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For the precursor profession, see Apothecary.
The mortar and pestle is an international symbol of pharmacists and pharmacies.
The mortar and pestle is an international symbol of pharmacists and pharmacies. A pestle and mortar is a Tool used to crush grind and mix substances

Pharmacists are health professionals who practice the art and science of pharmacy. The health care industry or health profession treats and tends to patients who are injured sick disabled or infirm Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences In their traditional role, pharmacists typically take a request for medicines from a prescribing health care provider in the form of a medical prescription and dispense the medication to the patient and counsel them on the proper use and adverse effects of that medication. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the A prescription (℞ is a health-care program implemented by a Physician or other medical practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual A patient is any person who receives medical attention care or treatment. In this role, pharmacists ensure the safe and effective use of medications. Pharmacists also participate in disease state management, where they optimize and monitor drug therapy – often in collaboration with physicians and/or other health professionals. Pharmacists have many areas of expertise and are a critical source of medical knowledge in clinics, hospitals, and community pharmacies throughout the world.

Pharmacists are sometimes small-business owners, owning the pharmacy in which they practice. Their specialized knowledge as skilled professionals makes them a vital part of any healthcare team. They act as a learned intermediary between patients and other healthcare providers to ensure that proper medical therapy is chosen and implemented in the best way possible.

Pharmacists are sometimes referred to as chemists (or dispensing chemists), which sometimes causes confusion with scientists in the field of chemistry. A dispensing chemist, in British English and (to some extent Australian English, or Pharmacist in North American English is a professional allowed Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties This term is a historical one, since pharmacists originally were required to complete an undergraduate degree in Pharmaceutical Chemistry (PhC) and were known as "Pharmaceutical Chemists". In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of Higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing

Contents

Roles

Pharmacists are trained in pharmacology, pharmacognosy, chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacy practice (including drug interactions, medicine monitoring, medication management), pharmaceutics, pharmacy law, physiology, anatomy, biochemistry, kinetics, nephrology, hepatology, and compounding medications. Pharmacology (from Greek grc φάρμακον pharmakon, "drug" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of how Drugs Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Pharmacy practice is the discipline of Pharmacy which involves developing the professional roles of pharmacists Interaction is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an Effect upon one another Pharmaceutics is the discipline of Pharmacy that deals with all facets of the process of turning a New chemical entity (NCE into a medication able to be safely and Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as Nephrology (from Greek nephros, " Kidney " and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Hepatology is the branch of Medicine that incorporates study of Liver, Gallbladder, Biliary tree and Pancreas as well as management Additional curriculum covers basic diagnosis with emphasis on disease state management, therapeutics and prescribing (selecting the most appropriate medication for a given patient).

One of the most important roles that pharmacists are currently taking on is one of pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical care involves taking direct responsibility for patients and their disease states, medications, and the management of each in order to improve the outcome for each individual patient. Pharmaceutical care has many benefits that include but are not limited to:

Pharmacists are often the first point-of-contact for patients with health inquiries. This means that pharmacists have large roles in the assessing medication management in the primary care of patients. Primary care is a term used for the activity of a Health care provider who acts as a first point of consultation for all patients These roles may include, but are not limited to:

In some states, pharmacists have prescriptive authority to either independently prescribe under their own authority or in collaboration with a primary care physician through an agreed upon protocol.

Qualifications and registration

Main article: Pharmacy school

The requirements of pharmacy education, pharmacist licensure and post-graduate continuing education vary from country to country and between regions/localities within countries. The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an Undergraduate or Postgraduate Pharmacy degree from a recognized University. In most countries, prospective pharmacists study pharmacy at a pharmacy school or related institution. Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences The basic requirement for pharmacists to be considered for registration is an Undergraduate or Postgraduate Pharmacy degree from a recognized University. Upon graduation, they are licensed either nationally or by region to dispense medication of various types in the settings for which they have been trained.

Specialties

Practice specialization

Specialties exist within the pharmacy profession, with the place of occupation being the major differentiator. Specialties include:

Specialty practice accreditation

Australia

In Australia, accreditation exists only for certain specialties and is provided by professional bodies for the following:

France

Portugal

In Portugal a pharmacist can become certified in recognized professional specialty practice areas by passing an examination administered by the Order of Pharmacists. Compounding Pharmacy is the process of mixing drugs by a Pharmacist or Physician to fit the unique needs of a patient A consultant pharmacist is a specialized Pharmacist. In the United States In the US a consultant pharmacist focuses on reviewing and managing the medication A Veterinary pharmacist is a specially-trained Pharmacist who dispenses veterinary Medicines and supplies over-the-counter products and advice to owners of companion Pathology; please do not remove --> Laboratory Medicine (Germany Biopathology For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. A consultant pharmacist is a specialized Pharmacist. In the United States In the US a consultant pharmacist focuses on reviewing and managing the medication The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy (CCGP is a Non-profit organization which has established a voluntary Professional certification program for In France and in other countries like Portugal Spain Belgium or Switzerland a Biological pharmacist (called Pharmacien biologiste in France is a Pharmacist specialized in Clinical Biology Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Order of Pharmacists certifies pharmacists in four specialties:

United States

In the United States, a pharmacist can become certified in recognized specialty practice areas by passing an examination administered by one of several credentialing boards. The following is a list of the 50 largest Pharmaceutical and Biotech companies ranked by healthcare revenue In France and in other countries like Portugal Spain Belgium or Switzerland a Biological pharmacist (called Pharmacien biologiste in France is a Pharmacist specialized in Clinical Biology Regulatory Affairs (RA also called Government Affairs, is a profession within regulated industries such as pharmaceuticals medical devices energy and banking The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

History

In ancient Japan, the men who fulfilled roles similar to those of modern pharmacists were highly respected. The place of pharmacists in society was settled in the Taihō Code (701) and re-stated in the Yōrō Code (718). The was an administrative reorganization enacted in 701 in Japan, at the end of the Asuka period. The was one iteration of several codes or governing rules compiled in early Nara period in Classical Japan. Ranked positions in the pre-Heian Imperial court were established; and this organizational structure remained largely intact until the Meiji Restoration (1868). The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure In this highly stable hierarchy, the pharmacists -- and even pharmacist assistants -- were assigned status superior to all others in health-related fields such as physicians and acupuncturists. In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was even ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor. [3]

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties
  2. ^ ABAT Certification Examination Credentialling Information
  3. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. The Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy (CCGP is a Non-profit organization which has established a voluntary Professional certification program for A consultant pharmacist is a specialized Pharmacist. In the United States In the US a consultant pharmacist focuses on reviewing and managing the medication A dispensing chemist, in British English and (to some extent Australian English, or Pharmacist in North American English is a professional allowed This is a list of notable Pharmacists. Sivagurunathan Nagarethinam, Treasurer of Association of Community Pharmacists of India The following is a list of organizations for professionals involved in the practice of Pharmacy. This article is a list of pharmacy schools by country From late 2008 regularly updated information on pharmacy schools will be accessible from the Avicenna Directories: Pharmacists for Life International ( PFLI) is an international Pro-life organization advocating the rights of Pharmacists to refuse to fill prescriptions Pharmaconomist (farmakonom means expert in pharmaceuticals (lægemiddelkyndig Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences Pharmacy technician is a job title for a Pharmacy staff member "who works under the direct supervision of a licensed Pharmacist, and performs many A Veterinary pharmacist is a specially-trained Pharmacist who dispenses veterinary Medicines and supplies over-the-counter products and advice to owners of companion The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory (1834) Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 434.

Dictionary

pharmacist

-noun

  1. (pharmacy) A professional who dispenses prescription drugs in a hospital or retail pharmacy.
  2. (pharmacy, academic) One who studies pharmacy.
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