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"Phal" redirects here. For the curry dish, see phaal.
Phalaenopsis
Closeup of a Phalaenopsis flower
Closeup of a Phalaenopsis flower
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Higher Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Alliance: Phalaenopsis
Blume
Genus: Phalaenopsis
Blume 1825
Type species
Phalaenopsis amabilis
Blume, (1825)
Species

see text. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons Asparagales is an order of Flowering plants The order must include the family Asparagaceae, but other families included in the order have varied markedly Karl Ludwig Ritter von Blume ( 9 June 1796 - 3 February 1862) was a German - Dutch Botanist. Karl Ludwig Ritter von Blume ( 9 June 1796 - 3 February 1862) was a German - Dutch Botanist. In biology a type is that which fixes a name to a Taxon. Depending on the nomenclature code which is applied to the organism in question a type may be a specimen Karl Ludwig Ritter von Blume ( 9 June 1796 - 3 February 1862) was a German - Dutch Botanist.

Synonyms
  • Doritis Lindl. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon.
  • Grafia A. D. Hawkes
  • Kingidium P. F. Hunt
  • Kingiella Rolfe
  • Polychilos Breda
  • Polystylus Hasselt ex Hassk.
  • Staurites Rchb. f.
  • Stauroglottis Schauer
  • Synadena Raf.

Phalaenopsis (Blume 1825) is a genus of approximately 60 species of orchids (family Orchidaceae). Karl Ludwig Ritter von Blume ( 9 June 1796 - 3 February 1862) was a German - Dutch Botanist. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The abbreviation in the horticultural trade is Phal.

Contents

Description

The generic name means "Phalaen[a]-like" and is probably a reference to the genus Phalaena, the name given by Carolus Linnaeus to a group of large moths; the flowers of some species supposedly resemble moths in flight. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. For this reason, the species are sometimes called Moth orchids.

They are native throughout southeast Asia from the Himalayan mountains to the islands of Polillo and Palawan of the Philippines and northern Australia. Palawan is an Island province of the Philippines located in the MIMAROPA region. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Orchid Island off Taiwan is named after this orchid. Orchid Island ( Yami language: Ponso no Tao or Pongso no Tao;; POJ: Lân-sū is a 45- Km² Volcanic island off the Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Little is known about their habitat and their ecology in nature since little field research has been done in the last decades.

Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid)
Phalaenopsis amabilis (Moon Orchid)

Most are epiphytic shade plants; a few are lithophytes. An epiphyte is an organism that grows upon or attaches to a living plant Lithophytes are a type of Plant that grows in or on rocks. Lithophytes feed off Moss, nutrients in rain water litter and even their own dead tissue In the wild they are typically found below the canopies of moist and humid lowland forests, protected against direct sunlight, but equally in seasonally dry or cool environments. The species have adapted individually to these three habitats.

Phalaenopsis shows a monopodial growth habit. Vascular plants with monopodial growth habits grow upward from a single point An erect growing rhizome produces from the top one or two alternate, thick and fleshy, elliptical leaves a year. In Botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a Plant that is usually found underground often sending out Roots and Shoots In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The older, basal leaves drop off at the same rate. The plant retains in this way four to five leaves. If very healthy, they can have up to ten or more leaves. They have no pseudobulbs. The pseudobulb is a Storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes The raceme appears from the stem between the leaves. A raceme is a type of Inflorescence that is unbranched and indeterminate and bears pedicellate Flowers &mdash flowers having short A stem is one of two main structural axes of a Vascular plant. They bloom in their full glory for several weeks. If kept in the home, they usually last two to three months.

Some Phalaenopsis species in Malaysia are known to use subtle weather cues to coordinate mass flowering. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and

Classification

Sogo Yukidian
Sogo Yukidian

The species can be classified into two groups :

In terms of particular lifeform terminology, one can also characterize these plants as hemicryptophyte or chamerophyte :

The genera Doritis Lindl. and Kingidium P. F. Hunt are now included in Phalaneopsis, based on DNA-evidence (according to the World Checklist of Monocotyledons, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew) (See also ref 1). However this is not implicitly accepted by every specialist in this field.

Intensive cross-fertilization has produced a great number of hybrids in all colors and variations. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. These are usually more adaptable to artificial conditions than their botanical ancestors. Most are hybrids of Phalaenopsis amabilis with Phalaenopsis schilleriana or Phalaenopsis stuartiana.

Species

Phalaenopsis 'Barbara Moler' x 'Johanna' (a hybrid cultivar)
Phalaenopsis 'Barbara Moler' x 'Johanna' (a hybrid cultivar)
Phalaenopsis 'Mambo' (a hybrid cultivar)
Phalaenopsis 'Mambo' (a hybrid cultivar)
Phalaenopsis 'Nivacolor' (a hybrid cultivar)
Phalaenopsis 'Nivacolor' (a hybrid cultivar)

Natural hybrids

A Phalaenopsis hybrid
A Phalaenopsis hybrid

Intergeneric hybrids

There is no true intergeneric hybrid between Phalaenopsis and the closely related Paraphalaenopsis. The genus Paraphalaenopsis, abbreviated as Prphln in horticultural trade is a member of the Orchid family ( Orchidaceae) consisting of However, according to the RHS, there is a grex (i. The Royal Horticultural Society ( RHS) was founded in 1804 in London, England as the Horticultural Society of London, and gained its present e. all orchids derived from crossing the same two or more parent species; the name also covers all offspring from that particular cross). Phalphalaenopsis Doris Thornton is currently the one and only registered (1977) grex that represents a cross between a Paraphalaenopsis (x thorntonii) and a Phalaenopsis (Doris). Therefore, strictly speaking, the genetic barrier between these two closely related genera has not been crossed. But, since there are only very few true Phalaenopsis species in cultivation (most are hybrids), the possibility of a true intergeneric hybrid is not to be excluded.

Post-pollination changes in Phalaenopsis orchids

Phalaenopsis are not only outstanding in their beauty, but also unique in that in some species, the flowers turn into green leaves after pollination. As in many other plants, the petals of the orchid flowers serve to attract pollinating insects and protect essential organs. Following pollination, petals will usually undergo senescence (i. e. wilt and disintegrate) because it is metabolically expensive to maintain them. In many Phalaenopsis species such as P. violacea, the petals and sepals find new uses following pollination and thus escaping programmed cell death. By inducing the formation of chloroplasts, they turn green, become fleshy and apparently start to photosynthesize, just like leaves. Chloroplasts are Organelles found in Plant cells and eukaryotic Algae that conduct Photosynthesis. [1]

Growing Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis bellina
Phalaenopsis bellina

Phalaenopsis are among the most popular orchids sold as potted plants owing to the ease of propagation and flowering under artificial conditions. They were among the first tropical orchids in Victorian collections. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Since the advent of the tetrapoloid hybrid Phalaenopsis Doris, they have become extremely easy to grow and flower in the home, as long as some care is taken to provide them with conditions that approximate their native habitats. Their production has become a commercial industry.

In nature, they are typically fond of warm temperatures (20 to 35 °C), but are adaptable to conditions more comfortable for human habitation in temperate zones (15 to 30 °C); at temperatures below 18 °C watering should be reduced to avoid the risk of root rot. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Phalaenopsis requires high humidity (60-70%) and low light of 12,000 to 20,000 lux. LUX is the principal centre for the promotion and distribution of experimental Film and Video works in the UK. Flowering is triggered by a night-time drop in temperature of around 5 to 6 degrees over 2 to 4 consecutive weeks, usually in the fall.

Phalaenopsis prefer to be potted in osmunda fiber (tree fern roots), a nearly ideal medium, but this has become expensive. Osmunda is a Genus of primarily temperate-zone Ferns of family Osmundaceae. More usual now is fir bark, which is more free-draining than sphagnum moss. Keep them in pots with a lot of drainage. One of the common blunders that new growers make is to rot the roots. Overwatering and poor drainage cause the roots to deteriorate, therefore killing the plant. The safest thing to do is to water when you feel the potting medium and find it is dry through and through.

Light is vital to the well-being of the Phalaenopsis orchid. Keep it in indirect light near a southern window. Be sure the sun does not directly reach the leaves, which will cause burning and unaesthetic brown marks. If the leaf feels hot to the touch, move it away immediately! On the other hand, phalaenopsis grown in poor dark areas tend to grow floppy dark green leaves and rarely flower.

Phalaenopsis roots are quite thick, and the green point at the ends signifies that the root is actively growing. It is okay for them to climb out of the pots. Keep the plant fertilized with a 1/4 diluted strength balanced fertilizer three times out of four waterings.

The flower spikes appear from the pockets near the base of each leaf. The first sign is a light green "mitten-like" object that protrudes from the leaf tissue. In about three months, the spike elongates until it begins to swell fat buds. The buds will thus bloom. Usually you can tell what color the Phalaenopsis is by looking at the bud color. After the flowers fade, some people prefer to cut the spike above the highest node (section). This may produce another flower spike or more rarely a keiki (a baby orchid plant that can be planted). Keiki, the Hawaiian word for "baby" (pronounced "kay-key" refers to a plant produced asexually by an Orchid plant usually used when

Using two Phalaenopsis clones, Matthew G. Blanchard and Erik S. Runkle (2006) established that, other culture conditions being optimal, flower initiation is controlled by daytime temperatures declining below 27°C, with a definite inhibition of flowering at temperatures exceeding 29°C. The long-held traditional belief that reduced evening temperatures control flower initiation in Phalaenopsis appears to be false. [2]

External links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Wouter G. van Doorn (October 2005). "Plant programmed cell death and the point of no return". Trends in Plant Science 10 (10). doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2005.08.003. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  2. ^ Blanchard, Matthew G; Runkle, Erik S (2006). "Temperature during the day, but not during the night, controls flowering of Phalaenopsis orchids". Journal of Experimental Botany 57 (15).  

References

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