Philip V of Macedon

Philip V (Greek Φίλιππος Ε΄) (238 BC - 179 BC) was king of Macedon from 221 BC to 179 BC. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most He belonged to the Antigonid dynasty. The Antigonid dynasty was a dynasty of Macedonian Hellenistic kings descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed"

Early life

The son of Demetrius II and Chryseis, Philip was nine years old at his father's death in 229 BC. For the similarly named Seleucid ruler see Demetrius II Nicator. His cousin, Antigonus Doson, administered the kingdom as regent until his death in 221 BC when Philip was seventeen years old. Antigonus III Doson ( Greek: ο Αντίγονος Δώσων 263 BC-221 BC was king of Macedon from 229 BC-221 BC

On his ascent to the throne, Philip quickly showed that while he was young, this did not mean that Macedon was weak. In the first year of his rule, he pushed back the Dardani and other tribes in the north of the country. The Dardani ( Ancient Greek Δαρδάνιοι were a Thraco-Illyrian tribe

The Social War

In the Social War (220 BC-217 BC), the Hellenic League of Greek states was assembled at Philip V’s instigation in Corinth. Corinth, or Korinth ( Greek Κόρινθος ( is a city in Greece. He then led the Hellenic League in battles against Aetolia, Sparta and Elis. Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη Elis, or Eleia ( Greek, Modern Ήλιδα Ilida, Ancient Ēlis, Doric: Alis, Elean: Walis) is an ancient At the same time he was able to stamp on his own authority amongst his own ministers. His leadership during the Social War made him well-known and respected both within his own kingdom and abroad.

First Macedonian War

After the Peace of Naupactus in 217 BC, Philip V tried to replace Roman influence along the eastern shore of the Adriatic. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the He first tried to invade Illyria from the sea, but with limited success. Illyria ( Albanian Iliria ( Ancient Greek; Latin Illyria; see also Illyricum) was in Classical antiquity a region in the His first expedition in 216 BC had to be aborted, while he suffered the loss of his whole fleet in a second expedition in 214 BC. A later expedition by land met with greater success when he captured Lissus in 212 BC. Lezhë ( Albanian: Lezhë or Lezha) is a City in northwest Albania, in the district

In 215 BC he entered into a treaty with Hannibal, the Carthaginian general then in the middle of an invasion of Roman Italy. Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Their treaty defined spheres of operation and interest, but achieve little of substance or value for either side.

Philip became heavily involved in assisting and protecting his allies from attacks from the Spartans, the Romans and their allies. The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη

Rome's alliance with the Aetolian League in 211 BC effectively neutralised Philip’s advantage on land. The Aetolian League was a confederation of states in Ancient Greece centered on the cities of Aetolia in central Greece The intervention of Attalus I of Pergamum on the Roman side further exposed Philip's position in Greece. Attalus I ( surnamed Soter ( "Savior" 269 BC &ndash 197 BC ruled Pergamon, a Greek Polis in what is now Turkey

Philip was able to take advantage of the withdrawal of Attalus from the Greek mainland in 207 BC, along with Roman inactivity and the increasing role of Philopoemen, the strategos of the Achaean League. Philopoemen (in Greek, Φιλοποίμην transliterated as Philopoimen) (b For the board game see Stratego. "Strategus" redirects here The Achaean League (Ἀχαϊκὴ Συμμαχία or (Ἀχαϊκὴ Συμπολιτεία was a Confederation of Greek city states in Achaea After sacking Thermum, the religious and political centre of Aetolia, Philip was able to force the Aetolians to accept his terms in 206 BC. Aetolia is a mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania The following year he was able to conclude the Peace of Phoenice with Rome and its allies. The Treaty of Phoenice, also known as the Peace of Phoenice, was a treaty ending the First Macedonian War.

Expansion in the Aegean

Following an agreement with the Seleucid king Antiochus III to capture Egyptian held territory from the boy king Ptolemy V, Philip was able to gain control of Egyptian territory in the Aegean Sea and in Anatolia. The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i Antiochus III the Great, ( Greek; ca 241&ndash187 BC ruled 222&ndash187 BC younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus Ptolemy V Epiphanes ( Greek:, Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs, reigned 204 – 181 BCE) son of Ptolemy IV Philopator and Arsinoe Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black This expansion of Macedonian influence created alarm in a number of neighbouring states, including Pergamum and Rhodes. Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island Their navies clashed with Philip’s off Chios and Lade (near Miletus) in 201 BC. Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated LADE - Líneas Aéreas del Estado is an Airline based in Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient At around the same time, the Romans were finally the victorious over Carthage.

Second Macedonian War

In 200 BC, with Carthage no longer a threat, the Romans declared war on Macedon arguing that they were intervening to protect the freedom of the Greeks. After campaigns in Macedonia in 199 BC and Thessaly in 198 BC, Philip and his Macedonian forces were decisively defeated at the Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC. Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Thessalia redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Thessalia (butterfly. For the earlier battle fought here see Battle of Cynoscephalae (364 BC.

Alliance with Rome

The resulting peace treaty between Philip V and the Romans confined Philip to Macedonia and required him to pay 1000 talents indemnity, surrender most of its fleet and provide a number of hostages, including his younger son Demetrius. The talent ( Latin: talentum, from Ancient Greek: "scale balance" is an ancient unit of Mass. An indemnity is a sum paid by A to B by way of compensation for a particular loss suffered by B. After this, Philip cooperated with the Romans and sent help to them in their fight against the Spartans under King Nabis in 195 BC. This article is about the Spartan king For the Parisian artistic group see Les Nabis. Philip also supported the Romans against Antiochus III (192 BC-189 BC).

In return for his help when Roman forces under Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus moved through Macedon and Thrace in 190 BC, the Romans forgave the remaining indemnity that he had to pay and his son Demetrius was freed. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major ( Latin: P·CORNELIVS·P·F·L·N·SCIPIO·AFRICANVS ¹) (236&ndash183 Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus (2nd century BC-aft 183 BC was a Roman general and statesman Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe Philip then focused on consolidating power within Macedon. He reorganised the country's internal affairs and finances, mines were reopened and a new currency was issued.

Final Years

However, Rome continued to be suspicious of Philip's intentions. Accusations by Macedon's neighbouring states, particularly Pergamum, led to constant interference from Rome. Feeling the threat growing that Rome would invade Macedon and remove him as king, he tried to extend his influence in the Balkans by force and diplomacy. However, his efforts were undermined by the pro-Roman policy of his younger son Demetrius, who was encouraged by Rome to consider the possibility of succession ahead of his older brother, Perseus. Perseus ( Greek Περσεύς) (ca 212 BC - 166 BC) was the last king ( Basileus) of the Antigonid dynasty This eventually led to a quarrel between Perseus and Demetrius which forced Philip to reluctantly decide to execute Demetrius for treason in 180 BC. This decision had a severe impact on Philip's health and he died a year later at Amphipolis. Amphipolis (Ἀμφίπολις &ndash Amphípolis) was an ancient Greek city in the region once inhabited by the Edoni people

He was succeeded by his eldest son Perseus, who ruled as the last king of Macedon. Perseus ( Greek Περσεύς) (ca 212 BC - 166 BC) was the last king ( Basileus) of the Antigonid dynasty Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
• The Oxford Classical Dictionary (1964)
• The Oxford History of the Classical World (1995)
• The Oxford Who's Who in the Classical World (2000)

External links

• Philip V entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith