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A petty kingdom is an independent realm recognizing no suzerain and controlling only a portion of the territory held by a particular ethnic group or nation. Suzerainty (ˈsjuːzərənti RP or /ˈsjuːzəreɪnti/ RP) (/ˈsuːzərənti/ GA) is a situation in which a Region or people is a Petty kingdoms were prominent before the formation of many of today's nation-states. For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy Many of today's countries were typically ruled by multiple local kings in more or less stable kingdoms. The various small states of the Holy Roman Empire are generally not considered to be petty kingdoms since they were at least nominally subject to the Holy Roman Emperor and not fully independent. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in

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England

Main article: Heptarchy

Before the Kingdom of England was established as a united entity, there were various kingdoms in the area - of which the main seven were known as the heptarchy. Heptarchy ( Greek: seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon ancient kingdoms of south east and central The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Heptarchy ( Greek: seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon ancient kingdoms of south east and central These were Wessex, Mercia, Northumbria (also extended into Scotland), East Anglia, Sussex, Kent, and Essex. West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation. Mercia (ˈmɝsiə was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. East Anglia is often used as a shorthand for the Kingdom of the East Angles. The Kingdom of Sussex, ( Suth Seaxe, ie the South Saxons was one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms the boundaries of which coincided in general with those of the earlier kingdom The Kingdom of Kent was a kingdom of Jutes in southeast England and was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. The Kingdom of Essex ( Est Seaxna "East Saxons" was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy) was founded

Serbia

Medieval Serbia comprised, at various time periods, smaller kingdoms of Rascia, Bosnia, Sirmium (Srem), Zeta (Dioclea, corresponding to portions of contemporary Montenegro) and the duchy of Hum (roughly corresponding to present-day Herzegovina and some of its surroundings). Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Raška ( alternative spellings have included Raschka, Rascia and Rassa) was the central and most successful Medieval Serbian Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging Sirmium in Pannonia should not be confused with Sirmio on Lake Garda Sirmium (today Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) was an ancient Zeta (Serbian Cyrillic Зета, Latin Zenta) was a principality whose territory was mostly Serbian territories that approximately encompass present-day Zachlumia ( Croatian: Zahumlje Serbian: Захумље also known as the Land of the Hum and Chelm, was a Medieval Herzegovina ( Bosnian, Croatian: Hercegovina, Serbian: Херцеговина) is a traditionally

Iberia

The Christian petty kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula that eventually formed Spain (and thus not including Portugal, itself a nation-state) included:

See the article about the taifa for the Islamic petty kingdoms that existed in Iberia after the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba in 1031. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. The Kingdom of Asturias was the first Christian political entity to be established in the Iberian peninsula after the collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either A taifa (from طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if) in the history of Iberia was an independent Muslim -ruled principality The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of

Ireland

Main article: Kingdoms of ancient Ireland

The earliest known kingdoms or tribes in Ireland are referred to in Ptolemy's Geography, written in the 2nd century. The earliest known kingdoms or Tribes in Ireland are referred to in Ptolemy 's Geography, written in the 2nd century. A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. He names the Vennicni, Rhobogdi, Erdini, Magnatae, Autini, Gangani, Vellabori, Darini, Voluntii, Eblani, Cauci, Menapii, Coriondi and Brigantes tribes and kingdoms. The Ulaid (pron /'ʊləɣ′/ were a people of early north-eastern Ireland, who gave their name to the modern province of Ulster: modern Irish Cúige The Menapii were a Belgic tribe of northern Gaul in pre-Roman and Roman times The Brigantes were a Celtic tribe who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of Northern England and a significant part of the Midlands

Irish medieval pseudohistory gives a seemingly idealized division of kingdoms. Pseudohistory is a term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard historiographical conventions in a way which undermines The island is divided into "fifths" (Old Irish cóiceda, Modern Irish cúige). There is Ulaid (Ulster) in the north, Cóiced Ol nEchmacht (Connacht) in the west, Mumha or Mhumhain (Munster) in the south, and Laighin (Leinster) in the east. The Ulaid (pron /'ʊləɣ′/ were a people of early north-eastern Ireland, who gave their name to the modern province of Ulster: modern Irish Cúige Ulster ( Ulaidh ˈkwɪɟɪ ˈʌlˠu / ˈʌlˠi is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in addition to Connacht, Munster and Leinster Cóiced Ol nEchmacht, ancient name for the province of Connacht, Ireland. Munster ( Irish: An Mhumhain, ənˈvuːnʲ Cúige Mumhan or Mumha) is the southernmost of the four Provinces of Ireland. Leinster (ˈlɛnstər Irish: Laighin, lainʲ one of the Provinces of Ireland, lies in the east of Ireland and comprises the counties of They all surround the central kingdom of Míde (whose name has survived in the modern counties Meath and Westmeath). County Westmeath (Contae na hIarmhí is a County situated in the Irish midlands, also popularly called the "Lake county" in the western part of the province Each of the outer four fifths had their own king, with the High King of Ireland ruling over them from Tara in Míde. A High King of Ireland ( Ard Rí na hÉireann) is a historical or legendary figure who claimed lordship over the whole of Ireland. The Hill of Tara ( Irish Teamhair na Rí, "Hill of the Kings" located near the River Boyne, is an archaeological complex that runs

In historical times Míde disappeared as a province. The four remaining fifths contained large numbers of tuatha or sub-kingdoms, constantly shifting as old dynasties died and new ones formed.

Norway

Main article: Petty kingdoms of Norway

In the early Viking Age, there were several different petty kingdoms. The Petty kingdoms of Norway were the entities from which the later Kingdom of Norway was founded Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 700 to 1066 in European history. Spurred by the unification of several of these kingdoms under Halfdan the Black, his son Harald Fairhair was able to unite them all in 872. Halfdan the Black Gudrødsson (c 810 – c 860) ( Old Norse: Hálfdan svarti, Norwegian Halvdan Svarte) was the father of the first Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair ( Old Norse: Haraldr hárfagri, Norwegian: Harald Hårfagre) (c Events By Place Europe Battle of Hafrsfjord: Harald Fairhair becomes the first king of Norway.

Some of the kingdoms:

Scotland

There were many petty kingdoms in Scotland before its unification. Southern Norway ( Norwegian: Sørlandet) (lit "southern land" is the name of the geographical region ( landsdel) of the Skagerrak Grenland is a traditional district in the county of Telemark, in the south of Norway. Hadeland is a traditional district in the south-eastern part of Norway. Hardanger is a traditional district in the western part of Norway, dominated by the Hardangerfjord. is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Oppland and Akershus. Hålogaland was the northernmost of the Norwegian provinces in the mediaeval Norse sagas. Land is a traditional district in Oppland, Norway consisting of the municipalities Nordre Land and Søndre Land. Namdalen is a traditional district in the central part of Norway, consisting of the municipalities Namsos, Grong, Overhalla, Nordmøre (North- Møre) is a traditional district in the Norwegian county of Møre og Romsdal. is a county in Norway, bordering Sør-Trøndelag, Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Buskerud, Akershus, Oslo Orkdal is a municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway is a county in Norway, bordering Hordaland, Telemark, Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder. Romsdal is the name of a Valley and traditional district in the Norwegian county Møre og Romsdal. Community in Sogn Norwayjpeg|right|200px|thumb|Shore community in Sogn Norway]] Sogn is a traditional district in Western Norway (Vestlandet. Solør is a Norwegian traditional district consisting of the Glomma valley between Elverum in the north and Kongsvinger in the Sunnmøre ("South- Møre " in Norwegian) is the southernmost traditional district of the western Norwegian county ( fylke) is a county in Norway, bordering Vestfold, Buskerud, Hordaland, Rogaland and Aust-Agder. Toten is a traditional district in Oppland county in the eastern part of Norway. Trøndelag is the name of a geographical region in the central part of Norway, consisting of the two counties Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag. is a county in Norway, bordering Buskerud and Telemark. The county administration is in Tønsberg. Vingulmark is the old name for the area which today makes up the counties of Østfold, western parts of Akershus (excluding Romerike) and eastern parts is a municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional district of Voss Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Sweden

According to the Norse sagas, and modern history, Sweden was divided into more or less independent units in some areas corresponding to the folklands and the modern traditional provinces. Dál Riata (also Dalriada or Dalriata) was a Gaelic overkingdom on the western seaboard of Scotland with some territory on the northern The Gododdin (goˈdoðin were a Brythonic people of north-eastern Britain (modern north-east England and south-east Scotland) in the sub-Roman The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century Fortriu or the Kingdom of Fortriu is the name given by historians for an ancient Pictish kingdom and often used synonymously with Strathclyde ( Gaelic: Srath Chluaidh) (lit "Valley of the Clyde" originally Brythonic Ystrad Clud, was one of the kingdoms Bernicia was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now the South-East of Scotland and the North-East of The sagas (from Icelandic saga, plural sögur) are stories about ancient Scandinavian and Germanic history about early Viking voyages "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Folklands (Folklanden are the name for the original Swedish provinces of Tiundaland, Attundaland, Fjärdhundraland, and Roden ( According to the sagas, the folklands and provinces of eastern Svealand were united under the Swedish king at Gamla Uppsala. Svealand ( or (rarely or historically Sweden Proper is the historical core region of Sweden. Gamla Uppsala ("Old Uppsala" is a parish and a village outside Uppsala in Sweden. Moreover, the domains of this king could also include parts of Götaland and even southern Norway. This probably reflects the volatile politics of Iron Age Scandinavia. The province of Småland once consisted of several petty kingdoms as also the meaning of the word Småland reveals (Små land = Small Lands/countries). is a historical province ( landskap) in southern Sweden. Småland borders Blekinge, Scania or Skåne Halland, See Finnveden, Njudung and Värend for instance. Finnveden or Finnheden is one of the ancient small lands of Småland. Värend is one of the constituent small countries at the unification of the province Småland, in Sweden.

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