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Pfizer, Inc.
Type Public (NYSE: PFE)
Founded Brooklyn, New York, USA (1849)
Headquarters Flag of the United States New York City, New York, USA
Key people Jeff Kindler, CEO
David Shedlarz, VC
Ian Read, Pres. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Jeffrey Kindler is the CEO of the Pfizer corporation Background Jeffrey Kindler graduated summa cum laude from Tufts University in 1977 Ian Read is Vice President of Pfizer and the company's President of Worldwide Pharmaceutical Operations of Pharma.
Martin Mackay, Pres. of R&D
Industry Health Care
Products Accupril
Lipitor
Viagra
See complete products listing.
Revenue ▲$48. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Quinapril (marketed under the brand name Accupril by Pfizer) is an Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACE inhibitor) used in Atorvastatin ( INN) (əˌtɔrvəˈstætən (marketed under the name Lipitor, Lipidra Aztor Torvatin Sortis Torvast Torvacard Totalip Tulip Xarator Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 418 billion USD (2007)
Net income ▲$8. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. 144 billion USD (2007)[1]
Employees 106,000 (2005)
Website www.pfizer.com

Pfizer Incorporated (NYSE: PFE) is a major pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales[2]. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. The company is based in New York City. The City of New York It produces the number-one selling drug Lipitor (atorvastatin, used to lower blood cholesterol); the neuropathic pain/fibromyalgia drug Lyrica (pregabalin); the oral antifungal medication Diflucan (fluconazole), the long-acting antibiotic Zithromax (azithromycin), the well-known erectile dysfunction drug Viagra (sildenafil citrate), and the anti inflammatory Celebrex (celecoxib) (also known as Celebra in some countries outside USA and Canada, mainly in South America). Atorvastatin ( INN) (əˌtɔrvəˈstætən (marketed under the name Lipitor, Lipidra Aztor Torvatin Sortis Torvast Torvacard Totalip Tulip Xarator Pregabalin ( INN) (prɨˈgæbəlɨn is an Anticonvulsant drug used for Neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for Partial seizures with or Fluconazole ( INN) (fluːˈkɒnəzoʊl is a Triazole Antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections Azithromycin is an Azalide, a subclass of Macrolide Antibiotics. Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence Celecoxib ( INN) (sɛlɨˈkɒksɪb is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID used in the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Pfizer's shares were made a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on April 8, 2004. In financial markets, a share is a Unit of account for various financial instruments including Stocks Mutual funds Limited partnerships The Dow Jones Industrial Average ( also called the DJIA, Dow 30, INDP, or informally the Dow Jones or The Dow) is one of several Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

With 2006 actual spending of $7. 65 billion in research & development (R&D), Pfizer boasts the industry's largest pharmaceutical R&D organization: Pfizer Global Research and Development.

Contents

History

Pfizer is named after German-American cousins Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhardt who launched their chemicals business Charles Pfizer and Company from a building at the intersection of Harrison Avenue and Barlett Street[3] in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in 1849. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Charles Pfizer (1824 in Ludwigsburg as Karl Pfizer – October 19, 1906) was a German Chemist who immigrated to the Williamsburg is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, bordering Greenpoint, Bedford-Stuyvesant, and Bushwick There, they produced an antiparasitic called santonin. Santonin is a Drug which was widely used in the past as an Anthelminthic, a drug that expels parasitic Worms ( Helminths) from the body This was an immediate success, although it was the production of citric acid that really kick-started Pfizer's growth in the 1880s. Citric acid is a weak organic Acid. It is a natural Preservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and Soft drinks Pfizer continued to buy property to expand its lab and factory on the block bounded by Bartlett Street; Harrison Avenue; Gerry Street; and Flushing Avenue. That facility is still utilized for backshop purposes. Pfizer established its original administrative headquarters at 81 Maiden Lane in Manhattan[3].

By 1910, sales totaled nearly $3 million, and Pfizer became established as an expert in fermentation technology. Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds such as carbohydrates using an endogenous electron acceptor which is These skills were applied to the mass production of penicillin during World War II, in response to an appeal from the U. Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN or pen) is a group of Beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of Bacterial Infections World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including S. government. The antibiotic was urgently needed to treat injured Allied soldiers, and it soon became known as "the miracle drug". In fact, most of the penicillin that went ashore with the troops on D-Day was made by Pfizer. D-Day may also refer to Decimal Day in the United Kingdom. D-Day is a term often used in Military parlance to denote

By the 1950s, Pfizer was established in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Iran, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

During the 1980s and 1990s Pfizer underwent a period of growth sustained by the discovery and marketing of multiple successful drugs (Zoloft, Lipitor, Norvasc, Zithromax, Aricept, Diflucan, Viagra). Atorvastatin ( INN) (əˌtɔrvəˈstætən (marketed under the name Lipitor, Lipidra Aztor Torvatin Sortis Torvast Torvacard Totalip Tulip Xarator Amlodipine (as Besylate, Mesylate or Maleate) is a long-acting Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine used as an Anti-hypertensive Azithromycin is an Azalide, a subclass of Macrolide Antibiotics. Donepezil (also used incorrectly as Donezepil marketed under the trade name Aricept ( Eisai) ( Pfizer) is a centrally acting reversible Acetylcholinesterase Fluconazole ( INN) (fluːˈkɒnəzoʊl is a Triazole Antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence

In 2005, Pfizer was among 53 entities that contributed the maximum of $250,000 to the second inauguration of President George W. Bush. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. [4] [5] [6]

Corporate Structure

Current members of the board of directors of Pfizer are: Michael S. Brown, M. Michael Stuart Brown (b April 13, 1941 in Brooklyn New York) is an American Geneticist and Nobel Laureate. Anthony Burns, Robert Burt, Don Cornwell, William H. Gray, Constance Horner, William Howell, Stanley Ikenberry, Jeff Kindler (chairman), George Lorch, Dana Mead, Ruth J. Simmons, and William Steere. Dr Robert Burt (1873-1955 was the son of freed slaves who completed medical school at Meharry Medical College in Nashville Tennessee with honors in 1897 William Peter Howell (born December 29, 1869, Penrith New South Wales. Jeffrey Kindler is the CEO of the Pfizer corporation Background Jeffrey Kindler graduated summa cum laude from Tufts University in 1977 Ruth J Simmons (born 1945 in Grapeland Texas) is the 18th president of Brown University and the first black president of an Ivy League

Pfizer is organized into four divisions: Human Health ($44. 28B in 2005 sales), Consumer Healthcare ($3. 87B in 2005 sales), Animal Health ($2. 2B in 2005 sales), and Corporate Groups (which includes legal, finance, and HR). On June 26, 2006, Pfizer announced that it would sell its Consumer Healthcare unit (famous for well-known brands like Listerine, Nicorette, Visine, Sudafed and Neosporin) to Johnson & Johnson for $16. Listerine is a brand name for Antiseptic Mouthwash. Its original formula has a notoriously strong Flavor, although variations have been released that Nicorette is a branded over-the-counter Palliative treatment which is used to ameliorate the Withdrawal effects involved in quitting smoking. Visine is a brand of Eye drops produced by Johnson & Johnson. Sudafed is a Brand name and registered Trademark for a family of over-the-counter (OTC Decongestants manufactured by Johnson & Johnson Neosporin (from Neo, (Greek new + Sporos, (Greek seed is the product name of an Antibiotic ointment produced by Pfizer (later sold Johnson & Johnson ( is a global American Pharmaceutical, Medical devices and consumer packaged goods Manufacturer founded in 1886 6B. [7]

Merger and acquisition activity

Pfizer was relatively conservative with regard to mega-mergers through stock-for-stock transactions through most of its history until 2000. In that year, William Steere retired from the company and was succeeded by Henry McKinnell. Henry A McKinnell Jr (born February 23 1943) is the former Chief executive officer and former chairman of the Board of directors of Pfizer As can be noted with any stock analysis tool, Pfizer's per share price (adjusted for splits) went from about $50 to $30 from 1999 to 2006 during McKinnell's tenure. With roughly 7 billion shares outstanding, this reflects a loss in value of $140 billion under McKinnell's leadership pursuing a strategy of growth via stock for stock acquisition. Many industry analysts, however, criticize McKinnell for diluting shareholder value with these expensive stock-for-stock acquisitions that obviously paid a premium for the underlying value of the acquired company. Furthermore, internal contributions to the pipeline did not replace declining value nor did these M&A activities. McKinnell received record compensation which he staunchly defended against critics.

Warner-Lambert / Parke-Davis / Agouron

In 2000, Pfizer merged with Warner-Lambert and acquired full rights to Lipitor (atorvastatin), the blockbuster statin previously jointly marketed by Warner-Lambert and Pfizer. Atorvastatin ( INN) (əˌtɔrvəˈstætən (marketed under the name Lipitor, Lipidra Aztor Torvatin Sortis Torvast Torvacard Totalip Tulip Xarator Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease The statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) form a class of hypolipidemic drugs used to lower Cholesterol levels in people with or at risk of Cardiovascular Warner-Lambert was based in Morris Plains, New Jersey, where former headquarters became a major base of operations for Pfizer. Morris Plains, billing itself "the Community of Caring" is a Borough in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The majority of the facility, and Pfizer's consumer healthcare department, was sold to Johnson and Johnson in 2006 for $16. Johnson & Johnson ( is a global American Pharmaceutical, Medical devices and consumer packaged goods Manufacturer founded in 1886 6 billion dollars.

Parke-Davis was acquired by Warner-Lambert in 1970, which in turn was bought by Pfizer in 2000. The headquarters of Parke-Davis was sold several years ago. The Parke-Davis research facilities in Ann Arbor, Michigan are planned to close in 2008.

Agouron Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Warner Lambert in 1999 and is now a subsidiary of Pfizer. Nelfinavir (Viracept), an antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was developed by Agouron Pharmaceuticals as part of a joint venture with Japan Tobacco, Inc.

Pharmacia / Upjohn / Searle

Searle was founded in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1888. JT for short is a Cigarette manufacturing company It is part of the Nikkei 225 index The founder was Gideon Daniel Searle. In 1908, the company was incorporated in Chicago. In 1941, the company established headquarters in Skokie, Illinois. It was acquired by the Monsanto company, headquartered in St. Louis, in 1985. The Monsanto Company ( is a multinational Agricultural biotechnology Corporation.

The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo, Michigan by Dr. The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 in Kalamazoo Michigan by Dr William E. Upjohn, an 1875 graduate of the University of Michigan medical school. William Erastus Upjohn ( June 15 1853 &ndash October 18 1932) was a medical doctor founder and president of The Upjohn Pharmaceutical The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research The company was originally formed to make friable pills, which were specifically designed to be easily digested.

In 1995, Upjohn merged with Pharmacia, to form Pharmacia & Upjohn. Pharmacia was a Pharmaceutical company in Sweden. History Pharmacia was founded in 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden Pharmacia was a Pharmaceutical company in Sweden. History Pharmacia was founded in 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden Pharmacia was created in April 2000 through the merger of Pharmacia & Upjohn with the Monsanto Company and its G. Pharmacia was a Pharmaceutical company in Sweden. History Pharmacia was founded in 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden D. Searle unit. The merged company was based in Peapack, New Jersey. The agricultural division was spun off from Pharmacia, as Monsanto, in preparation for the close of the acquisition by Pfizer.

In 2002, Pfizer bought Pharmacia, a competitor, to become the largest pharmaceutical company in the world. The merger was again driven in part by the desire to acquire full rights to a blockbuster product, this time Celebrex (celecoxib), the COX-2 selective inhibitor previously jointly marketed by Searle (acquired by Pharmacia) and Pfizer. Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease Celecoxib ( INN) (sɛlɨˈkɒksɪb is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID used in the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis COX-2 selective inhibitor is a form of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID that directly targets COX-2, an Enzyme responsible for Inflammation

SUGEN

SUGEN, customarily written with capital letters, was founded in 1991 in Redwood City, California, as a partnership between the laboratories of Joseph Schlessinger at New York University Medical School and Axel Ullrich at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, with Steven Evans-Freke as a third co-founder. Redwood City is a suburb located on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area of California California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Joseph Schlessinger, PhD is Chair of the Pharmacology Department at Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. The New York University School of Medicine is one of the Graduate schools of New York University. Axel Ullrich born October 19, 1943) Lauban, Schlesien, Germany in is a German Cancer researcher and has been the Director The Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich. The name, SUGEN, comes from combining the first "S" in Schlessinger followed by the "U" in Ullrich with "GEN", which is a commonly used suffix for biotech companies (short for "GENetics"). The focus of the enterprise was to develop drugs targeting intracellular signaling pathways to treat cancer. In Biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Specifically, the company sought to discover competitive ATP small-molecule kinase inhibitors which would block common cancer pathways. Pharmacia acquired SUGEN in 1999, which merged with the pharmaceutical division of Monsanto in 2000 and was purchased by Pfizer in 2003. Pharmacia was a Pharmaceutical company in Sweden. History Pharmacia was founded in 1911 in Stockholm, Sweden The Monsanto Company ( is a multinational Agricultural biotechnology Corporation. In 1999 Pharmacia took two of SUGEN's compounds into man in colon cancer clinical trials: SU5416 (Semaxanib) and SU6668; the trials were discontinued, but both of these compounds were in the series that eventually led to SU11248. Semaxanib ( proposed INN, also semaxinib or SU5416) is a drug intended for use in the treatment of cancer SUGEN's laboratories were closed in 2003 as part of the reorganization following Pfizer's purchase of Pharmacia. From the acquisition, SUGEN compounds SU11248 and SU14813 entered Pfizer's pipeline. [8][9] SU11248 was approved by the FDA for treatment of GIST and RCC cancers, in January of 2006, and is now marketed as Sutent (sunitinib). Sunitinib (marketed as Sutent and previously known as SU11248 is an oral small-molecule multi-targeted Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK inhibitor that was approved by Sutent is packed by Plant in Ascoli Piceno, Italy. Ascoli Piceno is a town in the Marche region Italy, capital of the province of the same name

Products

Pfizer manufactures pharmaceutical medications and has an annual product marketing budget of $3 billion, which was the fourth-largest in the U. S. as of 2003. Pfizer employs 38,000 sales representatives worldwide. [10]

In 2004, Pfizer’s Zoloft sales totaled $3. 15 billion, contributing to 6. 5% of Pfizer’s total revenue for 2004 and making it one of 19 drugs that generated more than $2 billion in revenues in the United States. [11] In 2005, Zoloft sales totaled $3. 5 billion, helping to make Pfizer one of the biggest drug makers in the world with approximately $51. 3 billion in revenue for 2005. In 2005 Pfizer Inc. spent $7. 4 billion on research and development, making Pfizer Global Research and Development the largest pharmaceutical research and development organization. [12][13]

On September 24, 2007, Pfizer Inc. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. announced that the European Commission approved Celsentri (generic name, maraviroc and as Selzentry in the United States). The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. In the GNU Compiler Collection, GENERIC is an intermediate representation common to all the front-ends of GCC A name ( Etymology: from OE nama akin to OHG namo, Latin Nomen, and Greek όνομα ( Maraviroc (brand-named Selzentry, or Celsentri outside the US The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Industry experts did forecast annual Celsentri sales of $500 million by 2011. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" An "expert" ( is someone widely recognized as a reliable source of technique or Skill whose faculty for judging or deciding rightly justly Forecasting is the process of Estimation in unknown situations 2011 ( MMXI) will be a Common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. [14]

Development of Torcetrapib

Development of torcetrapib, a drug that increases production of HDL, or "good cholesterol", which reduces LDL thought to be correlated to heart disease, was cancelled on Saturday, December 2nd, 2006. Torcetrapib (CP-529414 Pfizer) was a drug being developed to treat Hypercholesterolemia (elevated Cholesterol levels and prevent Cardiovascular High-density lipoproteins ( HDL) is one of the 5 major groups of Lipoproteins ( Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) is a type of Lipoprotein that transports Cholesterol and Triglycerides from the Liver to peripheral The reason being that during a clinical trial test that involved 15,000 patients, more patients than expected died as a result of taking the medicine. A 60% increase in deaths was observed among patients taking torcetrapib and Lipitor versus taking Lipitor alone; there was no suggestion that the results called into question the safety of Lipitor. Pfizer has lost nearly $1 billion in investments on the failed drug, and December has seen the stocks and market value of the company plummet. [15][16][17]

Pharmaceuticals

The following is a list of key prescription pharmaceutical products. The names shown are all registered trademarks of Pfizer Inc. [18]

Animal health brands

The following is a partial list of Animal Health brands manufactured by Pfizer:

Legislation and litigation

Pfizer is party to a number of suits stemming from companies it has acquired or merged with, including asbestos litigation as well as litigation stemming from its medicinal products. Quinapril (marketed under the brand name Accupril by Pfizer) is an Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACE inhibitor) used in Donepezil (also used incorrectly as Donezepil marketed under the trade name Aricept ( Eisai) ( Pfizer) is a centrally acting reversible Acetylcholinesterase Exemestane (trade name Aromasin) is an oral Steroidal Aromatase inhibitor (but also known uniquely as an aromatase inactivator used in the adjuvant treatment Valdecoxib is a prescription drug used in the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, and painful Menstruation and menstrual symptoms Caduet is a medication approved by the US FDA for the treatment of high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Irinotecan is a chemotherapy agent that is a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor. Celecoxib ( INN) (sɛlɨˈkɒksɪb is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID used in the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis Varenicline (trade name Chantix in the USA and Champix in Europe and other countries marketed by Pfizer, usually in the form of varenicline tartrate Methylprednisolone is a synthetic Glucocorticoid drug It is sold in the USA and Canada under the brand names Medrol and Solu-Medrol Methylprednisolone is a synthetic Glucocorticoid drug It is sold in the USA and Canada under the brand names Medrol and Solu-Medrol Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate ( DMPA) is a Progestin -only hormonal contraceptive Birth control drug which is injected every 3 months Fluconazole ( INN) (fluːˈkɒnəzoʊl is a Triazole Antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections Epirubicin is an Anthracycline drug used for Chemotherapy. It is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Ellence in the US and Anidulafungin or Eraxis ( Ecalta in Europe is an anti-fungal drug manufactured by Pfizer that gained approval by the Food and Drug Administration Inhalable insulin was available from September 2006 to October 2007 in the United States as a new method of delivering Insulin, a drug used in the treatment of diabetes Metronidazole ( INN) (mɛtrəˈnaɪdəzoʊl is a Nitroimidazole anti-infective medication used mainly in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible Growth hormone ( GH) is a Peptide hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals Ziprasidone (marketed as Geodon, Zeldox) was the fifth Atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval (February 2001 Eplerenone ( INN) (ɛpˈlɛrənoʊn is an Aldosterone antagonist used as an adjunct in the management of Chronic heart failure. Atorvastatin ( INN) (əˌtɔrvəˈstætən (marketed under the name Lipitor, Lipidra Aztor Torvatin Sortis Torvast Torvacard Totalip Tulip Xarator Pregabalin ( INN) (prɨˈgæbəlɨn is an Anticonvulsant drug used for Neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for Partial seizures with or Pegaptanib sodium injection (brand name Macugen) is an anti-angiogenic medicine for the treatment of neovascular (wet Age-related macular degeneration Amlodipine (as Besylate, Mesylate or Maleate) is a long-acting Calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine used as an Anti-hypertensive Gabapentin (brand name Neurontin) is a medication originally developed for the treatment of Epilepsy. Interferon beta-1a is a drug in the Interferon family used to treat Multiple sclerosis (MS Eletriptan (also known as eletriptan hydrobromide is a second generation Triptan drug marketed and manufactured by Pfizer Inc for the treatment of Delavirdine ( DLV) (brand name Rescriptor) is a non-nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI marketed by Pfizer. Maraviroc (brand-named Selzentry, or Celsentri outside the US Pegvisomant is a Growth hormone receptor antagonist used in the treatment of Acromegaly. Sunitinib (marketed as Sutent and previously known as SU11248 is an oral small-molecule multi-targeted Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK inhibitor that was approved by Tiotropium (ˌtaɪəˈtroʊpiəm (administered as tiotropium bromide is a long-acting 24 hour Anticholinergic Bronchodilator used in the management of Chronic Dofetilide is a class III antiarrhythmic agent that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA for the maintenance of Sinus rhythm in individuals Voriconazole (VFEND Pfizer) is a Triazole Antifungal Medication that is generally used to treat serious invasive fungal Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence Nelfinavir ( Viracept) is an Antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV Latanoprost (pronounced la-TA-noe-prost) ophthalmic solution is a topical medication used for controlling the progression of Glaucoma or ocular Hypertension Alprazolam, also known under the trade names Xanax and Niravam, is a short-acting drug of the Benzodiazepine class used to treat moderate Alprazolam, also known under the trade names Xanax and Niravam, is a short-acting drug of the Benzodiazepine class used to treat moderate Azithromycin is an Azalide, a subclass of Macrolide Antibiotics. Cetirizine hydrochloride, an Antihistamine, (sɛˈtɪrɨziːn is a major Metabolite of Hydroxyzine, and a Racemic selective H1 Linezolid ( INN) (lɪˈnɛzəlɪd is a synthetic Antibiotic of the Oxazolidinone class used for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant Maropitant, also known as maropitant citrate ( USAN) is a neurokinin (NK1 receptor antagonist, which was developed by Pfizer Animal Health Treatment and control of internal parasitosis (gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes ticks and mange (and other Tulathromycin is a Macrolide antibiotic used to treat Bovine respiratory disease (BRD in cattle and Swine respiratory disease in pigs Ceftiofur is an Antibiotic of the Cephalosporin type ( third generation) licensed for use in Veterinary medicine. Ceftiofur is an Antibiotic of the Cephalosporin type ( third generation) licensed for use in Veterinary medicine. Neosporin (from Neo, (Greek new + Sporos, (Greek seed is the product name of an Antibiotic ointment produced by Pfizer (later sold Pirlimycin hydrochloride belongs to the lincosamide class of Antimicrobials It is bacteriostatic and acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis via Danofloxacin is a Quinolone. Selamectin is the active ingredient in the prescription drug Revolution (manufactured by Pfizer Canada. Carprofen (marketed as Rimadyl, manufactured by Pfizer Animal Health) is a Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that Cefpodoxime (marketed as the Prodrug cefpodoxime proxetil by Pharmacia & Upjohn under the trade name Vantin, is an oral third generation Dirlotapide is a drug used to treat obesity in dogs It is manufactured by Pfizer and marketed as Slentrol. A stronghold is a strongly fortified defensive structureThe history of fortified buildings extends from antiquity to modern times Asbestos is a group of Minerals with long thin fibrous Crystals The word "asbestos" (῾ἀσβεστος is derived from a Greek adjective Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the

Kelo case

Pfizer's interest in obtaining property in New London, Connecticut for expanded facilities led to the Kelo v. New London case before the U.S. Supreme Court. New London is a seaport city and a Port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States Kelo v City of New London, 545 US 469 (2005 was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States involving the use of Eminent domain The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.

Quigley Co.

Pfizer acquired Quigley in 1968, and the division sold asbestos-containing insulation products until the early 1970s. Asbestos is a group of Minerals with long thin fibrous Crystals The word "asbestos" (῾ἀσβεστος is derived from a Greek adjective Asbestos victims and Pfizer have been negotiating a settlement deal which calls for Pfizer to pay $430 million to 80 percent of existing plaintiffs. It will also place an additional $535 million into an asbestos settlement trust that will compensate future plaintiffs as well as the remaining 20 percent of current plaintiffs with claims against Pfizer and Quigley. The compensation deal is worth $965 million all up. Of that $535 million, $405 million is in a 40-year note from Pfizer, while $100 million will come from insurance policies.

www. quigleyreorg. com

Bjork-Shiley heart valve

Pfizer purchased Shiley in 1979 at the onset of its Convexo-Concave valve ordeal, involving the Bjork-Shiley heart valve. The Bjork-Shiley valve is a mechanical Heart valve Prosthesis. In Anatomy, the heart valves are Valves in the Heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood by opening and closing depending on the difference Approximately 500 people died when defective valves failed and, in 1994, the United States ruled against Pfizer for ~$200 million. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Tort Reform Legislation Contributions

Pfizer proposed a ban on all lawsuits against manufacturers of body implant parts which was proposed in the United States Congress as part of tort reform legislation. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale An implant is a Medical device made to replace and act as a missing biological structure (as compared with a transplant, which indicates transplanted Biomedical The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Tort reform refers to the idea of changing the rules applicable to the Law of Tort.

Off-label promotional practices

Access to pharmaceutical industry documents has revealed marketing strategies used to promote Neurontin for off-label use. Pharmaceutical marketing is the business of advertising or otherwise promoting the sale of Pharmaceuticals or drugs. [19] In 1993, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved gabapentin (Neurontin, Pfizer) only for treatment of seizures. Gabapentin (brand name Neurontin) is a medication originally developed for the treatment of Epilepsy. An epileptic seizure is caused by excessive and/or hypersynchronous electrical Neuronal activity and is usually self-limiting Warner-Lambert, which merged with Pfizer in 2000, used activities not usually associated with sales promotion, including continuing medical education and research, sponsored articles about the drug for the medical literature, and alleged suppression of unfavorable study results, to promote gabapentin. Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales Continuing medical education (CME refers to a specific form of Continuing education (CE that helps those in the medical field maintain competence and learn about Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) in general simply known as medical research, is the Basic research or Applied research conducted Within 5 years the drug was being widely used for the off-label treatment of pain and psychiatric conditions. Off-label use is the practice of prescribing drugs for a purpose outside the scope of the drug's approved label most often concerning the drug's indication. In 2004, Warner-Lambert admitted to charges that it violated FDA regulations by promoting the drug for pain, psychiatric conditions, migraine, and other unapproved uses, and paid $430 million to resolve criminal and civil health care liability charges. [20][21]

Nigeria

In 1996, an outbreak of measles, cholera, and bacterial meningitis occurred in Nigeria. Under the pretense of charity, Pfizer representatives traveled to Kano, Nigeria to assist in treating the affected population. An experimental drug, Trovafloxacin, was administered to approximately 100 infected children, while an additional 100 children were treated with Ceftriaxone. Five children receiving Trovafloxacin and six receiving traditional antibiotics died. In 2001, families of the children, as well as the governments of Kano and Nigeria, filed lawsuits regarding the treatment[22]. According to the lawsuits, Pfizer administered the experimental drug (marketed as Trovan) without parental consent. The lawsuits also accuse Pfizer of using the outbreak to perform unapproved human testing, as well as allegedly under-dosing a control group being treated with traditional antibiotics in order to skew the results of the trial in favor of Trovan. Pfizer denied these claims, and subsequently produced an approval letter for testing from the Nigerian Ethics Committee; the Nigerian government claims it is a fake. [23]

In 2007, Pfizer published a Statement of Defense letter. [24] The letter makes several misleading claims which deserve mention:




Research and development

Pfizer's human research and development organization is headquartered in New London, CT while their animal health research and development organization is headquartered in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The company has R&D labs in the following locations: Groton, Connecticut; Sandwich, England; Nagoya, Japan; Amboise, France; La Jolla, California; Cambridge, Massachusetts; Kalamazoo, Michigan; St. Louis, Missouri. Groton is a town located on the Thames River in New London County, Connecticut, United States. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Sandwich is a historic town in Kent, south-east England. It was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. La Jolla (ləˈhɔɪə "luh-HOY-uh") is a wealthy Seaside resort community of up to 42808 residents within the city of San Diego, California California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee

In 2004, Pfizer invested $7. 68 billion in research and development, the largest investment in R&D by private biomedical research organization.

In 2007, Pfizer announced plans to close or sell on the Loughbeg API facility, located at Loughbeg, Ringaskiddy Co. Cork Ireland by mid to end of 2008

In 2007, Pfizer announced plans to completely close the Ann Arbor, Nagoya and Amboise Research facilities by the end of 2008, eliminating 2,160 jobs and idling the $300-million dollar Michigan facility, which had seen millions of dollars of expansion in recent years. [28]

On June 18th, 2007 Pfizer announced it will move the Sandwich, England Animal Health Research (VMRD) division to Kalamazoo, Michigan. Sandwich is a historic town in Kent, south-east England. It was one of the Cinque Ports and still has many original medieval buildings [1]

Environmental Record

According to the EPA, Pfizer is among the top ten companies in America with the most numerous emissions sources. [29] Also, the EPA ranked them among the top ten companies in America with the highest volume of emissions sources. [30]Their 70-acre plant in New London, Connecticut, is home to a 20-acre landfill and two wastewater lagoons, adding to pollution in the area. [31] According to the EPA, Pfizer is a main threat to the health of the residents and the environment of the New London area because of its toxic emissions into the air and water. [32] The EPA has cited Pfizer on multiple occasions for illegal discharges into the Thames River and for hazardous waste violations on site. [33] In addition, in June 2002, Pfizer was responsible for a chemical explosion that injured seven people and caused the evacuation of over 100 homes in the surrounding area. [34]

Employment & Diversity

Pfizer received a 100% rating on the Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign starting in 2004, the third year of the report. The Corporate Equality Index is a report published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation as a tool to rate American businesses on their treatment of Gay, Lesbian In 2007, Pfizer's Canadian division was named one of Canada's Top 100 Employers, as published in Maclean's magazine, the only research-based pharmaceutical company to receive this honor. Canada's Top 100 Employers is an annual competition that recognizes the best places in Canada to work Maclean's is a Canadian weekly News magazine, reporting on Canadian issues such as politics pop culture and current events [35]

AIDS involvement

Pfizer has been involved in controversies over the medicine Diflucan (generic name fluconazole). In 1998, a campaign by Thai public health groups led to the elimination of the Pfizer monopoly on selling fluconazole in Thailand, and the price of the antifungal drug decreased from 200 baht to 6. 5 baht in nine months, vastly expanding access to the medicine for AIDS patients. Faced with pressure for compulsory licenses to the Pfizer patent on this drug, Pfizer later established a program for limited access to the medicine in Africa. [36]

"In the United States, 46 percent of all new HIV/AIDS cases occur in the South. From 2003–2006 the Pfizer Foundation has funded 23 innovative HIV/AIDS prevention programs and strengthened the capacity of community-based organizations to reach and serve their communities. "[37] Since 2003, Pfizer has committed a $3 Million grant toward supporting the Southern HIV/AIDS Prevention Initiative.

However, there are criticisms of the way Pfizer is testing its AIDS drug. "The European AIDS Treatment Group (EATG), collection of activists from 31 European Countries,[38] said the design of the trial for Pfizer's CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc (previously known as UK-427,857) is putting people with HIV infection at unnecessary risk of developing AIDS. Maraviroc (brand-named Selzentry, or Celsentri outside the US "[39]

On June 20, 2007 Maraviroc received an approvable letter from the FDA advisory board. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The letter was a product of expedited review of the novel HIV compound.

In 2001, Pfizer asked the U. S. government to pressure the Brazilian government against issuing compulsory licenses for the patents on the AIDS drug nelfinavir.

AIDS Drugs Manufactured by Pfizer

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ Pfizer 4Q Profit Falls but Beats View. Nelfinavir ( Viracept) is an Antiretroviral drug used in the treatment of the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV Maraviroc (brand-named Selzentry, or Celsentri outside the US Delavirdine ( DLV) (brand name Rescriptor) is a non-nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI marketed by Pfizer. Viking Bjork (born 1919 is a Swedish cardiac surgeon In 1968 he collaborated with American engineer Donald Shiley to develop the first "monostrut tilting Retrieved on 2008-02-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
  2. ^ http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical
  3. ^ a b Kenneth T. Jackson: The Encyclopedia of New York City: The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; 1995. P. 895.
  4. ^ Drinkard, Jim. "Donors get good seats, great access this week", USA Today, 2005-01-17. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.  
  5. ^ "Financing the inauguration", USA Today. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.  
  6. ^ "Some question inaugural's multi-million price tag", USA Today, 2005-01-14. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.  
  7. ^ Johnson & Johnson to Buy Pfizer Unit. MoneyNews. com (June 26, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-07-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  8. ^ Pfizer (2003). Annual Review 2003. Annual Report.
  9. ^ Schlessinger, Joseph (2005). "SU11248: Genesis of a New Cancer Drug". The Scientist 19(7):17-24. (subscription required)
  10. ^ Pfizer Facts. Businessweek. com (February 28, 2005). Retrieved on 2006-05-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
  11. ^ Sciencemag.org
  12. ^ Pfizer homepage
  13. ^ Guardian report
  14. ^ Reuters, Europe gives final approval to Pfizer HIV drug
  15. ^ New York Times report
  16. ^ Berenson, Alex. "Pfizer Ends Studies on Drug for Heart Diseas", The New York Times, December 3, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French  
  17. ^ Theresa Agovino (Associated Press). "Pfizer ends cholesterol drug development", Yahoo! News, December 3, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French   Each study arm (torcetrapib + Lipitor vs. Lipitor alone) had 7500 patients enrolled; 51 deaths were observed in the Lipitor alone arm, while 82 deaths occurred in the torcetrapib + Lipitor arm.
  18. ^ Prescription Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Health Care (Over-the-Counter) Products by Pfizer. Pfizer Inc. Retrieved on 2005-03-27. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates
  19. ^ Michael A. Steinman, MD; Lisa A. Bero, PhD; Mary-Margaret Chren, MD; and C. Seth Landefeld, MD (2006). "Narrative Review: The Promotion of Gabapentin: An Analysis of Internal Industry Documents". Annals of Internal Medicine 145 (4): 284-293.  
  20. ^ Jane E. Henney, MD (2006). "Editorial: Safeguarding Patient Welfare: Who's In Charge?". Annals of Internal Medicine 145 (4): 305-307.  
  21. ^ US Department of Justice Press Release: Warner-Lambert to pay $430 million to resolve criminal and civil health care liability charges Retrieved 14 August 2006
  22. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1517171.stm
  23. ^ Panel Faults Pfizer in '96 Clinical Trial In Nigeria - washingtonpost.com
  24. ^ http://www.pfizer.com/files/news/trovan_statement_defense_summary.pdf
  25. ^ FXHistory - Historical Currency Exchange Rates
  26. ^ http://www.fda.gov/CDER/warn/dec98/020760_war_ltr.pdf
  27. ^ Trovan Information
  28. ^ Pfizer's cuts blindside Ann Arbor workers, Kalamazoo Gazette, Sunday, January 23, 2007.
  29. ^ What's Happening at KLD
  30. ^ What's Happening at KLD
  31. ^ Find New England Sites - PFIZER, INC
  32. ^ Toxics Action Center - Media Release
  33. ^ Toxics Action Center - Media Release
  34. ^ Toxics Action Center - Media Release
  35. ^ Reasons for Selection, 2007 Canada's Top 100 Employers.
  36. ^ Sithole, Emelia (February 21, 2001). Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. S.Africa okays Pfizer AIDS drug distribution. Reuters NewMedia. Retrieved on 2006-05-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
  37. ^ Global HIV/AIDS Partnerships: Southern HIV/AIDS Prevention Initiative. Pfizer. Retrieved on 2006-05-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
  38. ^ European AIDS Treatment Group. Retrieved on 2006-05-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the
  39. ^ Hirschler, Ben (2005-04-12). Activists attack ethics of Pfizer AIDS drug trial. AIDS Meds. com. Retrieved on 2006-05-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the

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