| Philip IV the Fair | |
| King of France (more...) | |
 Philip IV of France |
|
| Reign | 5 October 1285 – 29 November 1314 |
|---|---|
| Coronation | 6 January 1286, Reims |
| Titles | De jure uxoris Count of Champagne (1284 – 1305) De jure uxoris King of Navarre (1284 – 1305) |
| Born | April-June 1268 |
| Birthplace | Fontainebleau, France |
| Died | 29 November 1314 |
| Place of death | Fontainebleau, France |
| Buried | Saint Denis Basilica |
| Predecessor | Philip III |
| Successor | Louis X |
| Consort | Joan I of Navarre (1271–1305) |
| Issue | Louis X (1289–1316) Philip V (1293–1316) Charles IV (1294–1328) Isabelle, Queen of England (c. The precise style of French Sovereigns varied over the years Currently there is no French sovereign three distinct traditions (the Legitimist the Orleanist and the Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of the wife Counts of Champagne ruled the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316 Jure uxoris is a Latin term that means "by right of the wife This is a list of the kings of Pamplona ( Iruña in Basque), later Navarre. Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the Joan I de Navarre, also known as Joanna or Joan of Navarre (c Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and Isabella of France (c 1295 &ndash August 22, 1358) known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of 1295–1358) |
| Royal House | House of Capet |
| Father | Philip III (1245–1285) |
| Mother | Isabella of Aragon (1247–1271) |
Philip IV (April-June 1268 – November 29, 1314), called the Fair (French: le Bel), son and successor of Philip III, reigned as King of France from 1285 until his death. For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Not to be confused with Elizabeth of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon (Duchess of Milan and Isabella of Aragon Princess of Asturias. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was King of Navarre (as Philip I) and Count of Champagne from 1284 to 1305. Joan I de Navarre, also known as Joanna or Joan of Navarre (c This is a list of those men and women who have been Royal Consorts of the Kingdom of Navarre. Counts of Champagne ruled the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316 The nickname Philip "the Fair" comes from the fact that he had a very fair complexion; it had nothing to do with his actions as King.
Contents |
Youth
A member of the House of Capet, Philip was born at the Palace of Fontainebleau at Seine-et-Marne, the son of King Philip III and Isabella of Aragon. For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. The Palace of Fontainebleau, located 345 miles from the centre of Paris, is one of the largest French royal Châteaux The palace as it is today is the work of many Seine-et-Marne is a French department, named after the Seine and Marne rivers and located in the Île-de-France region Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Not to be confused with Elizabeth of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon (Duchess of Milan and Isabella of Aragon Princess of Asturias. Philip was nicknamed the Fair (le Bel) because of his handsome appearance, but his inflexible personality gained him other epithets, from friend and foe alike. His fierce opponent Bernard Saisset, bishop of Pamiers, said of him, "He is neither man nor beast. Bernard Saisset (c 1232 &ndash c 1314 was an Occitan Bishop of Pamiers, in the County of Foix in the south of France whose outspoken disrespect for This is a statue"[1]
His education was guided by Guillaume d'Ercuis the almoner of his father. Guillaume d'Ercuis (1265 — 1314/15 was the aumônier to Philip III of France and the tutor of Philip IV. Almoner (from the Greek ελεημοσύνη westernized as eleemosyna 'alms' via Latin Almosunartius and French known in English since circa 1300 is a chaplain or church
As prince, just before his father's death, he negotiated the safe passage of the royal family out of Aragon after the unsuccessful Aragonese Crusade. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. The Aragonese Crusade or Crusade of Aragón, a part of the larger War of the Sicilian Vespers, was declared by Pope Martin IV against the King of Aragón
Consolidation of the royal demesne
As a king, Philip was determined to strengthen the monarchy at any cost. List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below He relied, more than any of his predecessors, on a professional bureaucracy of legalists. Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity usually in large organizations and government Because to the public he kept aloof and left specific policies, especially unpopular ones, to his ministers, he was called a "useless owl" by his contemporaries. His reign marks the French transition from a charismatic monarchy – which could all but collapse in an incompetent reign – to a bureaucratic kingdom, a move towards modernity.
Philip married queen Joan of Navarre (1271–1305) on August 16, 1284. Joan I de Navarre, also known as Joanna or Joan of Navarre (c Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting The primary administrative benefit of this was the inheritance of Joan in Champagne and Brie, which were adjacent to the royal demesne in Ile-de-France and became thus effectively united to the king's own lands, forming an expansive area. Champagne is a historic province in the northeast of France, best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the region's name In the Feudal system demesne (also spelled desmesne pronounced /dəmeɪn/ or /dəmiːn/; via Old French demeine from Latin dominium) was all the land During the reigns of Joan herself, and her three sons (1284–1328), these lands belonged to the person of the king; but by 1328 they had become so entrenched in the royal domain that king Philip VI of France (who was not an heir of Joan) switched lands with the then rightful heiress, Joan II of Navarre, with the effect that Champagne and Brie remained part of the royal demesne and Joan received compensation with lands in western Normandy. Joan II of Navarre ( January 28, 1312 &ndash October 6, 1349) was Queen of Navarre 1328&ndash1349
The Kingdom of Navarre in the Pyrenees was not so important to contemporary interests of the French crown. It remained in personal union 1284–1329, after which it went its separate way. Philippe gained Lyon for France in 1312. ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France.
Contacts with the Mongols
Philip had various contacts with the Mongol power in the Middle East, who were trying to obtain the cooperation of Christian powers to fight against the Muslims. Many attempts were made towards forming a Franco-Mongol alliance between the mid-13th and early 14th centuries starting around the time of the Seventh Crusade. The Mongol Empire ( Mongolyn Ezent Güren or mn Их Mонгол улс Ikh Mongol Uls; 1206–1368 was the largest contiguous Empire He received the embassy of the Mongolian Chinese monk Rabban Bar Sauma, and an elephant as a present. Rabban Bar Sauma (c 1220–1294 (pronounced "ruh-BAHN BAR sah-OO-muh" also known as Rabban Ṣawma or Rabban Çauma, (Chinese拉賓掃務瑪 was a [2] Philip seemingly responded positively to the request of the embassy:
"If it be indeed so that the Mongols, though they are not Christians, are going to fight against the Arabs for the capture of Jerusalem, it is meet especially for us that we should fight [with them], and if our Lord willeth, go forth in full strength. "
—"The Monks of Kublai Khan Emperor of China[3]
Philip also gave the embassy numerous presents, and sent one of his noblemen, Gobert de Helleville, to accompany Bar Sauma back to Mongol lands:
"And he said unto us, "I will send with you one of the great Amirs whom I have here with me to give an answer to King Arghon"; and the king gave Rabban Sawma gifts and apparel of great price. "
—"The Monks of Kublai Khan Emperor of China[4]
Gobert de Helleville departed on February 2, 1288, with two clercs Robert de Senlis and Guillaume de Bruyères, as well as arbaletier Audin de Bourges. They joined Bar Sauma in Rome, and accompanied him to Persia. [5]
The Mongol ruler Arghun, based in Baghdad, further wrote to him a letter in 1289, in answer to a letter sent by Philip to him in 1288,[6] specifically outlining military cooperation:
"Under the power of the eternal sky, the message of the great king, Arghun, to the king of France. . . , said: I have accepted the word that you forwarded by the messengers under Saymer Sagura (Bar Sauma), saying that if the warriors of Il Khaan invade Egypt you would support them. Rabban Bar Sauma (c 1220–1294 (pronounced "ruh-BAHN BAR sah-OO-muh" also known as Rabban Ṣawma or Rabban Çauma, (Chinese拉賓掃務瑪 was a We would also lend our support by going there at the end of the Tiger year’s winter [1290], worshiping the sky, and settle in Damascus in the early spring [1291].
If you send your warriors as promised and conquer Egypt, worshiping the sky, then I shall give you Jerusalem. If any of our warriors arrive later than arranged, all will be futile and no one will benefit. If you care to please give me your impressions, and I would also be very willing to accept any samples of French opulence that you care to burden your messengers with.
I send this to you by Myckeril and say: All will be known by the power of the sky and the greatness of kings. This letter was scribed on the sixth of the early summer in the year of the Ox at Ho’ndlon. "
—France royal archives[7]
Contrary to Saint Louis, Philip apparently did not pursue with such military plans in the Middle East in the form of a Crusade. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents He did however organize a military collaboration with the Mongols through the Knights Templar and their leader Jacques de Molay against the Mamluks. The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order Jacques de Molay (est 1244–5/1249–50 – 18 March 1314) was the 23rd and officially last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, leading the The plan was to coordinate actions between the Christian military orders, the King of Cyprus, the aristocracy of Cyprus and Little Armenia and the Mongols of the khanate of Ilkhan (Persia). Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings military order is a Christian Order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations Khanate or Chanat is a Turkic origined word used to describe a political entity ruled by a Khan. The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate (Ил Хан улс Il Khan uls;) was a Mongol Khanate established in For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. In 1298 or 1299, Jacques de Molay halted a Mamluk invasion with military force in Armenia possibly because of the loss of Roche-Guillaume, the last Templar stronghold in Cilicia, to the Mamluks. La Roche-Guillaume was a medieval fortress of the Knights Templar located near the Syrian Gates in what is now the Hatay Province of Turkey. However, when the Mongol khan of Persia, Ghâzân, defeated the Mamluks in the Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar in December 1299, the Christian forces were not ready to take an advantage of the situation. Mahmud Ghazan or Qazaan the Khan of the Tartars (original Mongol name Ghazan Khan, Ch合贊 b The Battle of Wadi al-Khazandar, also known as the Third Battle of Homs, was a Mongol victory over the Mamluks in 1299
In 1300, Jacques de Molay made his order commit raids along the Egyptian and Syrian coasts to weaken the enemy's supply lines as well as to harass them, and in November that year he joined the occupation of the tiny fortress island of Ruad (today called Arwad) which faced the Syrian town of Tortosa. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Arwad ( أرواد) &ndash formerly known as Arado ( Άραδο) Arados (Greek Άραδος) Arvad, Arpad Arwad ( أرواد) &ndash formerly known as Arado ( Άραδο) Arados (Greek Άραδος) Arvad, Arpad Tartus ( طرطوس, also transliterated Tartous) is a city in Syria, the capital of Tartus Governorate. The intent was to establish a bridgehead in accordance with the Mongol alliance, but the Mongols were delayed for months, and the Crusaders had to retreat to Arwad. In 1300, rumors circulated in Europe that the Mongols had finally conquered the Holy Land and Jerusalem, and handed it over to the Christians, but this apparently did not happen. [8]
| French Monarchy |
|---|
| Direct Capetians |
 |
| Philip IV |
| Louis X |
| Philip V |
| Isabella, Queen of England |
| Charles IV |
| Grandchildren |
| Joan II of Navarre |
| John I |
| Joan III, Countess and Duchess of Burgundy |
| Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy |
| Edward III of England |
| Mary of France |
| Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans |
In September 1302 the Templars were driven out of Ruad by the attacking Mamluk forces from Egypt, and many were massacred when trapped on the island. For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Isabella of France (c 1295 &ndash August 22, 1358) known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and Joan II of Navarre ( January 28, 1312 &ndash October 6, 1349) was Queen of Navarre 1328&ndash1349 John I ( 15 November 1316 &ndash 20 November 1316) called the Posthumous, was King of France and Navarre Joan of Burgundy ( 2 May[[ 308]] &ndash 1349 also known as Jeanne de Bourgogne or Jeanne de France was the eldest daughter of King Philip V of France and Marguerite de France (1310 &ndash 9 May 1382) was a medieval noblewoman reigning Countess Palatine of Burgundy ( Franche-Comté) and Countess Edward III (13 November 1312 &ndash 21 June 1377 was one of the most successful English monarchs of the Middle Ages. The island of Ruad was lost, and when Ghâzân died in 1304 dreams of a rapid reconquest of the Holy Land were destroyed.
In April 1305, the new Mongol ruler Oljeitu sent letters to Philip,[9] the Pope, and Edward I of England. Öljaitü, Oljeitu or Uljeitu, also known as Muhammad Khodabandeh, ( Persian محمد خدابنده - اولجایتو Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost He again offered a military collaboration between the Christian nations of Europe and the Mongols against the Mamluks. European nations accordingly prepared a crusade, but were delayed, and the crusade never took place.
In 1310, Guillaume de Nogaret wrote a memorandum about capturing the Holy Land without the Templars, but in association with the Mongols, the Greeks and the harbour cities of Italy. Guillaume de Nogaret or William of Nogaret (1260/1270 – 1313 was councillor and Keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France. The expedition would be financed by the revenues of the Templars and a tax on the Hospitallers and other orders. The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St [10]
On April 4, 1312, a Crusade was promulgated at the Council of Vienne. The Council of Vienne was the Fifteenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church that met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne. In 1313, Philip "took the cross", making the vow to go on a Crusade in the Levant, thus responding to Pope Clement V's call for a Crusade. Pope Clement V' (About 1264 &ndash April 20, 1314) born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Gouth and de He was however warned against leaving by Enguerrand de Marigny[11] and died soon after in a hunting accident. Enguerrand de Marigny (1260 – April 30, 1315) was a French chamberlain and minister of Philip IV the Fair.
War With the English
As Duke of Aquitaine, the English king Edward I was a vassal to Philip, and had to pay him homage. The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the Following the Fall of Acre in 1291 however, the former allies started to show dissent. The Siege of Acre (also called the Fall of Acre) took place in 1291 and resulted in the loss of the Crusader -control city of Acre to the Muslims [12]
In 1293, following a naval incident between the Normans and the English, Philip summoned Edward to the French court, but the latter, busy with trouble in Scotland, refused to appear. Philip used this pretext to strip Edward of all his possessions in France, thereby initiating hostilities with England. [13]
The outbreak of hostilities with England in 1294 was the inevitable result of the competitive expansionist monarchies, triggered by a secret Franco-Scottish pact of mutual assistance against Edward I, who was Philip's brother-in-law, having married Philip's sister Marguerite; inconclusive campaigns for the control of Gascony to the southwest of France were fought in 1294–98 and 1300–03. Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost For other people with the same name see Marguerite of France. Gascony (Gascogne gaskɔɲ Gascon Occitan: Gasconha, pronounced) is an area of southwest France that constituted a province of France Philippe gained Guienne but was forced to return it. Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of No major war had been fought in Europe since the 'teens, and in the interim the nature of warfare had changed: it had become more professional, technologically more advanced and much more expensive. The search for income to cover military expenditures set its stamp on Philip's reign and his contemporary reputation. Pursuant to the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1303), the marriage of Philip's daughter Isabella to the Prince of Wales, heir of Philip's enemy, celebrated at Boulogne, 25 January 1308, was meant to seal a peace; instead it would produce an eventual English claimant to the French throne itself, and the Hundred Years War. The Treaty of Paris was signed on May 20, 1303 between Philip IV of France and Edward I of England. Isabella of France (c 1295 &ndash August 22, 1358) known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of For the play see Edward II (play. For the film see Edward II (film. Boulogne-sur-Mer ( Bonen in Dutch is a City in Northern France. The Hundred Years' War (Guerre de Cent Ans was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne vacant with the extinction of the senior
The drive for income
In the shorter term, Philip arrested Jews so he could seize their assets to accommodate the inflated costs of modern warfare: he expelled them from his French territories on July 22, 1306 (see The Great Exile of 1306). PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Jewish community in France presently numbers around 600000 according to the World Jewish Congress and 500000 according to the Appel Unifié Juif de France and is His financial victims included Lombard bankers and rich abbots. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the He was condemned by his enemies in the Catholic Church[14] for his spendthrift lifestyle. He debased the coinage. When he also levied taxes on the French clergy of one half their annual income, he caused an uproar within the Roman Catholic Church and the papacy, prompting Pope Boniface VIII to issue the Bull Clericis laicos, forbidding the transference of any church property to the French Crown and prompting a drawn-out diplomatic battle with the King. Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 Clericis laicos was a Papal bull issued on February 25, 1296 by Pope Boniface VIII in an attempt to prevent the secular states of Europe in In order to condemn the pope, Philip convoked an assembly of bishops, nobles and grand bourgeois of Paris, a precursor to the Etats Généraux that appeared for the first time during his reign, a measure of the professionalism and order that his ministers were introducing into government. Philip emerged victorious, after having sent his agent William Nogaret to arrest Boniface at Anagni, when the French archbishop Bertrand de Goth was elected pope as Clement V and the official seat of the papacy moved to Avignon, an enclave surrounded by French territories, commencing the captive Avignon Papacy. Guillaume de Nogaret or William of Nogaret (1260/1270 – 1313 was councillor and Keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France. Anagni, (Latin Anagnia) is an ancient town in Latium, Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome famous for its connections with the papacy and for the Pope Clement V' (About 1264 &ndash April 20, 1314) born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Gouth and de Avignon (/aviɲɔ̃/ in French) ( Provençal: Avinhon in classical norm or Avignoun in Mistralian norm is a commune In the History of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1377 during which seven Popes all French, resided in Avignon
In Flanders
He suffered a major embarrassment when an army of 2,500 noble men-at-arms (Knights and Squires) and 4,000 infantry he sent to suppress an uprising in Flanders was defeated in the Battle of the Golden Spurs near Kortrijk on 11 July 1302. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Battle of the Golden Spurs (Dutch nl Guldensporenslag, French fr Bataille des éperons d'or, or Battle of Courtrai) was fought on July 11 For the Dutch village see Kortrijk (Netherlands Kortrijk (official name in Dutch; French: Courtrai; Latin Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Philip reacted with energy to the humiliation and personally defeated the Flemings at Mons-en-Pévèle two years later. The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle was fought on August 17, 1304 between the French and the Flemish Finally, in 1305, Philip forced the Flemish to accept a harsh peace treaty after his success at the battle of Mons-en-Pévèle; the peace exacted heavy reparations and humiliating penalties, and added the rich cloth cities of Lille and Douai, sites of major cloth fairs, to the royal territory. The Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle was fought on August 17, 1304 between the French and the Flemish Lille (lil Rijsel is a city in northern France. It is the principal city of the Lille Métropole, the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in the country Douai ( Dutch: Dowaai) is a town and commune in the north of France in the département of Nord Béthune, first of the Flemish cities to yield, was granted to Mahaut, Countess of Artois, whose two daughters, to secure her fidelity, were married to Philip's two sons. Béthune (Betun is a city and commune of northern France, sous-préfecture of the Pas-de-Calais département
Suppression of the Knights Templar
On Friday, October 13, 1307, hundreds of Knights Templar in France were simultaneously arrested by agents of Philip the Fair, to be later tortured into admitting heresy in the Order[15]. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order The Knights Templar were a 200-year-old military order, supposedly answerable only to the Pope. military order is a Christian Order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i But Philip used his influence over Clement V, who was largely his pawn, to disband the order and remove its ecclesiastical status and protection in order to plunder it.
A modern historical view is that Philip seized the considerable Templar treasury and broke up the Templar monastic banking system. In 1314, he had the last Grand Master of the Templars, Jacques de Molay, burnt at the stake in Paris. Jacques de Molay (est 1244–5/1249–50 – 18 March 1314) was the 23rd and officially last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, leading the According to legend, de Molay cursed both Philip and Clement V from the flames, saying that he would summon them before God's Tribunal within a year; as it turned out, both King and Pope died within the next year.
Tour de Nesle affair
In 1314, the daughters-in-law of Philip IV were accused of adultery, and their alleged lovers tortured, flayed and executed in what has come to be known as the Tour de Nesle Affair (French: Affaire de la tour de Nesle). Flaying is the removal of Skin from the Body. Generally an attempt is made to keep the removed portion of skin intact French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people
Death
Philip IV's rule signaled the decline of the papacy's power from its near complete authority. His palace located on the Île de la Cité is represented today by surviving sections of the Conciergerie. The Île de la Cité is one of two natural Islands in the Seine within the city of Paris (the other being Île Saint-Louis, the Île des The Conciergerie ( French: La Conciergerie) is a former royal palace and prison in Paris, located on the west of the Île de la Cité, near the He died during a hunt when he was mauled by a wild boar and is buried in Saint Denis Basilica. The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French He was succeeded by his son Louis X. Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the
Ancestors
| Philip IV of France | Father: Philip III of France |
Paternal Grandfather: Louis IX of France |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Louis VIII of France |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Blanche of Castile |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Marguerite of Provence |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence |
||
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Beatrice of Savoy |
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| Mother: Isabella of Aragon |
Maternal Grandfather: James I of Aragon |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Peter II of Aragon |
|
| Maternal Great-grandmother: Marie of Montpellier |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Violant of Hungary |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Andrew II of Hungary |
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| Maternal Great-grandmother: Yolanda de Courtenay |
Children
The children of Philip IV and Jeanne of Navarre were:
- Marguerite (1288–c. Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was Louis VIII the Lion ( 5 September 1187 – 8 November 1226) reigned as King of France from 1223 to 1226 For other persons called Blanche of Castile see Blanca of Castile. Marguerite of Provence ( Forcalquier, c 1221 &ndash December 21, 1295, Paris) was the eldest daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Provence Ramon Berenguer IV (1195 &ndash 19 August 1245) Count of Provence and Forcalquier, was the son of Alfonso Beatrice of Savoy (1198 &ndash 1266 was the daughter of Thomas I of Savoy and Marguerite of Geneva. Not to be confused with Elizabeth of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon (Duchess of Milan and Isabella of Aragon Princess of Asturias. James I the Conqueror ( Catalan: Jaume el Conqueridor, Aragonese: Chaime lo Conqueridor, Spanish: Jaime el Conquistador Peter II of Aragon ( 1174 &ndash September 12 1213) surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II and count of Marie of Montpellier (adapted from Occitan: Maria de Montpelhièr) (1182 &ndash 18 April 1213) was the daughter of William VIII of Montpellier Violant of Hungary ( Esztergom, Kingdom of Hungary, c 1216 &ndash 1253 was Queen consort of James I of Aragon. Andrew II the Jerosolimitan ( Hungarian: Jeruzsálemi II András/Endre, Croatian: Andrija I Yolanda de Courtenay (c 1200&ndash1233 Queen Consort of Hungary and Croatia was the second wife of King Andrew II of Hungary. 1294)
- Louis X - (October, 1289–June 5, 1316)
- Blanche (died c. Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the October events and holidays Children's Book Week ( England) - First Week of October National Day ( China People's Republic Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem 1294)
- Philip V - (1292/93–January 3, 1322)
- Charles IV - (1294–February 1, 1328)
- Isabelle - (c. Philip V (1292/93 &ndash 3 January 1322) called the Tall (le Long was King of France and Navarre (as Philip II) and Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Charles IV (18/ 19 June 1294 – 1 February 1328) was the King of France and of Navarre (as Charles I) and Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella of France (c 1295 &ndash August 22, 1358) known as the She-Wolf of France, was the Queen consort of Edward II of 1295–August 23, 1358)
- Robert (born 1297, died 1308 at St-Germaine-en-Laye)
All three of his sons reaching adulthood would become kings of France, and his surviving daughter, as consort of Edward II, was queen of England. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire For the play see Edward II (play. For the film see Edward II (film.
See also
Notes
- ^ "Ce n'est ni un homme ni une bête. Guillaume de Nogaret or William of Nogaret (1260/1270 – 1313 was councillor and Keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France. Enguerrand de Marigny (1260 – April 30, 1315) was a French chamberlain and minister of Philip IV the Fair. C'est une statue. "
- ^ Source
- ^ The Monks of Kublai Khan
- ^ The Monks of Kublai Khan
- ^ "Histoires des Croisades III", Rene Grousset, quoting "La Flor des Estoires d'Orient" by Haiton
- ^ Source
- ^ Source
- ^ "Gesta Dei per Mongolos 1300. The Genesis of a Non-Event" Sylvia Schein, The English Historical Review, Vol. 94, No. 373 (Oct. , 1979), p. 805, Source
- ^ Mostaert and Cleaves, pp. 56-57, Source
- ^ Richard, p. 483
- ^ Jean Richard, "Histoire des Croisades", p. 485
- ^ Les Rois de France, p. 50
- ^ Les Rois de France, p. 50
- ^ Contemporary chroniclers were all monks.
- ^ Malcolm Barber, The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press, 1978. ISBN 0-521-45727-0.
References
- Joseph Strayer. Joseph Reese Strayer (1904&ndash1987 was an influential 20th century American Medievalist historian The reign of Philip the Fair, 1980. Representing over 30 years of research, considered one of the most comprehensive medieval biographies of any monarch.
- Favier, Jean Philippe le Bel
- Goyau, Georges (1913). "Philip IV (the Fair)". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Grandes Chroniques de France
- A.H. Newman, in Philip Schaff, The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
- Knights Templar History and Mythology [1]
- Schein, Sylvia (October 1979). The Grandes Chroniques de France is a royal compilation of the history of France, its manuscripts remarkably illuminated "Gesta Dei per Mongolos 1300. The Genesis of a Non-Event". The English Historical Review 94 (373): 805-819.
External links
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Philip IV of France
Born: 1268 Died: 29 November 1314 |
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| Preceded by Philip III |
King of France 5 October 1285–29 November 1314 |
Succeeded by Louis X and I |
| Preceded by Henry I |
King of Navarre and Count of Champagne August 16, 1284–4 April 1305 with Joan I |
|
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Philip IV of France |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Philip IV the Fair, Philippe IV le Bel (French) |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | King of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1268 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Palace of Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 29, 1314 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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