The structure of the Sun

The photosphere of an astronomical object is the region from which externally received light comes. The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. s are significant physical entities, associations or structures which current Science has confirmed to exist in Space. It extends into a star's surface until the gas becomes opaque, equivalent to an optical depth of 2 or 3. Optical depth is a measure of transparency, and is defined as the negative Logarithm of the fraction of Radiation (or Light) that is scattered In other words, the photosphere is the region where an object stops being transparent to ordinary light. *

Effective temperature

The effective temperature of the photosphere corresponds to the position where the optical depth becomes 2/3 for a photon of wavelength equal to 500 nanometers, since the total amount of energy emitted by the star is equal to the energy emitted by a gas at that radius. Optical depth is a measure of transparency, and is defined as the negative Logarithm of the fraction of Radiation (or Light) that is scattered In Physics, the photon is the Elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena In Physics wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating Wave of a given Frequency. A nanometre ( American spelling: nanometer, symbol nm) ( Greek: νάνος nanos dwarf; μετρώ metrό count) is a Because stars, excepting neutron stars, have no solid surface,^[1] the photosphere is typically used to describe the Sun or another star's visual surface. A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. A star is a massive luminous ball of plasma. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the Energy on Earth The term itself is derived from Ancient Greek roots, φως¨- φωτος/photos meaning "light" and σφαιρος/sphairos meaning "ball," in reference to the fact that it is a ball-shaped surface perceived to emit light

The sun

The Sun's photosphere has a temperature between 4500 and 6000 kelvins ^[2] (5800 kelvin average) ^[3] and a density of about 2×10^-4 kg m^{-3 [4]}; other stars may have hotter or cooler photospheres. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. The Sun's photosphere is composed of convection cells called granules—cells of gas each approximately 1000 kilometers in diameter^[5] with hot rising gas in the center and cooler gas falling in the narrow spaces between them. A convection cell is a phenomenon of Fluid dynamics that occurs in situations where there are Temperature differences within a body of Liquid or Granules on the Photosphere of the Sun are caused by Convection currents ( Thermal columns Bénard cells) of plasma within The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Each granule has a lifespan of only about eight minutes, resulting in a continually shifting "boiling" pattern. Grouping the typical granules are super granules up to 30,000 kilometers in diameter with lifespans of up to 24 hours. These details are too fine to see on other stars.

Other layers

The Sun's visible atmosphere has other layers above the photosphere: the 10,000 kilometre-deep chromosphere (typically observed by filtered light, for example H-alpha) lies just between the photosphere and the much hotter but more tenuous corona. The chromosphere (literally "colour sphere" is a thin layer of the Sun 's atmosphere just above the Photosphere, roughly 10000 kilometres deep In Physics and Astronomy, H-alpha, also written Hα, is a specific Emission line created by Hydrogen at 6562 A corona is a type of plasma " atmosphere " of the Sun or other celestial body extending millions of Kilometres into space most easily Other "surface features" on the photosphere are solar flares and sunspots. A solar flare is a violent explosion in a star's (like the Sun 's atmosphere releasing as much Energy as 6 × 1025 Joules Solar flares A sunspot is a region on the Sun 's surface ( Photosphere) that is marked by intense magnetic activity which inhibits Convection, forming

The image of the surface shown in the illustration to the right is actually an ultraviolet image of helium gas at 30. 4 nm (from the European Space Agency/NASA SOHO spacecraft), and comes from the chromosphere, which is just above the photosphere, so the "photosphere" label attached to this image is actually incorrect.

References

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