Physical property - Citizendia

A physical property is any aspect of an object or substance that can be measured or perceived without changing its identity. Measurement is the process of estimating the magnitude of some attribute of an object such as its length or weight relative to some standard ( unit of measurement) such as In Psychology and the Cognitive sciences perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory Information. In Philosophy, identity (also called sameness) is whatever makes an entity definable and recognizable in terms of possessing a set of qualities or characteristics Physical properties can be intensive or extensive. In the Physical sciences an intensive property (also called a bulk property) is a Physical property of a system that does not depend on the An intensive property does not depend on the size or amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property does. In addition to extensiveness, properties can also be either isotropic if their values do not depend on the direction of observation or anisotropic otherwise. Isotropy is uniformity in all directions Precise definitions depend on the subject area Anisotropy (pronounced with stress on the third syllable ˌænaɪˈsɒtrəpi is the property of being directionally dependent as opposed to Isotropy, which means homogeneity Physical properties are referred to as observables. In Physics, particularly in Quantum physics, a system observable is a property of the system state that can be determined by some sequence of physical It is not a modal property. A modal property is a Property representing possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities required to do something or get something done Examples of physical properties are sublimation, odor, color, and shape.

Often, it is difficult to determine whether a given property is physical or not. Color, for example, can be "seen"; however, what we perceive as color is really an interpretation of the reflective properties of a surface. In this sense, many ostensibly physical properties are termed as supervenient. In Philosophy, supervenience is a kind of dependency relationship typically held to obtain between Sets of properties. . A supervenient property is one which is actual (for dependence on the reflective properties of a surface is not simply imagined), but is secondary to some underlying reality. This is similar to the way in which objects are supervenient on atomic structure. A "cup" might have the physical properties of mass, shape, color, temperature, etc. , but these properties are supervenient on the underlying atomic structure, which may in turn be supervenient on an underlying quantum structure.

In the common sense, physical properties can be separated from nonphysical properties. Typically a nonphysical property is associated with a living being, for instance as with the mental states of anger or love. Anger is an emotional state that may range from minor irritation to intense rage Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection.

The physical properties of an object are defined traditionally in a Newtonian sense; the physical properties an object might have include:

Note that there are more not listed here, and in an Einstein-relative model, the physical properties of an object might differ. Classical mechanics is used for describing the motion of Macroscopic objects from Projectiles to parts of Machinery, as well as Astronomical objects In Geometry and Trigonometry, an angle (in full plane angle) is the figure formed by two rays sharing a common Endpoint, called Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Capacitance is a measure of the amount of Electric charge stored (or separated for a given Electric potential. In Chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different A dielectric is a nonconducting substance ie an insulator. The term was coined by William Whewell in response to a request from Michael Faraday. Efficacy is the capacity to produce a desired size of an effect under Ideal or Optimal conditions Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some Subatomic particles which determines their Electromagnetic interaction. Electric current is the flow (movement of Electric charge. The SI unit of electric current is the Ampere. In Physics, the space surrounding an Electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying Magnetic field has a property called an electric field (that can At a point in space the electric potential is the Potential energy per unit of charge that is associated with a static (time-invariant Electric field In Physics, emission is the process by which the Energy of a Photon is released by another entity for example by an Atom whose Electrons In Physics and other Sciences energy (from the Greek grc ἐνέργεια - Energeia, "activity operation" from grc ἐνεργός The volumetric flow rate in Fluid dynamics and Hydrometry, (also known as volume flow rate or rate of fluid flow) is the volume of fluid which Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. Frequency is a measure of the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit Time. In Physics, a force is whatever can cause an object with Mass to Accelerate. Gravitation is a natural Phenomenon by which objects with Mass attract one another In Electrical circuits, any Electric current i produces a Magnetic field and hence generates a total Magnetic flux \Phi acting In Physics, intensity is a measure of the time-averaged Energy Flux. Irradiance, radiant emittance, and radiant exitance are Radiometry terms for the power of Electromagnetic radiation at a surface per unit Length is the long Dimension of any object The length of a thing is the distance between its ends its linear extent as measured from end to end Absolute location is the exact spot where something is on the earth Luminance is a photometric measure of the density of Luminous intensity in a given direction In Physics, a magnetic field is a Vector field that permeates space and which can exert a magnetic force on moving Electric charges Magnetic flux, represented by the Greek letter Φ ( Phi) is a measure of quantity of Magnetism, taking into account the strength and the extent of a Magnetic Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object In Chemistry, concentration is the measure of how much of a given substance there is mixed with another substance In Classical mechanics, momentum ( pl momenta SI unit kg · m/s, or equivalently N · s) is the product In Electromagnetism, permeability is the degree of Magnetization of a material that responds linearly to an applied Magnetic field. Permittivity is a Physical quantity that describes how an Electric field affects and is affected by a Dielectric medium and is determined by the ability In Physics, power (symbol P) is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted or the amount of energy required or expended for Pressure (symbol 'p' is the force per unit Area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface Radiance and spectral radiance are radiometric measures that describe the amount of light that passes through or is emitted from a particular area and falls Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Electrical resistance is a ratio of the degree to which an object opposes an Electric current through it measured in Ohms Its reciprocal quantity is A rotation is a movement of an object in a circular motion A two- Dimensional object rotates around a center (or point) of rotation Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature In regards to printing a thermal transfer printer has a print-head containing many small resistive heating pins that on contact depending on the type of thermal transfer printer melt For other uses see Time (disambiguation Time is a component of a measuring system used to sequence events to compare the durations of In Physics, velocity is defined as the rate of change of Position. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a Fluid which is being deformed by either Shear stress or Extensional stress. The volume of any solid plasma vacuum or theoretical object is how much three- Dimensional space it occupies often quantified numerically Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical

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