Phenolphthalein
IUPAC name	3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone
Identifiers
CAS number	[77-09-8]
SMILES	Oc1ccc(cc1)C3(OC(=O)c2ccccc23)c4ccc(O)cc4
Properties
Molecular formula	C20H14O4
Molar mass	318. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 323 g mol−1
Density	1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 277 g cm−3, at 32 °C
Melting point	262. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 5 °C
Boiling point	N/A
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Solubility in other solvents	Insoluble in benzene, very soluble in ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in DMSO
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Phenolphthalein is a chemical compound with the formula C₂₀H₁₄O₄ (often written as "HIn" or "phph" in shorthand notation). The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Often used in titrations, it turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions. Titration is a common laboratory method of Quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown Concentration of a known Reactant In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and If the concentration of indicator is particularly strong, it can appear purple.

In strongly basic solutions, phenolphthalein's pink color undergoes a rather slow fading reaction and becomes colorless again. In other words, the molecule has four forms:

Species	In	H2In	In2−	In(OH)3−
Structure
Model
pH	< 0	0−8. 2	8. 2−12. 0	>12. 0
Conditions	strongly acidic	acidic or near-neutral	alkaline	strongly alkaline
Color	orange	colorless	pink to fuchsia	colorless
Image

The rather slow fading reaction that produces the colorless InOH³⁻ ion is sometimes used in classes for the study of reaction kinetics. Fuchsia is a Color named after the Flower of the Fuchsia plant

Phenolphthalein is insoluble in water, and is usually dissolved in alcohols for use in experiments. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon In scientific inquiry an experiment ( Latin: Ex- periri, "to try out" is a method of investigating particular types of research questions or It is itself a weak acid, which can lose H⁺ ions in solution. The phenolphthalein molecule is colorless. However, the phenolphthalein ion is pink. When a base is added to the phenolphthalein, the molecule ⇌ ions equilibrium shifts to the right, leading to more ionization as H⁺ ions are removed. This is predicted by Le Chatelier's principle. In Chemistry, Le Chatelier's Principle, also called the Le Chatelier-Braun principle, can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a Chemical

Phenolphthalein is synthesized by condensation of phthalic anhydride with two equivalents of phenol under acidic conditions (hence the name). Phthalic anhydride is the Organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2O Phenol, is a toxic colourless Crystalline Solid with a sweet tarry odor commonly referred to as a "hospital smell" It was discovered in 1871 by Adolf von Baeyer. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (ˈbaɪɐ October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who

Contents 1 Uses 2 See also 3 References 4 External links

Uses

Phenolphthalein (pH indicator)
below pH 8. A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound that is added in small amounts to a Solution so that the PH ( Acidity or 2		above pH 10. 0
colorless	⇌	fuchsia

Phenolphthalein has been used for over a century as a laxative, but is now being removed from the market because of concerns over carcinogenicity. Fuchsia is a Color named after the Flower of the Fuchsia plant Laxatives (or purgatives) are foods compounds or drugs taken to induce bowel movements or to loosen the stool most often taken to treat Constipation. The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation However, the small amounts usually used in experiments are harmless.

Phenolphthalein is used to perform a presumptive blood test, and is commonly known as the Kastle-Meyer test. The Kastle-Meyer test is a Forensic presumptive Blood test first described in 1903 in which the chemical Indicator Phenolphthalein A dry sample is collected with a swab or filter paper. First a few drops of alcohol, then a few drops of phenolphthalein and finally a few drops of hydrogen peroxide are dripped onto the sample. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 is a very pale blue liquid which appears colorless in a dilute solution slightly more Viscous than water If the sample turns pink then it is a positive test. This test is nondestructive to the sample; it can be kept and used in further tests at the lab. This test has the same reaction with blood from any animal, so further testing would be required to determine whether it originates from a human.

Phenolphthalein is used in toys, for example as a component of disappearing inks, or disappearing dye on the Hollywood Hair Barbie hair. Barbie is a best-selling fashion Doll launched in 1959 The doll is produced by Mattel Inc In the ink it is mixed with sodium hydroxide, which reacts with carbon dioxide in the air. Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature This reaction leads to the pH falling below the color change threshold as hydrogen ions are released via the reaction:

OH⁻ (aq) + CO₂ (g) → CO₃²⁻ (aq) + H⁺ (aq)

To develop the hair and "magic" graphical patterns, the ink is sprayed with a solution of hydroxide, which leads to the appearance of the hidden graphics by the same mechanism described above for color change in alkaline solution. In Chemistry, hydroxide is the most common name for the diatomic Anion OH− consisting of Oxygen and Hydrogen Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter In Chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or Ester of Carbonic acid. The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive The pattern will eventually disappear by the same reaction with carbon dioxide detailed above. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Thymolphthalein is used for the same purpose and in the same way, when blue color is desired. Thymolphthalein is an Acid - base ( PH) indicator. Its transition range is at approximately PH 9 [1]

Phenolphthalein is used as an acid or base indicator where in contact or presence of acid it will turn colorless and with base, it will turn into a pinkish violet color. In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and It is also a component in universal indicator, a solution consisting of a mixture of pH indicators (usually phenolphthalein, methyl red, bromothymol blue, and thymol blue). Universal indicator is a PH indicator that transitions through numbers 3-12 (on the pH chart to indicate the acidity or alkalinity of solutions A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound that is added in small amounts to a Solution so that the PH ( Acidity or Methyl red, also called CI Acid Red 2, is an indicator dye that turns red in Acidic solutions Bromothymol Blue (also known as dibromothymolsulfonephthalein, Bromthymol Blue, and BTB) is a chemical indicator for weak acids and Thymol blue (thymolsulphonephthalein is a brownish-green or reddish-brown crystaline powder that is used as an PH indicator. ^[1]

See also

• Bromothymol blue
• pH indicator
• Universal indicator

References

External links

• Page on different titration indicators, including phenolphthalein

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