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"Piedmontese" redirects here. For other uses, see Piedmontese (disambiguation).
Piedmontese
Piemontese, Piemontèis
Spoken in: Flag of Italy Italy 
Region: northwest Italy, Piedmont
Total speakers: ~2. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. 000. 000
Language family: Indo-European
 Italic
  Romance
   Italo-Western
    Western
     Gallo-Romance
      Gallo-Italic
       Piedmontese
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: roa
ISO 639-3: pms
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Italic subfamily is a member of the Indo-European language family's Centum branch The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all The Gallo-Romance branch of Romance languages includes French, Occitan, Arpitan, and several other languages spoken in modern France Northern Italian (traditional name in Romance linguistics Padanian (recent name or Cisalpine (rare name is a linguistic set with different definitions ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

Piedmontese (in Piedmontese: Piemontèis) is a Romance language spoken by over 2 million people in Piedmont, northwest Italy. The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest It is geographically and linguistically included in the Northern Italian group (with Lombard, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian and Venetian). Northern Italian (traditional name in Romance linguistics Padanian (recent name or Cisalpine (rare name is a linguistic set with different definitions Lombard is a language spoken mainly in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions notably the eastern side of Piedmont Emiliano-Romagnolo (also known as Emilian-Romagnolo) is a Romance language mostly spoken in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The Ligurian language was spoken in pre-Roman times and into the Roman era by an ancient people of north-western Italy and south-eastern France known as the Ligures Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. It is part of the wider western group of Romance languages, like French, Occitan and Catalan. The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official

Many European & American/Canadian linguists (e. g. Einar Haugen, Gianrenzo P. Einar Ingvald Haugen (ˈhaʊgən ( April 19, 1906 - June 20, 1994) was an American linguist and Professor at Clivio, Hans Göbl, Helmut Lüdtke, George Bossong, Klaus Bochmann, Karl Gebhardt, Guiu Sobiela Caanitz) acknowledge Piedmontese as an independent language, though in Italy it is often still considered an Italian dialect. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Today it has a certain official status in the Piemont region of Italy. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy.

Piedmontese was the first language of the emigrants who left Piedmont, in the period 1850-1950, for countries like France, Argentina and Uruguay. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America

Contents

Origins

The first documents in the Piedmontese language were written in the 12th century, the sermones subalpini, when it was extremely close to Occitan. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Literary Piedmontese developed in the 17th and 18th centuries. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system It did not gain literary esteem comparable to that of French and Italian, other languages used in Piedmont. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Nevertheless, literature in Piedmontese has never ceased to be produced: it includes poetry, theatre pieces, novels and scientific work. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story

Characteristics

Some of the most relevant characteristics of the Piedmontese language are:

  1. The presence of verbal pronouns, which give a Piedmontese phrase the following form: (subject) + verbal pronoun + verb, as in (mi) i von [I go]. Verbal pronouns are absent only in the imperative form and in the “Piedmontese interrogative form”.
  2. The agglutinating form of verbal pronouns, which can be connected to dative and locative particles (a-i é [there is], i-j diso [I say to him]).
  3. The interrogative form, which adds an enclitic interrogative particle at the end of the verbal form (Veus-to? [Do you want to…])
  4. The absence of ordinal numerals, starting from the seventh place on (so that seventh will be Col che a fà set [The one which makes seven]).
  5. The co-presence of three affirmative interjections (that is, three ways to say yes): Si, sè (from the Latin form sic est, as in Italian); É (from the Latin form est, as in Brazilian Portuguese); Òj (from the Latin form hoc est as in Occitan, or maybe illud est, as in Franco-Provençal and French). Brazilian Portuguese ( Language code pt-BR Portuguese: português brasileiro or português do Brasil) is a group of Portuguese Franco-Provençal ( Francoprovençal) or Arpitan ( Vernacular: frp francoprovençâl arpitan patouès; francoprovenzale arpitano dialetto
  6. The absence of the voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ (as in sheep), for which an alveolar S sound (as in sun) is usually substituted. The voiceless palato-alveolar fricative or domed postalveolar fricative ( IPA) is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages
  7. The presence of a S-C combination (pronounced as you would in this-church).
  8. The presence of a velar nasal N-sound (pronounced as the gerundive termination in going), which usually precedes a vowel, as in lun-a [moon]. The velar nasal is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents
  9. The presence of the third piedmontese vowel Ë, which is read as a very short sound (somehow close to the half-mute sound in sir).
  10. The absence of the phonological alternation that exists in Italian between short (single) and long (double) consonants, for example, it. In Phonetics, gemination happens when a spoken Consonant is pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than a short Consonant. fata [fairy] and fatta [done].
  11. The existence of a prosthetic Ë sound, that is interposed when two consonantal sounds collide and are hard to pronounce. Prothesis in Linguistics (from Greek pro "before" + tithenai "to put" is the prepending of Phonemes at the beginning of a So stèila [star] becomes set ëstèile [seven stars].

Piedmontese has a number of dialects that may vary from its basic koiné to quite a large extent. In Linguistics, a koiné language ( common language) is a Standard language or Dialect, that has arisen as a result of contact between two Variations include not only departures from the literary grammar, but also a wide variety in dictionary entries, as different regions maintain words of Frankish or Longobard origin. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Words imported from various languages, including the North African languages, are also present, while more recent imports tend to come from France. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

A variety of Piedmontese was Judeo-Piedmontese , a dialect spoken by the Piedmontese Jews until the Second World War. Judæo-Piedmontese was the vernacular language of the Jews living in Piedmont, Italy, from about the 15th Century until the Second World War. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Current status

As elsewhere in Italy, Italian dominates everyday communication and is spoken to a far greater extent by the population than Piedmontese. Usage of the language has been discouraged both by the Kingdom of Italy and by the Italian Republic, officially (and ironically) to prevent discrimination against migrants from other regions of Italy, who moved to Turin in particular, in large numbers[1]. Italy, united in 1861, has significantly contributed to the cultural and social development of the entire Mediterranean area Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

In 2004, Piedmontese was recognised as Piedmont's regional language by the regional parliament, although the Italian government does not recognise it. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " In theory it is now supposed to be taught to children in school, but this is happening only in a limited way.

The last decade has seen the publication of learning material for schoolchildren, as well as general-public magazines. Courses for people already outside the education system have also been catching up. In spite of these advances, the current state of Piedmontese is quite grave, as over the last 150 years the number of people with a written knowledge of the language has shrunk to about 2% of native speakers, according to a recent survey[2]. On the other hand, the same survey showed Piedmontese is still spoken by over half the population, alongside Italian. Authoritative sources confirm this result, putting the figure between 2 million (Assimil[3], IRES Piemonte[4]) and 3 million speakers (Ethnologue[5]) for a population of 4. 2 million people. Efforts to make it one of the official languages of the Turin 2006 Winter Olympics were unsuccessful. The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in

Links and References

  1. ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica's entry for Italy - internal migration patterns
  2. ^ Knowledge and Usage of the Piedmontese Language in Turin and its Province, carried out by Euromarket, a Turin-based market research company on behalf of the Riformisti per l'Ulivo party in the Piedmontese Regional Parliament in 2003 (Italian).
  3. ^ F. RUBAT BOREL, M. TOSCO, V. BERTOLINO Il Piemontese in Tasca, a Piedmontese basic language course and conversation guide, published by Assimil Italia (the Italian branch of Assimil, the leading French producer of language courses) in 2006. ISBN 88-86968-54-X. http://www.assimil.it
  4. ^ E. Allasino, C. Ferrer, E. Scamuzzi, T. Telmon Le Lingue del Piemonte, a research published in October 2007 by Istituto di Ricerche Economiche e Sociali, a public economic and social research organisation. Available under: http://www.ires.piemonte.it/quaderni.html
  5. ^ Ethnologue report for Piemontese

External links

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