed score. Miroirs ("Mirrors" is a solo Piano work by Maurice Ravel written from 1904&ndash1905 [19] The score was published only in 1983, and even then only in the first of two slightly different versions Ravel had made.

During his tenure as music director of the New York Philharmonic he was criticized, even by members of the orchestra, for his concentration on modern repertoire at the expense of works by earlier composers. Nonetheless, Boulez' controversial "Rug" concerts of contemporary music with members of the New York Philharmonic played a significant role in "bridging" the widening gap between the New York downtown music scene with concerts of "uptown" music, directed primarily at Columbia University by a former classmate at the Paris Conservatoire and a pupil of Leibowitz, Jacques-Louis Monod. Downtown music is a subdivision of American music. The scene the term describes began in 1960 when Yoko Ono — one of the Fluxus artists at that time Jacques-Louis Monod (born February 25, 1927) is an influential French-born, American domiciled Composer, Pianist and In his 1981 volume of compilation of reviews from the New York Times, Facing the Music, critic Harold C. Schonberg includes a column in which he details how unhappy some members of the New York Philharmonic orchestra were with Boulez during his tenure. Harold Charles Schonberg (November 29 1915 - July 26 2003 was an American Music critic and Journalist, most notably for The New York Times

Boulez has also conducted opera productions and made several recordings of opera. He joined the Bayreuth Festival's roster for 1966's Parsifal, after Hans Knappertsbusch died. The Bayreuth Festival is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of Operas by the 19th century German composer Parsifal is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Hans Knappertsbusch ( March 12, 1888 &ndash October Subsequently, he was the conductor for the 1976 centenary production of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, directed by Patrice Chéreau, recordings of which were commercially released in audio and video formats. Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung) is a cycle of four epic Music dramas by the German composer Patrice Chéreau (born 2 November 1944) is a French Opera and Theatre director, Filmmaker, Actor, and Boulez reunited with Chéreau for a late seventies production of Alban Berg's Lulu at the Paris Opera (the first-ever production of the completed opera) and later a 2007 production in Amsterdam of Leoš Janáček's From the House of the Dead, in what Boulez said was the last opera production that he would ever conduct. Alban Maria Johannes Berg (February 9 1885 &ndash December 24 1935 was an Austrian Composer. This is an article about an American automobile company For other subjects with similar names see Lulu. The Palais Garnier, also known as the Opéra de Paris or Opéra Garnier, but more commonly as the Paris Opéra, is a 2200-seat Leoš Janáček ( (July 3 1854 &ndash August 12 1928 was a Czech Composer, musical theorist, folklorist, publicist and teacher From the House of the Dead ( Z Mrtvého Domu in Czech) is an Opera by Leoš Janáček, in three acts [20] In 2004, Boulez had returned to Bayreuth to conduct Parsifal. Other operas Boulez has conducted include Berg's Wozzeck (Opéra National de Paris), Wagner's Tristan und Isolde (Bayreuth, Japan tour), Bartók's Bluebeard's Castle (Aix-en-Provence Festival, choreographed by Pina Bausch, and concert performances), Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande (Covent Garden and WNO) and Arnold Schoenberg's Moses und Aron (Amsterdam and Salzburg). Wozzeck is the first Opera by the Austrian composer Alban Berg. Opéra National de Paris is the leading Opera company of France. Tristan und Isolde ( Tristan and Isolde, or Tristan and Isolda) is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner The Bayreuth Festival is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of Operas by the 19th century German composer Duke Bluebeard's Castle (A kékszakállú herceg vára literally The Castle of the Blue-Bearded Prince) is a one-act opera by Hungarian composer The festival international d'art lyrique is an annual international music festival which takes place each summer in Aix-en-Provence Philippine "Pina" Bausch (born July 27, 1940 in Solingen, Germany) is a Modern dance choreographer and a leading Pelléas et Mélisande ( Pelléas and Mélisande) is an Opera in five acts with music by Claude Debussy. WikipediaWikiProject Opera --> The Royal Opera House is an Opera house and major performing Welsh National Opera ( WNO) is a touring Opera company founded in Cardiff, Wales in 1946 Moses und Aron (Moses and Aaron is a two-act Opera by Arnold Schoenberg with a third act unfinished De Nederlandse Opera (DNO (The Netherlands Opera in Amsterdam, is the leading Opera company of the Netherlands. The Salzburg Festival (Salzburger Festspiele is a prominent festival of Music and Drama.

Boulez as a writer

Boulez is also an articulate, perceptive and sweeping writer on music. [21] Some articles—notably the notorious "Schoenberg is Dead"—were deliberately provocative and veered towards polemic. Arnold Schoenberg ( pronounced ˈʃøːnbɛrk (13 September 1874 &ndash 13 July 1951 was an Austrian and later American Composer, associated with [22] Others dealt with questions of technique and aesthetics in a deeply reflective if sometimes elliptical manner. Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called These writings have mostly been republished under the titles Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship, Orientations: Collected Writings, and Boulez on Music Today, as well as in the journal of the Darmstadt composers of the time, Die Reihe. A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily has several related meanings a daily record of events or business a private Die Reihe was an influential German-language music journal edited by Herbert Eimert and Karlheinz Stockhausen, and published by Universal Edition ( A third edition of the French texts, with previously uncollected material, has appeared under the title Points de repère I, II, and III. [23]

Two interviews with Pierre Boulez have recently been published. [24]

Awards

Compositions

Main article: List of compositions by Pierre Boulez

Bibliography

  • Anon. Incises (1994/2001 and Sur Incises (1996/1998 are two related works of the French Composer Pierre Boulez. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. A mallet is a type of hammer with a head made of softer materials than the Steel normally used in hammerheads so as to avoid damaging a delicate surface Anthèmes is the name of two compositions by the French Composer Pierre Boulez. The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical 2008. "Pierre Boulez—Every Composer Chooses His Fathers". In Talking to Kinky and Karlheinz—170 Musicians Get Vocal on the Music Show, edited by Anni Heino, 254–62. Sydney: ABC Books. ISBN 9780733320088.
  • Barulich, Frances. 1988. "Pierre Boulez by Dominique Jameux; Pierre Boulez und sein Werk by Theo Hirsbrunner; Pierre Boulez: A Symposium edited by William Glock; Orientations: Collected Writings by Pierre Boulez edited and with an introduction by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and translated by Martin Cooper; Éclats/Boulez edited by Claude Samuel with the collaboration of Jacqueline Muller; Pierre Boulez: Eine Festschrift zum 60. Geburtstag am 26. März 1985 edited by Josef Häusler; Boulez in Bayreuth/Boulez à Bayreuth: Der Jahrhundert-Ring/The Centenary 'Ring'/Le 'Ring' du centenaire Histoire d'un 'Ring' Entretiens sur la 'Tétralogie du centenaire': Pierre Boulez, Jeffrey Tate, Jean-Jacques Nattiez" [book review]. Notes 2nd series, 45, no. 1 (September): 48–52.
  • Blaustein, Susan. 1989. “The Survival of Aesthetics: Books by Boulez, Delio, Rochberg”. Perspectives of New Music 27, no. 1 (Winter): 272–303.
  • Boulez, Pierre (1952a), “Schoenberg is Dead”, Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship, Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 1991), pp. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, 209–214, ISBN 0193112108 
  • Boulez, Pierre (1952b), “Possibly. . . ”, Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship, Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 1991), pp. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, 111–140, ISBN 0193112108 
  • Boulez, Pierre (1957), “Alea”, Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship, Oxford: Oxford University Press (published 1991), pp. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, 26–38, ISBN 0193112108 
  • Boulez, Pierre (1960), “'Sonate, que me veux-tu?'”, Orientations: Collected Writings, London: Faber and Faber (published 1986), pp. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Faber and Faber, often abbreviated to Faber, is an independent publishing house in the UK, notable in particular for publishing 143–154, ISBN 0571143474 
  • Boulez, Pierre. 1971. Boulez on Music Today, translate by Susan Bradshaw and Richard Rodney Bennett. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674080068; London: Faber. ISBN 0571094201
  • Boulez, Pierre; Nattiez, Jean Jacques (1981). Orientations: Collected Writings. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674643763.  . New edition, translated by Martin Cooper from the second French edition of Points de repère, London and Boston: Faber & Faber, 1986. ISBN 057113811X (cased); ISBN 0571138357 (pbk).
  • Boulez, Pierre. 1995. Points de repère. I: Imaginer, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Sophie Galaise, with the collaboration of Robert Piecikowski. Musique/passé/présent. Paris: Bourgois.
  • Boulez, Pierre. 2005a. Points de repère. II: Regards sur autrui, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez and Sophie Galaise. Musique/passé/présent. Paris: Bourgois.
  • Boulez, Pierre. 2005b. Points de repère. III: Leçons de musique: Deux décennies d'enseignement au Collège de France, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez, preface by Jonathan Goldman, foreword by Michel Fouculta. Musique/passé/présent. Paris: Bourgois.
  • Boulez, Pierre, and Dan Albertson. 2007. ". . . 'ouvert', encore. . . ". Contemporary Music Review 26, nos. 3–4 (June–August):. 339–40.
  • Burnham, Scott G. "Beethoven, Ludwig van, §19: Posthumous influence and reception (iii) Political reception. ", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy. (Subscription access).
  • Di Pietro, Rocco. 2001. Dialogues with Boulez. Lanham, Md. :The Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0810839326
  • Ewen, David. 1971. "Pierre Boulez". In David Ewen, Composers of Tomorrow's Music: A Non-technical Introduction to the Musical Avant-garde Movement, 78–93. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. ISBN 0396062865
  • Griffiths, Paul. 1995. Modern Music and After: Directions Since 1945. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198165781 (cloth); ISBN 0198165110 (pbk)
  • Harvey, Jonathan. 1971. “A Clear View”. Musical Times 112, no. 1540 (June): 557.
  • Hayes, Malcolm. 1992. Review of Stocktakings from an Apprenticeship by Pierre Boulez; Stephen Walsh. Tempo new series, no. 180 (Mar. , 1992): 29–30.
  • Heinemann, Stephen. 1993. "Pitch-Class Set Multiplication in Boulez's Le Marteau sans maître". DMA thesis. Seattle: University of Washington.
  • Heinemann, Stephen (1998). "Pitch-Class Set Multiplication in Theory and Practice". Music Theory Spectrum vol. 20 (no. 1 (Spring)): pp. 72-96.  
  • Hopkins, G. W. , and Paul Griffiths. 2006. "Pierre Boulez", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy. (Subscription access)
  • Jameux, Dominique. 1991. Pierre Boulez, translated by Susan Bradshaw. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674667409 London: Faber. ISBN 057113744X
  • Koblyakov, Lev. 1977. "P. Boulez Le marteau sans maître: Analysis of Pitch Structure". Zeitschrift für Musiktheorie 8, no. 1:24–39.
  • Koblyakov, Lev. 1981. "The World of Harmony of Pierre Boulez: Analysis of Le marteau sans maître". Ph. D. diss. , Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
  • Koblyakov, Lev. 1990. Pierre Boulez: A World of Harmony. Contemporary Music Studies 2. Chur, Switzerland, and New York: Harwood Academic Publishers. ISBN 3718604221
  • Ligeti, György. 1960. "Pierre Boulez: Decision and Automatism in Structure Ia. " Die Reihe 4 (Young Composers): 36-62. (Translated from the original German edition of 1958. )
  • McNamee, Ann K. 1992. "Are Boulez and Stockhausen Ready for the Mainstream? A Review" The Musical Quarterly 76, No. 2 (Summer, 1992), pp. 283–91.
  • Mosch, Ulrich. 1997. "Wahrnehmungsweisen serieller Musik. " Musiktheorie 12: 61–70.
  • Mosch, Ulrich. 2004. Musikalisches Hören serieller Musik: Untersuchungen am Beispiel von Pierre Boulez' Le Marteau sans maître. Saarbrücken: Pfau-Verlag. ISBN 3897272539
  • Obrist, Hans Ulrich, and Philippe Parreno. 2008. "An Interview with Pierre Boulez". In Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital Music and Culture, edited by Paul D. Miller, a. k. a. DJ Spooky That Subliminal Kid, 361–74. DJ Spooky That Subliminal Kid (born Paul D Miller,1970 is a Washington DC-born electronic and experimental Hip hop musician whose work is often called " Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262633635
  • Peyser, Joan. 1976. Boulez: Composer, Conductor, Enigma. New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0028717007; London: Cassell. ISBN 0304299014
  • Vermeil, Jean. 1996. Conversations with Boulez: Thoughts on Conducting. Translated by Camille Nash, with a selection of programs conducted by Boulez and a discography by Paul Griffiths. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 1574670077

References

  1. ^ Scott G. Burnham. "Beethoven, Ludwig van, §19: Posthumous influence and reception (iii) Political reception. ", Grove Music Online, ed. The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an Encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians L. Macy (accessed February 10, 2007), grovemusic.com (subscription access). Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  2. ^ Boulez 1952b, p. 113
  3. ^ Hopkins and Griffiths 2006
  4. ^ Ligeti 1960, 62
  5. ^ Hopkins, G. W. , and Paul Griffiths. 2006. "Pierre Boulez", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy Retrieved on 13 November 2006
  6. ^ Koblyakov 1977.
  7. ^ Koblyakov 1981, published as Koblyakov 1990.
  8. ^ Heinemann 1993
  9. ^ Mosch 1997
  10. ^ Mosch 2004.
  11. ^ Boulez 1960, p. 143.
  12. ^ Boulez 1957 and 1960
  13. ^ Vermeil 1996.
  14. ^ Press Quotes for Bartók Piano Concertos Nos.1-3 Boulez 4775330. Deutsche Grammophon. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  15. ^ Kozinn, Allan. "Peering Into the Mechanism of Stravinsky's 'Rite of Spring'", New York Times, 1 Feb 2005. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final  
  16. ^ Oestreich, James. "Music Review; Colorful Sounds, Tuned by a Dynamo", New York Times, 16 March 2000. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final  
  17. ^ Tommasini, Anthony. "A Good Scrubbing for Mahler", New York Times, 29 Jan 2005. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final  
  18. ^ Marc Bridle. Review of Boulez's Bruckner 8th Symphony on CD. MusicWeb International. Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
  19. ^ Boulez at 70: Pierre Boulez as conductor in his recent DG recordings and in conversation with Stephen Plaistow. A Gramophone magazine/Deutsche Grammophon CD (1995)
  20. ^ Tim Ashley. Gramophone is a magazine published monthly in London by Haymarket devoted to classical music and particularly recordings of classical Deutsche Grammophon is a German classical Record label. The company has long been known for its high standards of audio fidelity. "From the House of the Dead", The Guardian, 4 June 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece.  
  21. ^ Barulich 1988, 50; Blaustein 1989, 273; Harvey 1971, 557; Hayes 1992, 29; McNamee 1992, 286 all cite his writing as "perceptive".
  22. ^ Boulez 1952a
  23. ^ Boulez 1995, 2005a, and 2005b.
  24. ^ Boulez and Albertson 2007; Obrist and Parreno 2008.

External links

Persondata
NAME Boulez, Pierre
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Composer, conductor, writer
DATE OF BIRTH March 26, 1925
PLACE OF BIRTH Montbrison, France
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Montbrison is a commune of the Loire département, in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic