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A petrochemical refinery in Grangemouth, Scotland, UK.
A petrochemical refinery in Grangemouth, Scotland, UK. Grangemouth is a town and former Burgh in the council area of Falkirk, Scotland, and formerly in the County of Stirling. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum or other hydrocarbon origin. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. Although some of the chemical compounds that originates from petroleum may also be derived from other sources such as coal or natural gas, petroleum is a major source of many. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, This article is mainly intended to discuss organic compounds or materials that are not burned as fuel (see also Petroleum product). An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy Petroleum products are useful materials derived from crude oil ( Petroleum) as it is processed in Oil refineries.

The two main classes of petrochemical raw materials are olefins (including ethylene and propylene) and aromatics (including benzene and xylene isomers), both of which are produced in very large quantities. In Organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated Chemical compound containing at least one Carbon Structure This Hydrocarbon has four Hydrogen Atoms bound to a pair of Carbon atoms that are connected by a Double bond. Propene, also known as propylene, is an unsaturated organic compound having the Chemical formula C 3 H 6 Benzene, or benzol, is an organic Chemical compound and a known Carcinogen with the molecular formula C 6 H 6 o-Xylene|m-Xylene|p-XyleneThe term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three Benzene derivatives which is used as a Solvent in the Printing This article is about the chemical concept For "isomerism" of atomic nuclei see Nuclear isomer. At oil refineries, olefins are produced mainly from hydrocarbons by processes such as fluid catalytic cracking and steam cracking. An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC is the most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries. In Petroleum geology and Chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic Molecules such as Kerogens or heavy Hydrocarbons At oil refineries, aromatic hydrocarbons are mainly produced by catalytic reforming or similar processes. Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert Petroleum refinery Naphthas typically having low octane ratings, into high-octane liquid products From these basic building blocks is made a very wide range of chemicals and other materials used in industry - monomers, solvents, detergents, and adhesives. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. A monomer (from Greek mono "one" and meros "part" is a small Molecule that may become chemically bonded to other A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. A detergent (as a noun is a material intended to assist Cleaning. Glue or adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together From the monomers, polymers or oligomers are produced for plastics, resins, fibers, elastomers, certain lubricants, and gels. A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds In Chemistry, an oligomer consists of a limited number of Monomer units (ολιγος or oligos is Greek for "a few" in contrast to a Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Resin, not to be confused with Rosin, is a Hydrocarbon Secretion of many Plants particularly coniferous trees. Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. An elastomer is a Polymer with the property of Elasticity. The term which is derived from elastic polymer, is often used interchangeably with the term A lubricant (sometimes referred to as a "Lube" is a substance (often a liquid introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce the Friction between them improving

World production of ethylene is around 110 million tonnes per annum, of propylene 65 million tonnes, and of aromatic raw materials 70 million tonnes. The largest petrochemical industries are to be found in the USA and Western Europe, though the major growth in new production capacity is in the Middle East and Asia. There is a substantial inter-regional trade in petrochemicals of all kinds.

The following is a partial list of the major commercial petrochemicals and their derivatives:


See also

External links

Terephthalic acid is one Isomer of the three Phthalic acids. It finds important use as a Commodity chemical, principally as a starting compound Uses PET can be semi-rigid to rigid depending on its thickness and is very lightweight Polyester is a category of Polymers which contain the Ester Functional group in their main chain Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Petroleum products are useful materials derived from crude oil ( Petroleum) as it is processed in Oil refineries. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC) is a Cartel of thirteen countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador

Dictionary

petrochemical

-noun

  1. (chemistry) any compound derived from petroleum or natural gas

-adjective

  1. Of or pertaining to the such compounds, or the industry that produces them
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