Photopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a physical or chemical change in the presence of light. The term is generally applied to the non-protein chromophore moiety of photosensitive chromoproteins, such as the pigments involved in photosynthesis and photoreception. A chromophore is part (or moiety) of a Molecule responsible for its Color. Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy. A photoreceptor, or photoreceptor cell, is a specialized type of Neuron (nerve cell found in the Eye 's Retina that is capable of In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to the photoreceptor proteins of the retina. Photoreceptors are light-sensitive Proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms The vertebrate retina is a light sensitive part inside the inner layer of the Eye.
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Photosynthetic pigments
Photosynthetic pigments are capable of absorbing light energy for photosynthesis (converting light into biochemical energy). A photosynthetic pigment ( accessory pigment; chloroplast pigment; antenna pigment) is a Pigment that is present in Chloroplasts or A photosynthetic pigment ( accessory pigment; chloroplast pigment; antenna pigment) is a Pigment that is present in Chloroplasts or Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy. Examples for photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins. Chlorophyll is a green Pigment found in most Plants Algae and Cyanobacteria. Carotenoids are organic Pigments that are naturally occurring in Chromoplasts of plants and some other photosynthetic Organisms Phycobilins (from Greek: (phykos meaning "alga" and from Latin: bilis meaning "bile" are Chromophores (light-capturing These pigments enter a high-energy state upon absorbing a photon which they can release in the form of chemical energy. This can occur via light-driven pumping of ions across a biological membrane (e. MembraneA biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separating Amphipathic layer that acts as a barrier within or around a cell. g. in the case of the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin) or via excitation and transfer of electrons released by photolysis (e. Bacteriorhodopsin is a protein used by Archaea, most notably Halobacteria. Photodissociation, photolysis, or photodecomposition is a Chemical reaction in which a Chemical compound is broken down by Photons g. in the photosystems of the thylakoid membranes of plant chloroplasts). Photosystems (ancient Greek: phos = light and systema = assembly are Protein complexes involved in Photosynthesis. A Thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside Chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts are Organelles found in Plant cells and eukaryotic Algae that conduct Photosynthesis. In chloroplasts, the light-driven electron transfer chain in turn drives the pumping of protons across the membrane. Chloroplasts are Organelles found in Plant cells and eukaryotic Algae that conduct Photosynthesis.
Photoreceptor pigments
The pigments in photoreceptor proteins either change their conformation or undergo photoreduction when they absorb a photon. Photoreceptors are light-sensitive Proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms Photoreceptors are light-sensitive Proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms In Chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of Stereoisomerism in which Molecules with the same Structural formula (same connectivity The initial stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into Potential energy. This change in the conformation or redox state of the chromophore then affects the protein conformation or activity and triggers a signal transduction cascade. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state In Biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another Examples for photoreceptor pigments include retinal (for example in rhodopsin), flavin (for example in cryptochrome), and bilin (for example in phytochrome). Retinal, technically called retinene1 or retinaldehyde, is a light-sensitive Retinene molecule found in the Photoreceptor cells of Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a Pigment of the Retina that is responsible for both the formation of the Photoreceptor cells and the For the town in France see Flavin Aveyron. Flavin (from Latin flavus, "yellow" is the common name for a group of Organic Cryptochrome is a name used for the Blue Light Photoreceptors of Plants and Animals The word cryptochrome derives from Bilins or bilanes are biological pigments formed in many organisms as a metabolic product of certain Porphyrins Bilin (also called bilichrome was named as a Phytochrome is a Photoreceptor, a Pigment that Plants use to detect light
Photopigments of the vertebrate retina
In medical terminology, the term photopigment is applied to opsin-type photoreceptor proteins, specifically rhodopsin and photopsins, the photoreceptor proteins in the retinal rods and cones of vertebrates that are responsible for visual perception, but also melanopsin and others. Opsins are a group of light-sensitive 35-55 kDa membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors of the Retinylidene protein family found in Photoreceptor cells Opsins are a group of light-sensitive 35-55 kDa membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors of the Retinylidene protein family found in Photoreceptor cells Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a Pigment of the Retina that is responsible for both the formation of the Photoreceptor cells and the Photopsins (also known as iodopsins) are the Photoreceptor proteins found in the Cone cells of the Retina that are the basis of Color Rod cells, or rods, are Photoreceptor cells in the Retina of the Eye that can function in less intense Light than can the other type Cone cells, or cones, are Photoreceptor cells in the Retina of the Eye which function best in relatively bright Light. In Psychology, visual perception is the ability to interpret information from Visible light reaching the Eyes The resulting Perception is also Melanopsin is a Photopigment found in specialized Photosensitive ganglion cells of the Retina that are involved in the regulation of Circadian rhythms
See also
In Biology, a pigment or biochrome is any material resulting in Color of plant or animal cells whichDictionary
photopigment
-noun
- Any pigment that is unstable in the presence of light; used especially of the chromophore pigments in the rod cells and cone cells of the eye
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