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Picoides
White-headed Woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus)
White-headed Woodpecker (Picoides albolarvatus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Piciformes
Family: Picidae
Genus: Picoides
Lacépède, 1799
Species

See text. The White-headed Woodpecker ( Picoides albolarvatus) is a non-migratory Woodpecker that resides in Pine forests of the Mountains of western Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Six families of largely arboreal Birds make up the order Piciformes, the best-known of them being the Picidae which includes the Woodpeckers Bernard-Germain-Étienne de La Ville-sur-Illon comte de Lacépède or La Cépède ( December 26, 1756 &ndash October 6, 1825) was

Picoides is a genus of woodpeckers (family Picidae) found primarily in North America. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks are a family, Picidae, of Near-passerine Birds. In Biological classification, family ( Latin The plumage in most species is predominantly black and white, brown and white in some southern species, with the male often having a red (or yellow) badge. Their bills are straight and chisel-shaped. Although in the four-toed species, the toes normally have a zygodactyl or yoked arrangement while on the ground, one toe can be rotated forward for climbing. Some species in this genus are three-toed. All species in this genus feed mainly on insects.

Systematics

The genus is in need of revision. Two species which have a somewhat different color pattern, especially on the head and neck - the Striped and the Checkered Woodpecker - have turned out to belong into Veniliornis, a genus most closely related to Picoides. The Striped Woodpecker ( Veniliornis lignarius) is a Woodpecker found in southwestern South America. The Checkered Woodpecker, Veniliornis mixtus, is a Woodpecker ( Family Picidae) found in eastern South America. UserPolbot. --> Veniliornis is a genus of Bird in the Picidae family On the other hand, the Smoky-brown Woodpecker (Veniliornis fumigatus) seems to be an early offshoot of Picoides. UserPolbot. --> The Smoky-brown Woodpecker ( Veniliornis fumigatus) is a species of Bird in the Its unique coloration (similar to the unrelated Okinawa Woodpecker) in this case would be an adaptation to dense forest habitat, although due to its distinctiveness it is not inconceivable that it belongs into a genus of its own and merely is a case of molecular convergence. The is a Woodpecker endemic to the island of Okinawa in Japan. Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages The American Three-toed Woodpecker was until recently considered conspecific with the Eurasian one, and the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is often placed in the genus Dendrocopos. Conspecificity is a concept in Biology. Two or more individual Organisms Populations or Taxa are termed conspecific if they belong The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker ( Picoides minor) is a member of the Woodpecker family Picidae Dendrocopos is a widepread Genus of Woodpeckers from Asia and Europe and Northern Africa. Indeed, that genus is sometimes merged into Picoides, but this is neither generally accepted nor well supported.

Analysis of mtDNA COI and Cyt b sequences suggest that Picoides is really three genera (Moore et al. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) is the DNA located in Organelles called mitochondria. The Enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV () is a large Transmembrane protein complex found in Bacteria and the Mitochondrion The coenzyme Q: cytochrome c — oxidoreductase, sometimes called the cytochrome bc 1 complex, and at other times complex III A DNA sequence or genetic sequence is a succession of letters representing the Primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA Molecule , 2006). One is a group of small four-toed species and the Eurasian P. minor, whereas the other group unites the larger species and would include the Smoky-brown Woodpecker. The three-toed species consititute an entirely different lineage closer to some species of Dendrocopos.

All three groups are notable for the high degree of convergent evolution in plumage patterns existing between them (Weibel & Moore, 2005; Moore et al. Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages , 2006). There are several pairs of species from different groups which are almost alike; the most notable example are the Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers which are not closely related at all but independently evolved a plumage pattern which is identical down to minor details. The Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens, is the smallest Woodpecker in North America. The Hairy Woodpecker ( Picoides villosus) is a medium-sized Woodpecker.

References

External links

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