| Picea rubens | ||||||||||||||
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 Red Spruce foliage and cones
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| Picea rubens Sarg. |
Picea rubens (Red Spruce) is a species of spruce native to eastern North America. Charles Sprague Sargent (April 21 1841-March 22 1927 was an American Botanist. Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae Specifically, its habitat ranges from eastern Quebec to Nova Scotia, and from New England south in the Adirondack Mountains and Appalachians to western North Carolina. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The Adirondack Mountains are a Mountain range located in the northeastern part of New York, that runs through Clinton, Essex, Franklin The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States [2][3][4]
It is a coniferous tree growing to 18-40 m high and has a trunk diameter of about 60 cm, though exceptional specimens can reach 46 m tall and 130 cm diameter. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or It has a narrow conical crown. It grows at a slow to moderate rate, lives for 250 to 350 years, and is very shade-tolerant when young. It is often found in pure stands or forests mixed with Eastern White Pine, Balsam Fir, Fraser Fir or Black Spruce. Eastern White Pine' ( Pinus strobus) is a large Pine native to eastern North America, occurring from Newfoundland west to Minnesota The Balsam Fir ( Abies balsamea) is a North American Fir, native to most of eastern and central Canada ( Newfoundland west to central Abies fraseri ( Fraser Fir) is a species of Fir native to the mountains of the eastern United States. Picea mariana ( Black Spruce) is a species of Spruce native to northern North America, from Newfoundland west to Alaska Its habitat is moist but well-drained sandy loam, often at high altitudes. Red Spruce can be easily damaged by windthrow and acid rain. Acid rain is Rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually Acidic It has harmful effects on plants aquatic animals and infastructure The leaves are needle-like, yellow-green, 12-15 mm long, four-sided, curved, with a sharp point, and extend from all sides of the twig. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The bark is gray-brown on the surface and red-brown on the inside, thin, and scaly. The cones are cylindrical, 3-5 cm long, with a glossy red-brown color and stiff scales. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers The cones hang down from branches. [2][3][4][5]
It is closely related to Black Spruce, and hybrids between the two are frequent where their ranges meet. Picea mariana ( Black Spruce) is a species of Spruce native to northern North America, from Newfoundland west to Alaska In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. [2][3][4]
Red Spruce is used for Christmas trees and is an important wood used in making paper pulp. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration Paper pulp is a Material for making Paper. It is usually Cellulose fibre, and could be Wood pulp or Non-wood pulp See It is also an excellent tonewood, and is used in many higher-end acoustic guitars. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The sap can be used to make spruce gum. Spruce gum is a chewing material made from the sap of Spruce trees [5] Leafy red spruce twigs are boiled as a part of making spruce beer. Spruce beer is a Beverage flavored with the Buds needles or essence of Spruce Trees Spruce has been a traditional flavoring ingredient
Red Spruce is the Provincial tree of Nova Scotia. Symbols of Canada's provinces and territories Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's [3]
Notable Red Spruce forests can be seen at Gaudineer Scenic Area, a virgin red spruce forest located in West Virginia, and the Canaan Valley, West Virginia, site of a former extensive Red Spruce forest, perhaps the finest in the world. The Gaudineer Scenic Area (GSA is a scenic area and National Natural Landmark in the Monongahela National Forest (MNF West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Canaan Valley, is an oval shaped bowl-like valley in northeastern Tucker County West Virginia, USA containing extensive Wetlands and the headwaters of the
References and external links
- ^ Conifer Specialist Group 1998 (2006). Picea rubens. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 6 July 2007. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b c Farjon, A. (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3-87429-298-3.
- ^ a b c d Flora of North America: Picea rubens
- ^ a b c Gymnosperm Database: Picea rubens
- ^ a b Atlantic Forestry Centre: Red Spruce
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