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For other uses, see Petroglyph (disambiguation).
Petroglyphs on Newspaper Rock near Canyonlands National Park, south of Moab, south eastern Utah, USA
Petroglyphs on Newspaper Rock near Canyonlands National Park, south of Moab, south eastern Utah, USA
Rock carving known as "Meercatze" (named by archaeologist Leo Frobenius), rampant lionesses in Wadi Methkandoush, Mesak Settafet region of Libya.
Rock carving known as "Meercatze" (named by archaeologist Leo Frobenius), rampant lionesses in Wadi Methkandoush, Mesak Settafet region of Libya. Wadi Mathendous is a prehistotric archeological site in south western Libya in Mesak Settafet, famous for its rock engravings of different kinds

Petroglyphs are images created by removing part of a rock surfaces by incising, pecking, carving, and abrading. An image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact usually two-dimensional that has a similar appearance to some subject &mdashusually In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions of the technique to refer to such images. Petroglyphs are found world-wide, and are often (but not always) associated with prehistoric peoples. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" The word comes from the Greek words petros meaning "stone" and glyphein meaning "to carve" (it was originally coined in French as pétroglyphe). Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

The term petroglyph should not be confused with pictograph, which is an image drawn or painted on a rock face. A pictogram ( also spelled pictogramme) or pictograph is a Symbol representing a Concept, object, activity place or event Both types of image belong to the wider and more general category of rock art. Rock art is a term in Archaeology for any man-made markings made on natural stone Petroforms, or patterns and shapes made by many large rocks and boulders over the ground, are also quite different. Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics are human-made shapes and patterns of rocks on the open ground Inukshuks are also unique, and found mainly in the arctic. An inuksuk (plural inuksuit) (from the Inuktitut: ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ plural ᐃᓄᒃᓱᐃᑦ alternatively inukshuk in English or inukhuk

Contents

History

Composite image of petroglyphs from Scandinavia (Häljesta, Västmanland in Sweden). Nordic Bronze Age. The glyphs have been painted to make them more visible.
Composite image of petroglyphs from Scandinavia (Häljesta, Västmanland in Sweden). Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Nordic Bronze Age. The glyphs have been painted to make them more visible.
A petroglyph of a caravan of bighorn sheep near Moab, Utah, USA; a common theme in glyphs from the desert southwest
A petroglyph of a caravan of bighorn sheep near Moab, Utah, USA; a common theme in glyphs from the desert southwest

The oldest petroglyphs are dated to approximately the Neolithic and late Upper Paleolithic boundary, about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, if not earlier (Kamyana Mohyla). Bighorn Sheep ( Ovis canadensis) is a species of sheep in North America and Siberia with large horns which can weigh up to. For other instances of Moab, see Moab (disambiguation. Moab is a city in Grand County, in eastern Utah, in The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe Africa Kamyana Mohyla (Кам'яна Могила Каменная могила literally "stone tomb" is an archaeological site in the Molochna River valley about a Around 7,000 to 9,000 years ago, other precursors of writing systems, such as pictographs and ideograms, began to appear. A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. A pictogram ( also spelled pictogramme) or pictograph is a Symbol representing a Concept, object, activity place or event An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek idea "idea" + grafo "to write" is a Graphic symbol that represents an Idea Petroglyphs were still common though, and some cultures continued using them much longer, even until contact with Western culture was made in the 20th century. Western culture (sometimes equated with Western Civilization) are terms which are used to refer to Cultures of European origin The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Petroglyphs have been found in all parts of the globe except Antarctica with highest concentrations in parts of Africa, Scandinavia, Siberia, southwestern North America and Australia. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Interpretation

There are many theories to explain their purpose, depending on their location, age, and the type of image. Some petroglyphs are thought to be astronomical markers, maps, and other forms of symbolic communication, including a form of "pre-writing". They might also have been a by-product of other rituals: sites in India, for example, have been identified as musical instruments or "rock gongs". [1]

Some petroglyph images probably had deep cultural and religious significance for the societies that created them; in many cases this significance remains for their descendants. Many petroglyphs are thought to represent some kind of not-yet-fully understood symbolic or ritual language. Later glyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age in Scandinavia seem to refer to some form of territorial boundary between tribes, in addition to possible religious meanings. The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age) is the name given by Oscar Montelius to a period and a Bronze Age culture in Scandinavian A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use It also appears that local or regional dialects from similar or neighboring peoples exist. The Siberian inscriptions almost look like some early form of runes, although there is not thought to be any relationship between them. They are not yet well understood.

Some researchers have noticed the resemblance of different styles of petroglyphs across different continents; while it is expected that all people would be inspired by their surroundings, it is harder to explain the common styles. This could be mere coincidence, an indication that certain groups of people migrated widely from some initial common area, or indication of a common origin. Human migration denotes any movement by Humans from one locality to another sometimes over long distances or In 1853 George Tate read a paper to the Berwick Naturalists' Club at which a Mr John Collingwood Bruce agreed that the carvings had ". . . a common origin, and indicate a symbolic meaning, representing some popular thought. " [2] In his cataloguing of Scottish rock art, Ronald Morris summarised 104 different theories on their interpretation. [3].

Other, more controversial, explanations are mostly grounded in Jungian psychology and the views of Mircea Eliade. Analytical psychology (or Jungian psychology) refers to the school of Psychology originating from the ideas of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, and then advanced Mircea Eliade ( – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion fiction writer philosopher and professor at the University of Chicago According to these theories it is possible that the similarity of petroglyphs (and other atavistic or archetypal symbols) from different cultures and continents is a result of the genetically inherited structure of the human brain. The term atavism (derived from the Latin atavus, a great-grandfather's grandfather and thus more generally an ancestor denotes the tendency to revert to ancestral type An archetype ( pronounced: /ˈɑːkɪtaɪp/ (Brit or /ˈɑrkɪtaɪp/ (Amer The musical instrument is spelled Cymbal. A symbol is something --- such as an object, Picture, written word a sound a piece Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is

Other theories suggest that petroglyphs were made by shamans in an altered state of consciousness[4], perhaps induced by the use of natural hallucinogens. An altered state of consciousness, (ASC also named altered state of mind is any condition which is significantly different from a normal waking Beta wave state The general group of pharmacological agents commonly known as hallucinogens can be divided into three broad categories Psychedelics, Dissociatives Many of the geometric patterns (known as form constants) which recur in petroglyphs and cave paintings have been shown to be "hard-wired" into the human brain; they frequently occur in visual disturbances and hallucinations brought on by drugs, migraine and other stimuli. Geometry ( Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth metria = measure is a part of Mathematics concerned with questions of size shape and relative position A pattern, from the French patron, is a theme of recurring events or objects sometimes referred to as elements of a set A form constant is one of several geometric patterns which are recurringly observed during Hallucinations and Altered states of consciousness. Cave paintings are Paintings on Cave walls and ceilings and the term is used especially for those dating to Prehistoric times Migraine is a neurological Syndrome characterized by altered bodily experiences painful headaches and nausea

Present-day links between shamanism and rock-art amongst the San people of the Kalahari desert have been studied by the Rock Art Research Institute (RARI) of the University of the Witwatersrand [1]. The University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg is a leading South African University situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. Though the San people's artworks are predominantly paintings, the beliefs behind them can perhaps be used as a basis for understanding other types of rock art, including petroglyphs. To quote from the RARI website:

Using knowledge of San beliefs, researchers have shown that the art played a fundamental part in the religious lives of its San painters. The art captured things from the San’s world behind the rock-face: the other world inhabited by spirit creatures, to which dancers could travel in animal form, and where people of ecstasy could draw power and bring it back for healing, rain-making and capturing the game.

List of petroglyph sites

Africa

Australia

Asia

Rock carving on Cheung Chau Island, Hong Kong. Tassili n'Ajjer ( Tamazight, "Plateau of the Rivers" is a Mountain range in the Sahara Desert in southeast Algeria, Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. Central Africa|Central African FederationThe Central African Republic ( CAR) République Centrafricaine ʀepyblik sɑ̃tʀafʀikɛn or Centrafrique) is a Landlocked Chad (Tchad تشاد Tshād) officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a Landlocked country in Central Africa. The Republic of the Congo (République du Congo Kongo: Repubilika ya Kongo; Lingala: Republiki ya Kongó) also known as Congo-Brazzaville Gabon (gəˈbɒn or /gaˈbõ/ in French) is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Republic Tadrart Acacus (تدرارت أكاكوس is a desert area in western Libya and is part of the Sahara Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jebel Uweinat (1934 m ar جبل العوينات "mountain of sourcelets" also spelled Auenat, Ouenat, Ouinat, Owainat Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Dra is also the abbreviation for the constellation Draco. The Draa (درعَا (also spelled Dra or Draâ, in older Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Twyfelfontein is a site in the Kunene Region of Namibia containing 2000 figures of Rock carvings. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast The giraffe ( Giraffa camelopardalis) is an African Even-toed ungulate Mammal, the tallest of all land-living Animal Species Niger ( or /ˈnaɪdʒɚ/) officially the Republic of Niger, is a Landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. ar Wadi Hammamat (Valley of Many Baths is a dry river bed in Egypt 's Eastern Desert, about halfway between Qusier and Qena. Qift ( قفط; Coptic: Keft or Kebto; Egyptian Gebtu; Greek Coptos This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Arnhem Land Region is one of the five regions of the Northern Territory of Australia. Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km south-east of Darwin. Murujuga (Hip Bone Sticking Out or The Burrup Peninsula, is located on the north-western coast of Western Australia on the Dampier Archipelago Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. The Sydney Rock Engravings are a form of Australian Aboriginal Rock Art consisting of carefully drawn images of people animals or symbols in the sandstone around Cheung Chau ( Pinyin: Chángzhōu lit "Long Island" is a small Island 10 km southwest of Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders This 3000-year-old rock carving was reported by geologists in 1970

Petroglyphs at Cholpon-Ata in Kyrgyzstan

Tamgaly petroglyphs in Kazakstan

Buddhist carvings at Ili river in Kazakstan

Azerbaijan

China

India

Kazakhstan

Korea

Kyrgyzstan

Pakistan

Philippines

Petroglyphs on a rock wall found in the Sierra Madre mountain range, Rizal, Philippines

Pacific

Petroglyph on western coast of Hawaii

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Petroglyphs at Orongo, Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The Chumysh (Чумыш is a River in Russia, right branch of the Ob River (flows in Ob 88 km down from Barnaul) The Ili River (Іле İle, Или 伊犁河 Yili He is a River in northwestern China ( Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of the Xinjiang Tamgaly is a Petroglyph site in the Semirechye, Kazakhstan. Tamgaly ( is located 170 km to northwest of Almaty. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Bangudae Petroglyphs are located in Daegok-ri Ulsan, South Korea. The Tian Shan (天山 Pinyin: Tiān Shān "celestial mountains" also commonly spelled Tien Shan, is a Mountain range located in Central Cholpon-Ata (Чолпоната in Kyrgyz is a Resort town on the northern shore of Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan with a year-round population of about Osh ( Kyrgyz: Ош) is the second largest city in Kyrgyzstan located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country and often referred The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley (Farg‘ona vodiysi Kyrgyz: Фергана өрөөнү Tajik: водии Фaрғонa Ферганская долина The Northern Areas ( Urdu:,) is officially referred to by the government of Pakistan as the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA The Sierra Madre is a Mountain range in the Philippines. It is the longest in the country (about 210 mi and runs the north-eastern coast of Luzon island Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Angono Petroglyphs is the oldest known work of Art in the Philippines. Rizal is a province of the Philippines located in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 20 kilometers east of Manila. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, established in 1916 is a United States National Park located in the U ‘Orongo is a stone village and ceremonial center at the southwestern tip of Rapa Nui ( Easter Island) A Make-make at the base and two birdmen higher up

South America

North America

Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland, eastern California, USA

Southern Utah, USA

Southern Utah, USA

Arches National Park

Peterborough, Ontario, Canada

Arizona, USA

Columbia River Gorge, Washington, USA

Upside-down man in Western Colorado, USA

Rochester Rock Art Panel in the San Rafael Swell in Utah, USA

[2]

Puerto Rico

Dominican Republic

Europe

Petroglyph from Foppe of Nadro, Val Camonica, Italy
Duel in Foppe of Nadro, Val Camonica, Italy
Running Priest in Capo di Ponte, Val Camonica, Italy

Engravers from Val Camonica, Italy

Rock Carving in Tanum, Sweden

Carving "The Shoemaker", Brastad, Sweden

Petroglyph in Roque Bentayga, Gran Canaria (Canary Islands). Cumbe Mayo is located about 12 miles (19 km southwest of the Peruvian city of Cajamarca, at an elevation of approximately 11000 feet (3300 meters Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Corantijn Basin is one of a large number of archaeological sites located in the interior of Suriname in South American. Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Peterborough is a City on the Otonabee River in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, 125 kilometres Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Columbia River Gorge is a Canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This panel consists of a large number of Petroglyphs of various ages The San Rafael Swell is a large geologic feature located in south-central Utah, USA about 30 miles (50 km west of Green River Utah. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Arches National Park is a US National park in southern Utah. It is known for preserving over 2000 natural sandstone arches, including the The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Capitol Reef National Park is a United States National Park, in south-central Utah. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Death Valley National Park is a mostly Arid United States National Park located east of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in southern Inyo County California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Dinosaur National Monument is a US National Monument located on the southeast flank of the Uinta Mountains on the border between the American The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The Columbia Hills are an area of hills in Washington state, USA Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Cove Palisades State Park is a State park in eastern Jefferson County, Oregon, near Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. The Jeffers Petroglyphs site is an Outcrop in southwestern Minnesota with pre-contact Native American Petroglyphs The petroglyphs are pecked Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Kanopolis State Park contains a reservoir, desert plants such as Yucca, a Prairie dog town, and scenic Sandstone canyons Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Kejimkujik National Park (or "Keji" is part of the Canadian National Parks system, located in the province of Nova Scotia (NS Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Lava Beds National Monument, located in Siskiyou and Modoc Counties California, is the site of the largest concentration of Lava tube Caves California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Legend Rock Petroglyph Site is located 20 miles Northwest of Hot Springs State Park in Thermopolis, Wyoming. Thermopolis is a town in Hot Springs County, Wyoming, United States. The State of Wyoming ( is a sparsely populated state in the western region of the United States. The Leo Petroglyph is Sandstone Petroglyph containing 37 images of humans and animals as well as footprints of each Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Newspaper Rock State Historic Monument is located some 25 miles (40 km north and west of Monticello and south and west of Moab in eastern Utah, western The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Nuevo León ( Spanish for "New León " after the former kingdom in Spain) is a state located in northeastern Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Olympic National Park is located in the US state of Washington, in the Olympic Peninsula. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Petit Jean State Park is a 3471 acre (1405 km² State park in central Arkansas managed by the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Petrified Forest National Park is along Interstate 40 between Holbrook and Navajo, in the United States. Petroglyph National Monument stretches 17 miles (27 km along Albuquerque Petroglyphs Provincial Park is a historical-class Provincial park situated northeast of Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. Peterborough is a City on the Otonabee River in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, 125 kilometres Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Petroglyph Provincial Park is located at the south end of the City of Nanaimo, Canada where the Nanaimo River empties into the Northumberland Channel British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Sanilac Petroglyphs Historic State Park is a State park in Michigan containing Michigan's only known rock carvings attributable to Native American Indians Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. For the Kia Motors Sedona automobile see Kia Carnival Sedona (sɨˈdoʊnə is a city and community that straddles The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Sloan Canyon is a National Conservation Area (NCA administered by the United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. This article is about the National Conservation Area in Nevada Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. This panel consists of a large number of Petroglyphs of various ages The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. South Mountain Park in Phoenix Arizona is the largest city park in the United States, one of the largest Urban parks in North America and The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Stuart Lake or Nak'albun (IPA nak'albʌn is a Lake situated in the Northern Interior of British Columbia, Canada. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C There are over 21000 Petroglyphs at the Three Rivers Petroglyph Site at Three Rivers New Mexico, located midway between Tularosa and Carrizozo New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. Writing Rock State Historical Site located twelve miles northeast of Grenora North Dakota in Divide County near the Montana border is the site of two North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park is located about 100 Kilometres southeast of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada or 44 kilometres east of the community Milk River is a tributary of the Missouri River, 729 mi (1173 km long in the U Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 The White Tank Mountain Regional Park is a large Regional park located in west-central Maricopa County, Arizona. Waddell is an unincorporated community in the far northwestern part of the Phoenix metro area in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Nadro (Nàder in Camunian dialect) is an italian hamlet ( Frazione) of the Comune of Ceto ( BS) Lombardy Valcamonica Lombard valleys of the biggest and as famous as for its battails facts in ancient stories to noble families and very honorable and men who were distinguished for letters for weapons Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Nadro (Nàder in Camunian dialect) is an italian hamlet ( Frazione) of the Comune of Ceto ( BS) Lombardy Valcamonica Lombard valleys of the biggest and as famous as for its battails facts in ancient stories to noble families and very honorable and men who were distinguished for letters for weapons Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Capo di Ponte (Co de Pút in Camunian dialect) is a commune in the Italian Province of Brescia, in Lombardy in the middle part of Valle Valcamonica Lombard valleys of the biggest and as famous as for its battails facts in ancient stories to noble families and very honorable and men who were distinguished for letters for weapons Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Valcamonica Lombard valleys of the biggest and as famous as for its battails facts in ancient stories to noble families and very honorable and men who were distinguished for letters for weapons Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.

England

France

Ireland

Italy

Norway

See also: List of rock carvings in Norway

Portugal

Spain

Puerto Rico

Russia

Sweden

Turkey

Ukraine

Middle East

Notes

  1. ^ Ancient Indians made 'rock music', BBC News Friday, 19 March, 2004
  2. ^ J. Cup and ring marks or cup marks are a form of Prehistoric art found mainly in Northern England and Scotland as well as Ireland Brittany and North West Spain although Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Mercantour National Park (Parc national du Mercantour is one of the seven national parks of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Newgrange (Dún Fhearghusa is one of the Passage tombs of the Brú na Bóinne complex in County Meath, one of the most famous Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Val Camonica is a valley in the lower Alpine regions of Lombardy, between the Province of Brescia and Province of Bergamo, Italy. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Bagnolo steles are two stone boulders found in Ceresolo-Bagnolo Malegno commune Brescia province Lombardia, Northern Italy, at the base Valcamonica Lombard valleys of the biggest and as famous as for its battails facts in ancient stories to noble families and very honorable and men who were distinguished for letters for weapons Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest This article contains a list of rock carvings in Norway. Locations Rock carvings in the different counties of Norway Akershus The Rock carvings at Alta are part of an archaeological site near the town of Alta in the county of Finnmark in northern Norway. Norway is a region in Norway, comprising the two Trøndelag-counties Nord- and Sør-Trøndelag as well as parts of the Nordland and Møre og Romsdal The Rock carvings at Møllerstufossen in Nord-Sinni in Nordre Land municipality in Oppland county of Norway comprise several carvings of Moose The rock carvings at Tennes in Balsfjord, Norway comprise about 60 figures distributed over three fields The Côa Valley Paleolithic Art site is one of the largest known open air sites of Paleolithic art. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Petrozavodsk (Петрозаво́дск Karelian / Vepsian / Petroskoi) is the Capital of the Republic of Karelia, Russia Lake Onega (also known as Onego, Онежское озеро Onezhskoe ozero, i Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Tomskaya Pisanitsa Museum is an Open-air museum located some 50 km north-west of Kemerovo on the right bank of the Tom River in Western Siberia The Kanozero Petroglyphs are a set of Rock drawings discovered in 1997 on an island in Lake Kanozero in the southwestern part of the Kola Peninsula in Tanumshede is a town in Bohuslän, Västra Götaland County in western Sweden with a population of 1600 is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish situated on the west coast of the country Norrköping is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland Östergötland is a one of the traditional Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish) in the south of Sweden. Enköping is a town (pop 20200 in the traditional Swedish province Uppland and the seat of Enköping Municipality, Uppsala län. Uppland ( is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( Götaland ( Gothia, Gothland, Gothenland, Gotland, Gautland, Geatland is one of three lands of Sweden Västra Götaland County or Western Gothland County ( Västra Götalands län) is a county or Län on the western coast of Sweden is a one of the Provinces of Sweden ( landskap) situated in the south of the country is a historical province or landskap in the north of Sweden. It borders to Medelpad, Jämtland, Lapland, Västerbotten is a historical Swedish province, or landskap, in middle Sweden. sometimes referred to under its Latin form Sudermannia, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden. or Jamtland (ˈjamtˌlanː in Jamtish) is a historical province or Landskap in the center of Sweden in Northern The King's Grave near Kivik ( Kungagraven Kiviksgraven) in the southeastern portion of the Swedish province of Skåne ( is what remains Kars may refer to Kars Turkey Kars Province, Turkey Kars Oblast, Russian Empire Kars Province Kars may refer to Kars Turkey Kars Province, Turkey Kars Oblast, Russian Empire Kars Province Kamyana Mohyla (Кам'яна Могила Каменная могила literally "stone tomb" is an archaeological site in the Molochna River valley about a Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kurgan stelae ( Turkic: tr balbal Russian: ru каменные бабы Ukrainian: uk Баби кам'яні "stone babas quot are Wadi Rum (وادي رم is a valley cut into the sandstone and granite rock in southwest Jordan. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern Riyadh ( الرياض Ar-Riyāḍ) is the Capital of Saudi Arabia and its largest city Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Collingwood Bruce (1868; cited in Beckensall, S. , Northumberland's Prehistoric Rock Carvings: A Mystery Explained. Pendulum Publications, Rothbury, Northumberland. 1983:19)
  3. ^ Ronald Morris, The Prehistoric Rock Art of Galloway and The Isle of Man (ISBN 978-0-7137-0974-2 , Blandford Press 1979
  4. ^ [see Lewis-Williams, D. 2002. A Cosmos in Stone: Interpreting Religion and Society through Rock Art. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, Ca. ]
  5. ^ Keyser, James D. (July 1992). Indian Rock Art of the Columbia Plateau. University of Washington Press, 139pp. . ISBN 978-0295971605.  

See also

Further reading

External links

Dictionary

petroglyph

-noun

  1. A rock carving, especially one made in prehistoric times
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