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| Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. |
Picea engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce) is a species of spruce native to western North America, from central British Columbia and southwest Alberta, southwest to northern California and southeast to Arizona and New Mexico; there are also two isolated populations in northern Mexico. Charles Christopher Parry ( 28 August 1823 &ndash 20 February 1890) was a British - American Botanist and George Engelmann, also known as Georg Engelmann, ( 2 February 1809 - 4 February 1884) was a German - American Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. It is mostly a high altitude mountain tree, growing at 900-3650 m altitude, rarely lower in the northwest of the range; in many areas it reaches the alpine tree line. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak The tree line or timberline is the edge of the habitat at which Trees are capable of growing
It is a medium-sized to large evergreen tree growing to 25-40 m tall, exceptionally to 65 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or 5 m. The bark is thin and scaly, flaking off in small circular plates 5-10 cm across. Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists The crown is narrow conic in young trees, becoming cylindric in older trees. The shoots are buff-brown to orange-brown, usually densely pubescent, and with prominent pulvini. The leaves are needle-like, 15-30 mm long, rhombic in cross-section, glaucous blue-green above with several thin lines of stomata, and blue-white below with two broad bands of stomata. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. In Botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore found mostly on the underside of a Plant Leaf
The cones are pendulous, slender cylindrical, 4-8 cm long and 1. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers 5 cm broad when closed, opening to 3 cm broad. They have thin, flexible scales 15-20 mm long, with a wavy margin. They are reddish to dark purple, maturing pale brown 4-7 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 2-3 mm long, with a slender, 5-8 mm long pale brown wing. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored
Two geographical subspecies (treated as varieties by some authors, and as distinct species by others) occur:
- Picea engelmannii subsp. In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. In Botanical nomenclature or biological nomenclature variety is a low-level Taxonomic rank below that of species and signifies members of different populations can engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce). All of the range except as below.
- Picea engelmannii subsp. mexicana (Mexican Spruce). Two isolated populations on high mountains in northern Mexico, on the Sierra del Carmen in Coahuila (Sierra Madre Oriental) and on Cerro Mohinora in Chihuahua (Sierra Madre Occidental). The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico 's 31 component states. The Sierra Madre Oriental is a Mountain range in northeastern Mexico, spanning 1000 km from Coahuila south through Nuevo León, southwest The Sierra Madre Occidental is a mountain range in western Mexico and the extreme southwest of the United States, extending 1500 km from southeast Arizona Engelmann Spruces of the Madrean sky islands mountains in the extreme southeast of Arizona and southwest of New Mexico also probably belong to this subspecies, though this is disputed. The Madrean Sky islands are enclaves of Madrean pine-oak woodlands, found at higher elevations in a complex of small mountain ranges in southern Arizona
Engelmann Spruce hybridises and intergrades extensively with the closely related White Spruce found further north and east in the Rocky Mountains, and to a lesser extent with the closely related Sitka Spruce where they meet on the western fringes of the Cascades. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Picea glauca ( White Spruce) is a species of Spruce native to the north of North America, from central Alaska east to Newfoundland The Sitka Spruce ( Picea sitchensis) is a large Coniferous Evergreen Tree growing to 50-70 m tall exceptionally to 100 m tall and
Uses
Engelmann Spruce is of economic importance for its wood, harvested for paper-making and general construction. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging Wood from slow-grown trees at high altitude has a specialised use in making acoustic guitars and harps. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. It is also used to a small extent as a Christmas tree. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration
References and external links
- Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Picea engelmannii. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
- Gymnosperm Database
- Flora of North America
- Arboretum de Villardebelle - photos of cones of Picea engelmannii and related spruces
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