Petra*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
State Party	Jordan
Type	Cultural
Criteria	i, iii, iv
Reference	326
Region†	Arab States
Inscription history
Inscription	1985  (9th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

Petra (from πέτρα "petra", rock in Greek; Arabic: البتراء, Al-Butrā) is an archaeological site in Arabah, Aqaba Governorate, Jordan, lying on the slope of Mount Hor^[1] in a basin among the mountains which form the eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Araba), the large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The Arabah (הָעֲרָבָה Tiberian: HāʻĂrāḇā وادي عربة Wādī ʻAraba) is a section of the Great Aqaba (العقبة al-ʻAqabah is one of the Governorates of Jordan, located south of Amman, capital of Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern Mount Hor ( Hebrew: הֹר הָהָר Hor Ha-Har) is the name given in the Old Testament to two distinct mountains Depression in Geology is a Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area The Arabah (הָעֲרָבָה Tiberian: HāʻĂrāḇā وادي عربة Wādī ʻAraba) is a section of the Great The Dead Sea (יָם הַ‏‏מֶ‏ּ‏לַ‏ח, "Sea of Salt"البَحْر المَيّت, "Dead Sea" is a salt lake between The Gulf of Aqaba ( Arabic: خليج العقبة transliterated: Khalyj al-'Aqabah in Israel known as the Gulf of Eilat ( Hebrew It is renowned for its rock-cut architecture. Rock-cut architecture is the practice of creating buildings by carving natural rock. Petra is also one of the new wonders of the world. New Seven Wonders of the World is a project that attempts to revive the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World concept with a list of modern wonders

The site remained unknown to the Western world until 1812, when it was discovered by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Johann Ludwig (aka John Lewis, Jean Louis) Burckhardt ( November 24, 1784 - October 15, 1817) Swiss It was famously described as "a rose-red city half as old as time" in a Newdigate prize-winning sonnet by John William Burgon. Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize is awarded to students of the University of Oxford for Best Composition in English verse by an undergraduate who has been admitted to Oxford The sonnet is one of the poetic forms that can be found in Lyric poetry from Europe. John William Burgon ( August 21, 1813 - August 4, 1888) English Anglican divine who become the Dean of UNESCO has described it as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage. "^[2] In 1985, Petra was designated a World Heritage Site. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2.1 Roman rule 2.2 Religion 2.3 Decline 3 Petra Today 4 Media Appearances 5 External links 6 Photo Gallery 7 Media 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References

Geography

Rekem is an ancient name for Petra and appears in Dead Sea scrolls^[3] associated with Mount Seir. The Dead Sea Scrolls consist of roughly 1000 documents including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1979 in eleven Caves Mount Seir ( Hebrew: הַר-שֵׂעִיר Har Se'ir formed the south-east border of Edom and Judah, it may also echo the older historical border of Egypt Additionally, Eusebius and Jerome^[4] assert that Rekem was the native name of Petra, supposedly on the authority of Josephus,^[5] Pliny the Elder and other writers identify Petra as the capital of the Nabataeans, Aramaic-speaking Semites, and the centre of their caravan trade. Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author The Nabataeans ( Arabic: الأنباط, Al-Anbāṭ) were an ancient Semitic people Arabs of southern Jordan, Canaan Aramaic is a Semitic language with In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ A camel train is a series of Camels carrying goods or passengers in a group as part of a regular or semi-regular service between two points Enclosed by towering rocks and watered by a perennial stream, Petra not only possessed the advantages of a fortress but controlled the main commercial routes which passed through it to Gaza in the west, to Bosra and Damascus in the north, to Aqaba and Leuce Come on the Red Sea, and across the desert to the Persian Gulf. A stream is a body of Water with a current, confined within a bed and stream-banks Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Bosra ( بصرى, also Bostra, Busrana, Bozrah, Bozra, Busra Eski Şam, Busra ash-Sham, Nova Trajana Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. For the town in the West Bank see Aqabah West Bank. Aqaba (العقبة Al-ʻAqabah) is a coastal town in the far south of The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The latitude is 30° 19' 43" N and the longitude is 35° 26' 31" E.

Excavations have demonstrated that it was the ability of the Nabataeans to control the water supply that led to the rise of the desert city, in effect creating an artificial oasis. In Geography, an oasis (plural oases) or Cienega ( Southwestern United States) is an isolated area of vegetation in a Desert, typically The area is visited by flash floods and archaeological evidence demonstrates the Nabataeans controlled these floods by the use of dams, cisterns and water conduits. A flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic lowlying areas - washes rivers and streams A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees For cisterns in Neuroanatomy, see Cistern (neuroanatomy.For the village in England see Syston. These innovations stored water for prolonged periods of drought, and enabled the city to prosper from its sale. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply ^[6][7]

Although in ancient times Petra might have been approached from the south (via Saudi Arabia on a track leading around Jabal Haroun, Aaron's Mountain, on across the plain of Petra), or possibly from the high plateau to the north, most modern visitors approach the ancient site from the east. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Mount Hor ( Hebrew: הֹר הָהָר Hor Ha-Har) is the name given in the Old Testament to two distinct mountains The impressive eastern entrance leads steeply down through a dark, narrow gorge (in places only 3–4 metres wide) called the Siq ("the shaft"), a natural geological feature formed from a deep split in the sandstone rocks and serving as a waterway flowing into Wadi Musa. al-Siq ( Arabic: السيق (translated the shaft) is the main entrance to the Ancient city of Petra in southern Jordan. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Wadi Musa, ("وادي موسى" in Arabic translated as "Valley of Moses " is the name of a town located in the Aqaba At the end of the narrow gorge stands Petra's most elaborate ruin, Al Khazneh ("the Treasury"), hewn into the sandstone cliff. The Treasury redirects here for other uses see The Treasury (disambiguation Al Khazneh ("The Treasury" Arabic:

A little further from the Treasury, at the foot of the mountain called en-Nejr is a massive theatre, so placed as to bring the greatest number of tombs within view. At the point where the valley opens out into the plain, the site of the city is revealed with striking effect. The amphitheatre has actually been cut into the hillside and into several of the tombs during its construction. An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances Rectangular gaps in the seating are still visible. Almost enclosing it on three sides are rose-colored mountain walls, divided into groups by deep fissures, and lined with knobs cut from the rock in the form of towers.

History

So far, no method has been found to determine when the history of Petra began. Evidence suggests that the city was founded relatively late, though a sanctuary may have existed there since very ancient times. This part of the country was traditionally assigned to the Horites, probably cave-dwellers, the predecessors of the Edomites. Horites (Egyptian Khar) were cave-dwellers mentioned in the Torah ( Genesis 146 3620 Deuteronomy 212 inhabiting areas around Petra ^[8] The habits of the original natives may have influenced the Nabataean custom of burying the dead and offering worship in half-excavated caves. However, the fact that Petra is mentioned by name in the Old Testament cannot be verified. In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. Although Petra is usually identified with Sela which also means a rock, the Biblical references^[9] are not clear. Sela (from Se'lah rock) was the capital of Edom situated in the great valley extending from the Dead Sea to the Red Sea (2 Kings 147 2 Kings xiv. The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. 7 seems to be more specific. In the parallel passage, however, Sela is understood to mean simply "the rock" (2 Chr. xxv. 12, see LXX). As a result, many authorities doubt whether any town named Sela is mentioned in the Old Testament.

It is unclear exactly what Semitic inhabitants called their city. In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ Apparently on the authority of Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews iv. Josephus (AD 37 – c 100 also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu (Joseph son of Matthias and after he became a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus Antiquities of the Jews ( Antiquitates Judaicae in Latin) was a work published by the important Jewish historian Flavius Josephus about the 7, 1~ 4, 7), Eusebius and Jerome (Onom. Jerome (c 347 – September 30, 420) ( Latin: Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος sacr. 286, 71. 145, 9; 228, 55. 287, 94), assert that Rekem was the native name and Rekem appears in the Dead Sea scrolls as a prominent Edom site most closely describing Petra. The Dead Sea Scrolls consist of roughly 1000 documents including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1979 in eleven Caves But in the Aramaic versions Rekem is the name of Kadesh, implying that Josephus may have confused the two places. This article is about Kadesh in the South of Israel see also Kadesh or Kedesh. Sometimes the Aramaic versions give the form Rekem-Geya which recalls the name of the village El-ji, southeast of Petra. The capital, however, would hardly be defined by the name of a neighboring village. The Semitic name of the city, if not Sela, remains unknown. The passage in Diodorus Siculus (xix. 94–97) which describes the expeditions which Antigonus sent against the Nabataeans in 312 BC is understood to throw some light upon the history of Petra, but the "petra" referred to as a natural fortress and place of refuge cannot be a proper name and the description implies that the town was not yet in existence. Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed" (382 BC - 301 BC son of Philip from Elimeia, was a Macedonian nobleman general and Satrap Events By place Seleucid Empire Ptolemy and Seleucus, the Satrap of Babylonia, invade the satrapy of Brünnow thinks that "the rock" in question was the sacred mountain en-Nejr (above). But Buhl suggests a conspicuous height about 16 miles north of Petra, Shobak, the Mont-royal of the Crusaders. Montreal was a Crusader castle on the eastern side of the Arabah, perched on the side of a rocky conical mountain looking out over fruit trees below The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal states created by Western European Crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and

More satisfactory evidence of the date of the earliest Nabataean settlement may be obtained from an examination of the tombs. Two types may be distinguished—the Nabataean and the Greco-Roman. In modern Olympic and amateur Wrestling, Greco-Roman wrestling is a particular style and variation The Nabataean type starts from the simple pylon-tomb with a door set in a tower crowned by a parapet ornament, in imitation of the front of a dwelling-house. Then, after passing through various stages, the full Nabataean type is reached, retaining all the native features and at the same time exhibiting characteristics which are partly Egyptian and partly Greek. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Of this type there exist close parallels in the tomb-towers at el-I~ejr [?] in north Arabia, which bear long Nabataean inscriptions and supply a date for the corresponding monuments at Petra. Then comes a series of tombfronts which terminate in a semicircular arch, a feature derived from north Syria. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Finally come the elaborate façades copied from the front of a Roman temple; however, all traces of native style have vanished. Fanum At the temples Romans prayed and made Ritual Worship Offerings of a small gift or Animal sacrifices to their Roman The exact dates of the stages in this development cannot be fixed. Strangely, few inscriptions of any length have been found at Petra, perhaps because they have perished with the stucco or cement which was used upon many of the buildings. The simple pylon-tombs which belong to the pre-Hellenic age serve as evidence for the earliest period. It is not known how far back in this stage the Nabataean settlement goes, but it does not go back farther than the 6th century BC. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC.

A period follows in which the dominant civilization combines Greek, Egyptian and Syrian elements, clearly pointing to the age of the Ptolemies. The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family Towards the close of the 2nd century BC, when the Ptolemaic and Seleucid kingdoms were equally depressed, the Nabataean kingdom came to the front. The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i Under Aretas III Philhellene, (c. 85–60 BC), the royal coins begin. Year 85 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome First Mithridatic War — Lucius Cornelius Year 60 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Gaius Julius Caesar suppressed an uprising and The theatre was probably excavated at that time, and Petra must have assumed the aspect of a Hellenistic city. The Hellenistic period of European history was the period between the death of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon in 323 BC and the annexation In the reign of Aretas IV Philopatris, (9 BC–AD 40), the fine tombs of the el-I~ejr [?] type may be dated, and perhaps also the great High-place. Aretas IV Philopatris was the King of the Nabataeans from roughly 9 BC to AD 40 Year 9 BC was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 40 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar.

Roman rule

In 106, when Cornelius Palma was governor of Syria, that part of Arabia under the rule of Petra was absorbed into the Roman Empire as part of Arabia Petraea, becoming capital. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial For the Achaemenid satrapy of Arabia see Arabia (satrapy Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier The native dynasty came to an end. But the city continued to flourish. A century later, in the time of Alexander Severus, when the city was at the height of its splendor, the issue of coinage comes to an end. Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander, commonly called Alexander Severus, (October 1 208 &ndash March 18, 235) was the last Roman emperor There is no more building of sumptuous tombs, owing apparently to some sudden catastrophe, such as an invasion by the neo-Persian power under the Sassanid Empire. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire Meanwhile, as Palmyra (fl. Palmyra ( Arabic: تدمر Tadmor) was in ancient times an important city of central Syria, located in an Oasis 215 km northeast of Damascus 130–270) grew in importance and attracted the Arabian trade away from Petra, the latter declined. Events By Place Roman Empire Quintillus briefly holds power over the Roman Empire and is succeeded by Aurelian. It seems, however, to have lingered on as a religious centre. Epiphanius of Salamis (c. Epiphanius (ca 310&ndash320 &ndash 403 was bishop of Salamis and metropolitan of Cyprus at the end of the 4th century AD 315–403) writes that in his time a feast was held there on December 25 in honor of the virgin Chaabou and her offspring Dushara (Haer. Events By Place Roman Empire Constantine and Licinius battle the Sarmates, the Goths and the Carpians For the cars see Peugeot 403 and Bristol 403. For the HTTP status code, see HTTP 403. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Đū Sharā ( Arabic,ذو شرى)"Lord of the Mountain" also known in Greek transliteration as ' Dusares', was a Deity in the ancient Middle 51).

Religion

The Nabataeans worshipped the Arab gods and goddesses of the pre-Islamic times as well as few of their deified kings. God, as a male Deity, contrasts with female deities or " goddesses " A goddess is a Female Deity. Many Cultures have goddesses Often deities are part of a polytheistic system that includes several deities The history of Pre- Islamic Arabia before the rise of Islam in the 630s is not known in great detail The most famous of these was Obodas I who was deified after his death. Dushara was the main male god accompanied by his female trinity: Uzza, Allat and Manah. Mentioned in the Qur'an ( Sura 53:19 al-‘Uzzá "the Mightiest One" or "the strong" (derived from the root ʕzz) was a pre- Mentioned in the Qur'an ( Sura 53:20 al-Lāt (Arabic اللَّات was a pre- Islamic Arabian Goddess who was one of the three Many statues carved in the rock depict these gods and goddesses.

The Monastery, Petra's largest monument, dates from the first century BC. It was dedicated to Obodas I and is believed to be the symposium of Obodas the god. This information is inscribed on the ruins of the Monastery (the name is the translation of the Arabic "Ad-Deir").

Christianity found its way into Petra in the 4th century AD, nearly 500 years after the establishment of Petra as a trade center. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Athanasius mentions a bishop of Petra (Anhioch. 10) named Asterius. At least one of the tombs (the "tomb with the urn"?) was used as a church. An inscription in red paint records its consecration "in the time of the most holy bishop Jason" (447). Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Battle of the Utus: Attila the Hun meets the Romans in an indecisive battle The Christianity of Petra, as of north Arabia, was swept away by the Islamic conquest of 629–632. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Events By Place Persian and Byzantine Empires September - Jerusalem is reconquered by the Byzantine Empire from Events By Place Europe Khan Kubrat starts to rule in Great Bulgaria. During the First Crusade Petra was occupied by Baldwin I of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and formed the second fief of the barony of Al Karak (in the lordship of Oultrejordain) with the title Château de la Valée de Moyse or Sela. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing Baldwin I of Jerusalem, formerly Baldwin I of Edessa, born Baldwin of Boulogne (French Baudouin de Boulogne 1058? - April 2, 1118, was This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing A barony is an Administrative division of a country usually of lower rank and importance than a County. Karak (also Kerak) (Al-Kerak الكرك is a city in Jordan that contains a famous Crusader castle Oultrejordain or Oultrejourdain ( Old French for "beyond the Jordan" was the name used during the Crusades for an extensive and partly undefined It remained in the hands of the Franks until 1189. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group It is still a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. A titular see in the Roman Catholic Church is a Diocese or Archdiocese that now exists in title only ^[10]

According to Arab tradition, Petra is the spot where Moses struck a rock with his staff and water came forth, and where Moses' sister, Miriam, is buried. Moses ( Latin: Moyses,; Greek: grc Mωυσής in both the Septuagint and the New Testament; Arabic: ar موسىٰ Miriam ( but it might be derived originally from an Egyptian name myr "beloved" or mr "Love" or even Meryamun "beloved of Amun" ^[11]

Decline

Petra declined rapidly under Roman rule, in large part due to the revision of sea-based trade routes. In 363 an earthquake destroyed many buildings, and crippled the vital water management system. Events By Place Roman Empire March 5 — Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 against the ^[12] The ruins of Petra were an object of curiosity in the Middle Ages and were visited by the Sultan Baibars of Egypt towards the close of the 13th century. Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings Baibars, or al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari ( Arabic ar الملك‭ ‬الظاهر‭ ‬ركن‭ ‬الدين‭ ‬بيبرس‭ ‬البندقداري The first European to describe them was Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812. Johann Ludwig (aka John Lewis, Jean Louis) Burckhardt ( November 24, 1784 - October 15, 1817) Swiss

Because the structures weakened with age, many of the tombs became vulnerable to thieves, and many treasures were stolen and remain unknown.

Petra Today

On December 6, 1985 Petra was designated a World Heritage Site. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

In 2006 a team of architects began designing a "Visitor Centre," and Jordan's tourist revenue is expected to increase dramatically with the attraction of visitors on package holidays. A package holiday or package tour consists of Transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a Tour operator. The Jordan Times reported in December 2006 that 59,000 people visited in the two months October and November 2006, 25% fewer than the same period in the previous year, which may suggest that the flow of visitors may be affected by perception of political instability or travel safety considerations. The Jordan Times is an English daily newspaper in Amman, Jordan. ^[13]

On July 7, 2007, Petra was named one of New Open World Corporation's New Seven Wonders of the World. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Seven Wonders of the World is a project that attempts to revive the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World concept with a list of modern wonders

Media Appearances

The picturesque site is a popular sight and featured in various works of art such as the movies Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Passion in the Desert, Mortal Kombat: Annihilation, Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger, and the Sisters of Mercy music video "Dominion". Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 Adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg from a story co-written by Executive producer Passion in the Desert, or Simoom A Passion in the Desert, is a film based on a Short story by Honoré de Balzac titled A Passion in Mortal Kombat Annihilation is a 1997 film that was the sequel to Mortal Kombat. Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger is a 1977 Fantasy film, the final installment of Ray Harryhausen 's "Sinbad trilogy" (the others The Sisters of Mercy are an English Gothic rock band that formed in 1980 It was recreated for the video game Spy Hunter and appeared in the novels "Left Behind", "Appointment with Death", "The Eagle in the Sand" and "The Red Sea Sharks", in The Adventures of Tintin. Spy Hunter is an Enhanced remake of the 1983 arcade game of the same name for the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, Xbox Left Behind A Novel of the Earth's Last Days is a best-selling novel by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B Appointment with Death is a work of Detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on May The Eagle Series is a military fiction series written by Simon Scarrow. The Red Sea Sharks is the nineteenth of The Adventures of Tintin, a series of classic comic-strip albums written and illustrated by Hergé The Adventures of Tintin (Les Aventures de Tintin is a series of Comic strips created by Belgian artist Hergé, the pen name of Georges Remi

External links

• Information on Petra on the Jordan Tourism Board
• Historic film of Petra, circa 1966
• the ancient magic of the lost city
• Petra Pictures

Photo Gallery

The "Treasury"

Particular of the "Treasury"

View of the monastery

Media

See also

• Al Khazneh
• Rock cut architecture
• Siq
• Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

Notes

References

• Bedal, Leigh-Ann. 2004. The Petra Pool-Complex: A Hellenistic Paradeisos in the Nabataean Capital. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. ISBN 1–59333–120–7.
• Rosemary Harty, "The Bedouin Tribes of Petra Photographs: 1986–2003" : [2]
• Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation where Petra is referred to as the Kingdom the mitchells.
• Reid, Sara Karz. 2006. The Small Temple. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. ISBN 1–59333–339–0. Reid explores the nature of the small temple at Petra and concludes it is from the Roman era.

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