Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Date Palm
Date Palms, Merzouga, Morocco
Date Palms, Merzouga, Morocco
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Genus: Phoenix
Species: P. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Liliopsida is a Botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family Arecales is an order of Flowering plants The order has been widely recognised only for the past few decades until then the accepted name for the order including Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering Phoenix is a Genus of 13 Species of palms, native from the Canary Islands east across northern and central Africa, dactylifera
Binomial name
Phoenix dactylifera
L.

The Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible fruit. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering Phoenix is a Genus of 13 Species of palms, native from the Canary Islands east across northern and central Africa, The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Due to its long history of cultivation for fruit, its exact native distribution is unknown, but probably originated somewhere in the desert oases of northern Africa, and perhaps also southwest Asia. A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically It is a medium-sized tree, 15–25 m tall, often clumped with several trunks from a single root system, but often growing singly as well. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or The leaves are pinnate, 3–5 m long, with spines on the petiole and about 150 leaflets; the leaflets are 30 cm long and 2 cm broad. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Pinnate is a term used to describe Feather -like or multi-divided features arising from both sides of a common axis in Plant or Animal structures and comes The full span of the crown ranges from 6–10 m.

Contents

History of dates

Dates (Arabic: تمر Tamr) have been a staple food of the Middle East for thousands of years. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. They are believed to have originated around the Persian Gulf, and have been cultivated since ancient times from Mesopotamia to prehistoric Egypt, possibly as early as 4000 BC. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. There is archaeological evidence of date cultivation in eastern Arabia in 6000 BC (Alvarez-Mon 2006). The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab)

In later times, Arabs spread dates around South & South East Asia, northern Africa, and Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Dates were introduced into Mexico and California by the Spaniards by 1765, around Mission San Ignacio. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Mission San Ignacio was founded by the Jesuit missionary Juan Bautista de Luyando in 1728 at the site of the modern town of San Ignacio Baja California Sur,

Fruit

Date clusters hanging down from the crown
Date clusters hanging down from the crown
Dried dates, deglet noor (edible parts)
Nutritional value per 100 g (3. 5 oz)
Energy 280 kcal   1180 kJ
Carbohydrates     75 g
- Sugars  63 g
- Dietary fibre  8 g  
Fat 0. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the Digestive system, absorbing water and easing Defecation. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water 4 g
Protein 2. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl 5 g
Water 21 g
Vitamin C  0. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian 4 mg 1%
Manganese 0. Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. 262 mg
Percentages are relative to US
recommendations for adults. Reference Daily Intake (or Recommended Daily Intake ( RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient which was considered (at the time they were defined to be sufficient
Source: USDA Nutrient database
A Medjool(left) and a Khadrawi(right) date.
A Medjool(left) and a Khadrawi(right) date.

The fruit is a drupe known as a date. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. In Botany, a drupe is a Fruit in which an outer fleshy part ( Exocarp, or skin and Mesocarp, or flesh surrounds a shell (the pit They are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm long, and 2–3 cm diameter, and when unripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in colour, depending on variety. Dates contain a single seed about 2–2. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored 5 cm long and 6–8 mm thick. Three main cultivar groups of date exist; soft (e. Under the Botanical nomenclature of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP a cultivar group is any gathering of Cultivars g. 'Barhee', 'Halawy', 'Khadrawy', 'Medjool'), semi-dry (e. g. 'Dayri', 'Deglet Noor', 'Zahidi'), and dry (e. g. 'Thoory'). The type of fruit depends on the glucose, fructose and sucrose content. Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Fructose (also levulose or laevulose) is a simple reducing Sugar ( Monosaccharide) found in many foods and is one of the three Solubility of Pure SucroseTemperature(Cg

The Date Palm is dioecious, having separate male and female plants. Plant sexuality covers the wide variety of Sexual reproduction systems found across the Plant kingdom They can be easily grown from seed, but only 50% of seedlings will be female and hence fruit bearing, and dates from seedling plants are often smaller and of poorer quality. Most commercial plantations thus use cuttings of heavily cropping cultivars, mainly 'Medjool' as this cultivar produces particularly high yields of large, sweet fruit. Plant cutting, also known as striking/cloning is a technique for vegetatively (asexually propagating plants in whicha piece of the source plant containing at least one Plants grown from cuttings will fruit 2–3 years earlier than seedling plants.

Dates are naturally wind pollinated but in both traditional oasis horticulture and in the modern commercial orchards they are entirely pollinated manually. Pollination in angiosperms and Gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen grains, which contain the male Gametes (sperm to where the female In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically Horticulture is the art and science of plant cultivation Horticulturists (or horticuluralists) work and conduct research in the fields of Plant propagation Natural pollination occurs with about an equal number of male and female plants. However, with assistance, one male can pollenize up to 100 females. A pollenizer or polleniser, sometimes pollinizer or polliniser (see spelling differences) is a Plant that provides Pollen Since the males are of value only as pollenizers, this allows the growers to use their resources for many more fruit producing female plants. Some growers do not even maintain any male plants as male flowers become available at local markets at pollination time. Manual pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders, or in some areas such as Iraq they climb the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing. A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or steps. There are two types rigid ladders that can be leaned against a vertical surface such as a Wall, and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Less often the pollen may be blown onto the female flowers by wind machine. Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity

Parthenocarpic cultivars are available but the seedless fruit is smaller and of lower quality. In Botany and Horticulture, parthenocarpy (literally meaning virgin fruit is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of

Dates ripen in four stages, which are known throughout the world by their Arabic names kimri (unripe), khalal (full-size, crunchy), rutab (ripe, soft), tamr (ripe, sun-dried). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A 100 gram portion of fresh dates is a premium source of vitamin C and supplies 230 kcal (960 kJ) of energy. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian This article is about the unit of energy For its use in Nutrition and Food labelling regulations, see the article on Food energy. The joule (written in lower case ˈdʒuːl or /ˈdʒaʊl/ (symbol J) is the SI unit of Energy measuring heat, Electricity Since dates contain relatively little water, they do not become much more concentrated upon drying, although the vitamin C is lost in the process.

Dates are an important traditional crop in Iraq, Arabia, and north Africa west to Morocco and are mentioned in many places in the Quran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran In Islamic countries, dates and yogurt or sometimes milk are a traditional first meal when the sun sets during Ramadan. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic Dates (especially Medjool and Deglet Noor) are also cultivated in southern California in the United States. Deglet Noor ( Algerian Arabic: دقلة نور 'translucent' or 'date of light' dates are a Cultivar of date grown in Algeria and Tunisia California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Date palms take about 7 years after planting before they will bear fruit, and produce viable yields for commercial harvest after about 10 years. Mature date palms can produce 80–120 kilograms (176–264 lbs) of dates per harvest season, although they do not all ripen at the same time so several harvests are required. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass In order to get fruit of marketable quality, the bunches of dates must be thinned before ripening so that the remaining fruits grow larger.

Cultivars of dates

Date palm orchard, Boumalne, Morocco
Date palm orchard, Boumalne, Morocco

A large number of date cultivars are grown. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar The most important are:

Khadrawi date
Khadrawi date
Medjool date
Medjool date

There are more than 100 known cultivar in Iraq. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. It should be noted, however, that a cultivar can have several names depending on the locality.

Production

Date seller in the old souq in Kuwait City
Date seller in the old souq in Kuwait City
Date output in 2005
Date output in 2005
Top Ten Dates Producers — 2005
(1000 tonnes)
Flag of Iraq Iraq 7,170. A souk (سوق also sook, souq, or suq, or shuq in Hebrew שוק is a highly fashioned commercial quarter in an Arab or Berber Kuwait City ( Arabic: مدينة الكويت Transliteration: Madīnat al-Kūwait) is the Capital and largest For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. 00
Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 4,970. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi 49
Flag of Egypt Egypt 1,170. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. 00
Flag of Iran Iran 880. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. 00
Flag of the United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 760. 00
Flag of Algeria Algeria 516. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's 29
Flag of Pakistan Pakistan 496. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and 58
Flag of Sudan Sudan 328. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. 20
Flag of Libya Libya 150. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab 00
Flag of the People's Republic of China China 130. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES 00
World Total 16,696. 56
Source:
UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)[1]

Iraq used to be a major producer of dates but in recent years the amount of dates produced and exported has decreased. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics.

Food uses

Dry or soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with fillings such as almonds, walnuts, candied orange and lemon peel, marzipan or cream cheese. The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L Walnuts (genus Juglans) are Plants in the family Juglandaceae. An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a Fruit or Vegetable which could be peeled off For the character in the animated internet cartoon see Homestar Runner. Cream cheese is a sweet soft mild-tasting white Cheese, defined by the US Department of Agriculture as containing at least 33% Milkfat (as marketed Pitted dates are also referred to as stoned dates. Dates can also be chopped and used in a range of sweet and savoury dishes, from tajines (tagines) in Morocco to puddings, bread, cakes and other dessert items. A tajine or tagine (tɑːˈʒiːn Arabic: طاجين tˁaːdʒiːn is a type of dish found in the North African cuisines of Morocco,which Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Pudding most often refers to a Dessert, but can also be a savory dish Bread is a Staple food prepared by Baking a Dough of Flour and Water. Cake is a form of Food that is usually sweet and often baked. Dates are also processed into cubes, paste, spread, date syrup or "honey" called "dibs", powder (date sugar), vinegar or alcohol. Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid Recent innovations include chocolate-covered dates and products such as sparkling date juice, used in some Islamic countries as a non-alcoholic version of champagne, for special occasions and religious times such as Ramadan. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic

Dates can also be dehydrated, ground and mixed with grain to form a nutritious stockfeed. Dried dates are fed to camels, horses and dogs in the Sahara. In northern Nigeria, dates and peppers added to the native beer are believed to make it less intoxicating. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea

Young date leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, as is the terminal bud or heart, though its removal kills the palm. The finely ground seeds are mixed with flour to make bread in times of scarcity. Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability The flowers of the date palm are also edible. Traditionally the female flowers are the most available for sale and weigh 300-400 grams. The flower buds are used in salad or ground with dried fish to make a condiment for bread. A condiment is a prepared edible substance or Mixture, often preserved or fermented (usually a liquid that is added in relatively small

In India, North Africa, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire, date palms are tapped for the sweet sap which is converted into palm sugar (known as jaggery or gur), molasses or alcoholic beverages. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the Côte d'Ivoire (ˌkoʊt divˈwɑː(r ' in English, kot diˈvwaʀ in French) or Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a Jaggery (also Transliterated as jaggeree) is a traditional unrefined Sugar used throughout South and South East Asia Molasses or Treacle is a thick Syrup by-product from the processing of the Sugarcane or Sugar beet into Sugar. In North Africa the sap obtained from tapping palm trees is known as lāgbī (pronounced [laːgbiː]). If left for a sufficient period of time (typically hours-depending on the temperature) lāgbī easily becomes an alcoholic drink. Special skill is required when tapping the palm tree so that it does not die.

It is also used to make Jallab. Jallab (from Arabic, جلاب) is a type of Syrup popular in the Middle East and made from dates, grape molasses and Rose water

Other uses

Date Palm stump showing the wood structure
Date Palm stump showing the wood structure

Date seeds are soaked and ground up for animal feed. Their oil is suitable for use in soap and cosmetics. They can also be processed chemically as a source of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is the Chemical compound with the formula H2C2O4 This Dicarboxylic acid is better described with the The seeds are also burned to make charcoal for silversmiths, and can be strung in necklaces. Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation A silversmith is a person who works primarily making objects in solid Silver; historically the training and guild organization of Goldsmiths included silversmiths Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of coffee beans, or as an additive to coffee. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom

Date palm leaves are used for Palm Sunday in Christian religion. Palm Sunday is a Christian Moveable feast which always falls on the Sunday before Easter. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth In North Africa, they are commonly used for making huts. Mature leaves are also made into mats, screens, baskets and fans. Processed leaves can be used for insulating board. The term thermal insulation can refer to materials used to reduce the rate of Heat transfer, or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer Dried leaf petioles are a source of cellulose pulp, used for walking sticks, brooms, fishing floats and fuel. In Botany, the petiole is the small stalk attaching the Leaf blade to the stem. Cellulose is an Organic compound with the formula, a Polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β(1→4 Leaf sheaths are prized for their scent, and fibre from them is also used for rope, coarse cloth, and large hats. The leaves are also used as a lulav in the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. Lulav (לולב is a ripe green closed frond of the Date palm tree Sukkot ( also known as Succoth, Sukkos, Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles) is a Biblical Pilgrimage

Stripped fruit clusters are used as brooms. In Pakistan, a viscous, thick syrup made from the ripe fruits is used as a coating for leather bags and pipes to prevent leaking.

Date palm wood is used for posts and rafters for huts; it is lighter than coconut and not very durable. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family It is also used for construction such as bridges and aqueducts, and parts of dhows. A dhow ( Arabic, دهو) is a traditional Arab sailing vessel with one or more Lateen Sails They are primarily used along Leftover wood is burnt for fuel.

Where craft traditions still thrive, such as in Oman, the palm tree is the most versatile of all indigeneous plants, and virtually every part of the tree is utilized to make functional items ranging from rope and baskets to beehives, fishing boats, and traditional dwellings. Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast A beehive is in a general sense an enclosed structure in which some species of Honey bees (genus Apis) live and raise their young

Traditional medicinal uses

Dates have a high tannin content and are used medicinally as a detersive (having cleansing power) and astringent in intestinal troubles. Tannins are Astringent, bitter plant Polyphenols that either bind and Precipitate or shrink Proteins The astringency from the tannins is what An astringent (also spelled adstringent) substance is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict Body tissues usually locally after Topical medicinal In Anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the Stomach to the Anus and in humans and other mammals consists As an infusion, decoction, syrup, or paste, dates may be administered for sore throat, colds, bronchial catarrh, and taken to relieve fever and number of other complaints. An infusion is the outcome of steeping plants with a desired flavour in Water or oil. A decoction is a method of extraction of Herbal or plant material which includes but is not limited to Stems roots bark and Rhizomes Some Catarrh (kəˈtɑ(r is a thick Exudate of Mucus and white blood cells caused by the swelling of the Mucous membranes in the Head Fever (also known as pyrexia, from the Greek pyretos meaning fire or a febrile response, from the Latin word Febris One traditional belief is that it can counteract alcohol intoxication. Drunkenness or inebriation is the state of being intoxicated by consumption of Alcoholic beverages to a degree that mental and physical faculties are noticeably The seed powder is also used in some traditional medicines.

A gum that exudes from the wounded trunk is employed in India for treating diarrhea and genito-urinary ailments. In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea The urinary system (also called Excretory system or the genitourinary system (GUS is the Organ system that produces stores and eliminates Urine. The roots are used against toothache. The pollen yields an estrogenic principle, estrone, and has a gonadotropic effect on young rats. Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, Estrone (also oestrone) is an Estrogenic Hormone secreted by the Ovary. Gonadotropins are Protein Hormones secreted by Gonadotrope cells of the Pituitary gland of Vertebrates Gonadotropin is sometimes

Diseases

Main article: List of date palm diseases

Date Palms are susceptible to a disease called Bayoud disease which is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. This article is a list of diseases of Date palms ( Phoenix dactylifera) A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly A fungus (ˈfʌŋgəs is a eukaryotic Organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi (ˈfʌndʒaɪ Fusarium oxysporum, also referred to as Panama disease or Agent Green, is a Fungus that causes Fusarium wilt disease in This disease, which kills many of the popular older cultivars like 'Deglet Noor', has led to a major decline in production where it is present, notably Morocco and western Algeria. Deglet Noor ( Algerian Arabic: دقلة نور 'translucent' or 'date of light' dates are a Cultivar of date grown in Algeria and Tunisia Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's However, new cultivars resistant to the disease are being developed.

See also

External links

The Cretan Date Palm ( Phoenix theophrasti) is a small palm native to the eastern Mediterranean region, with a very restricted distribution confined Date and walnut loaf is a Traditional cake eaten in Britain, made using dates and Walnuts It is often made with Treacle or Tea Date trees are cultivated in Sudan from the Egyptian border in the North all the way along the Nile south of Khartoum until Sennar Jaggery (also Transliterated as jaggeree) is a traditional unrefined Sugar used throughout South and South East Asia Ziziphus zizyphus (from Greek ζίζυφον - zizuphon, syn Z This list of culinary fruits contains the names of some fruits that are considered edible in some Cuisines The definition of fruit for these lists is a culinary fruit The Judean date palm is a Cultivar of the Date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera) Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language Encyclopedia about the history culture and
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic