| City of Peterborough | |
|---|---|
 Shown within England |
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| Geography | |
| Status | Unitary, City (1541)[1] |
| Government Region | East of England[2] |
| Ceremonial County | Cambridgeshire |
| Historic County | Northamptonshire |
| Area Total (2006 est. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one The East of England is one of the nine official Regions of England. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Northamptonshire (or archaically the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants Surface area is the measure of how much exposed Area an object has ) |
Ranked 140th 343. This is a list of Districts of England ordered by area. The areas given are calculated from the Output Areas created for Census 2001 and made available 38 km² |
| OS grid reference | TL185998 |
| ONS code | 00JA |
| Demographics | |
| Population Total (2006 est. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology ) Density |
Ranked 94th 163,300 476 / km² |
| Ethnicity | 87. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different The figures are mid-year estimates for 2007 from the Office for National Statistics. 7% White 7. 6% Asian or Asian British 2. 0% Black or Black British 1. 0% Chinese or Other 1. 7% Mixed Race[3] |
 Peterborough City Council[4] |
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| Leadership | Leader and Cabinet |
| Control | Conservative |
| Members of Parliament | Stewart Jackson and Shailesh Vara |
Peterborough (pronounced /ˈpiːtəˌbərə/ listen ) is a cathedral city and unitary authority area in the East of England, with a projected population of 161,800 as of 2007. The pattern of local government in England is complex with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements The United Kingdom has five distinct types of Elections UK general elections elections to national/regional parliaments and assemblies elections to the European Parliament The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons Stewart James Jackson (born 31 January 1965) is a British Politician. Shailesh Lakhman Vara (born 4 September 1960 is a British Conservative Party politician See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The East of England is one of the nine official Regions of England. [5] For ceremonial purposes it is in the county of Cambridgeshire. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies The counties of England are territorial divisions of England for the purposes of administrative political and geographical demarcation History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate The Town Hall is 75 miles (121 km) north of London at Charing Cross. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Charing Cross is located at the junction of the Strand, Whitehall and Cockspur Street in Central London, England. The city is situated on the River Nene, which flows into the North Sea approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The River Nene is a River in the east of England that rises from three sources in the English County of Northamptonshire. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The local topography is notoriously flat and low-lying, and in some places lies below sea level. The area known as the Fens falls to the east of Peterborough. The Fens, also known as the Fenland, is a geographic area in eastern England, in the United Kingdom. The City of Peterborough includes the outlying settlement at RAF Wittering, and as a unitary authority borders Northamptonshire and Rutland to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and Cambridgeshire to the south and east. RAF Wittering is a Royal Air Force station near Stamford, Lincolnshire. Northamptonshire (or archaically the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants Rutland is a county of mainland England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire, and southeast by Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England.
Human settlement in the area dates back to before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Flag Fen (Coordinates) near Peterborough, England is a Bronze Age site probably religious This site also shows evidence of Roman occupation. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Saxon period saw the establishment of an abbey, which later became Peterborough Cathedral. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or Peterborough Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of St Peter St Paul and St Andrew, is the seat of the Bishop of Peterborough, is dedicated to Saint Peter The population grew rapidly following the arrival of the railways in the nineteenth century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly noted for its brick manufacture. Following the Second World War, growth was limited until designation as a New Town in the 1960s. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Below is a list of some of the new towns in the United Kingdom created under the various New Town Acts of the 20th century The population is once again undergoing rapid expansion and a £1 billion regeneration of the city centre and immediately surrounding area is underway. In common with much of the United Kingdom, industrial employment has fallen, with new jobs tending to be in financial services and distribution. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Contents |
History
Early history
Present-day Peterborough is merely the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from the site where the Nene leaves permanently drained land for the Fens. Remains of Bronze Age settlement and what is thought to be religious activity can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the city centre. The Romans established the fortified garrison town of Durobrivae on Ermine Street to the west of the current city around AD 43. Durobrivae was a Roman fortified garrison town located at Water Newton in the English county of Cambridgeshire, where Ermine Street Ermine Street should not be confused with Ermin Street, the road from Silchester to Gloucester. This was first mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary of the late second century. The Antonine Itinerary (in Latin: Antonini Itinerarium) is a register of the stations and distances along the various roads of the Roman empire, containing [6]
Peterborough (Gildenburgh, Burgus sancti Petri) is shown by its original name Medeshamstede to have been a Saxon village before AD 655 when Saxwulf, a monk, founded the monastery on land granted to him for that purpose by Peada, King of Mercia. Medeshamstede (miːdsˈhæmstɛd was the name of Peterborough in the Anglo-Saxon period Peada (died 656 a son of Penda, was briefly King of southern Mercia after his father's death in November 655 until his own death in the spring of the Mercia (ˈmɝsiə was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. The Peterborough Chronicle, or later Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which contains unique information about the history of England after the Norman Conquest, was composed here by monks. The Peterborough Chronicle (also called the Laud Manuscript) one of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles ' contains unique information about the The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of Annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The history of England is similar to the history of Britain until the arrival of the Saxons [7] According to some philologists, this is the only prose history in English between the conquest and the later fourteenth century. See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" [8] The town's name was altered to Burgh between AD 992 and 1005 after Abbot Kenulf had built a defensive wall around the minster; but it does not appear to have been a borough until the twelfth century. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice The burgesses received their first charter from "Abbot Robert" — probably Robert of Sutton (1262–1273). [9]
When civil war broke out, Peterborough was divided between supporters of King Charles I (known as Cavaliers) and supporters of the Long Parliament (known as Roundheads). A Cathedral is a church, usually Roman Catholic, Anglican, or Eastern Orthodox, housing the seat of a Bishop. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 The Long Parliament is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, on 3 November 1640, following the Bishops' Wars. " Roundheads " was the Nickname given to the Puritan supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War. The city lay on the border of the Eastern Association of counties which sided with Parliament, and the war reached Peterborough in 1643 when soldiers arrived in the city to attack Royalist strongholds at Stamford and Crowland. The Eastern Association of counties was a Parliamentarian or ' Roundhead ' army during the English Civil War. Stamford is located 100 miles north of London just off the A1 which was the old Great North Road leading to York and Edinburgh. Crowland (modern usage or Croyland (medieval era name and the one still in ecclesiastical use is a small town in south Lincolnshire, England, positioned The Royalist forces were defeated within a few weeks and retreated to Burghley House, where they were captured and sent to Cambridge. Burghley House is a grand 16th-century English Country house near the town of Stamford in Lincolnshire, England. The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England [10] While the Parliamentary soldiers were in Peterborough, however, they ransacked the cathedral, destroying the Lady Chapel, chapter house, cloister, high altar and choir stalls, as well as mediaeval decoration and records. A Lady chapel is a traditional English term for a Chapel inside a Cathedral or large church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. A chapter house is a building or room attached to a Cathedral or Collegiate church in which meetings are held A cloister (from Latin claustrum) is a part of Cathedral, Monastic and Abbey architecture [11]
Historically the dean and chapter, who succeeded the abbot as lords of the manor, appointed a high bailiff, and the constables and other borough officers were elected at their court leet; but the municipal borough was incorporated in 1874 under the government of a mayor, six aldermen and eighteen councillors. A dean, in a church context is a Cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy Chapter ( Latin capitulum) designates certain corporate ecclesiastical bodies in the Roman Catholic, Anglican and Nordic Lutheran The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity. This article is about the medieval system "Manors" redirects here Bailiff (from Late Latin baiulivus, Adjectival form of baiulus) is a Governor or Custodian (cf A constable is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement. The court leet was a historical court in England and Wales. At a very early time in medieval England the Lord of the Manor exercised or claimed certain Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 reformed 178 existing boroughs A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions A councillor or councilor ( Cllr, Coun, Clr or Cr for short is a member of a Local government council such as a [12] Among the privileges claimed by the abbot as early as the thirteenth century was that of having a prison for felons taken in the Soke. The Soke of Peterborough is an historic area of England that is traditionally associated with the City and Diocese of Peterborough, but considered In 1576 Bishop Scambler sold the lordship of the hundred of Nassaburgh, which was coextensive with the Soke, to Queen Elizabeth I, who gave it to Lord Burghley, and from that time until the nineteenth century he and his descendants, the Earls and Marquesses of Exeter, had a separate gaol for prisoners arrested in the Soke. Paramount (derived from the Anglo-French word paramont, which means up above, or par a mont, meaning up or on top of the mountain) Lord Burghley redirects here For other holders of the title see Baron Burghley William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley (13 September 1520 &ndash Marquess of Exeter is a title that has been created twice once in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. [9] The abbot formerly held four fairs, of which two, St. A fair is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or other goods to parade or display animals and often to enjoy associated Carnival or Funfair entertainment Peter's Fair, granted in 1189 and later held on the second Tuesday and Wednesday in July, and the Brigge Fair, granted in 1439 and later held on the first Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday in October, were purchased by the corporation from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners in 1876. A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns Ecclesiastical Commissioners were in England and Wales, a body corporate whose full title is Ecclesiastical and Church Estates Commissioners for England. The Bridge Fair, as it is now known, granted to the abbey by King Henry VI, survives. Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom [13] Prayers for the opening of the fair were once said at the morning service in the cathedral, followed by a civic proclamation and a sausage lunch at the Town Hall which still takes place. The Mayor traditionally leads a procession from the Town Hall to the fair where the proclamation is read, asking all persons to "behave soberly and civilly, and to pay their just dues and demands according to the laws of the realm and the rights of the City of Peterborough. "[14]
Modern history
Railway lines began operating locally during the 1840s, but it was the 1850 opening of the Great Northern Railway's main line from London to York, that transformed Peterborough from a market town to an industrial centre. The Great Northern Railway (GNR was a British railway company established by the London & York Railway Act of 1846 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. Lord Exeter had opposed the railway passing through Stamford, so Peterborough, situated between two main terminals at London and Doncaster, increasingly developed as a regional hub. Brownlow Cecil 2nd Marquess of Exeter KG PC ( July 2 1795 &ndash January 16 1867) known as Lord Burghley from Stamford is located 100 miles north of London just off the A1 which was the old Great North Road leading to York and Edinburgh. Doncaster is a large town in South Yorkshire, England and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. [15]
Coupled with vast local clay deposits, the railway enabled large scale brick making and distribution to take place. The area was the UK's leading producer of bricks for much of the twentieth century. Brick making had been a small seasonal craft since the early nineteenth century, but during the 1890s successful experiments at Fletton using the harder clays from a lower level had resulted in a much more efficient process. [16] The dominance of London Brick in the market during this period gave rise to some of the country's most well known landmarks, all built using the ubiquitous Fletton. [17] Perkins Engines was established in Peterborough in 1932 by Frank Perkins, creator of the Perkins Diesel Engine. Perkins Engines, a subsidiary of Caterpillar Inc is a Diesel engine manufacturer for several markets including marine and stationary Power plant Frank Perkins ( 20 February 1889 – 15 October 1967) was a British Engineer, Businessman Thirty years later it employed more than a tenth of the population of Peterborough, mainly at Eastfield. Eastfield is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. [18] Baker Perkins had relocated from London to Westwood, now the site of HMP Peterborough, in 1903, followed by Peter Brotherhood to Walton in 1906; both manufacturers of industrial machinery they too became major employers in the city. HMP Peterborough is a local category B prison situated on the site of the former Baker Perkins engineering works Walton is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. [19] British Sugar remains headquartered in Woodston, although the sugar beet factory, which opened there in 1926, was closed in 1991. British Sugar plc is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods and the sole British producer of Sugar from Sugar beet. Woodston is a largely residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L a member of the Chenopodiaceae family is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of Sucrose. [20]
Designated a New Town in 1967, Peterborough Development Corporation was formed in partnership with the city and county councils to house London's overspill population in new townships sited around the existing urban area. Below is a list of some of the new towns in the United Kingdom created under the various New Town Acts of the 20th century The Peterborough Development Corporation was established in February 1968 as a national government initiative following the city's designation as a third-wave New Town London overspill is the term given to the communities created - largely consisting of Council houses - as a result of the policy of moving residents out of Greater London [21] There were to be four townships: at Bretton, Orton, Paston/Werrington and Castor. Bretton is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Orton is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Paston is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Werrington is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Castor is a village in the Soke of Peterborough in England. Formerly in Northamptonshire, it is now in Cambridgeshire but is administered The last of these was never built, but a fourth township, called Hampton, is now taking shape south of the city. Hampton is a newly developing township in Peterborough, England. It was decided that the city should have a major indoor shopping centre at its heart. Planning permission was received in the late summer of 1976 and Queensgate, which contains over 90 stores and includes parking for 2,300 cars, was opened by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands in 1982. Queensgate shopping centre in the United Kingdom, is situated in Peterborough 's city centre in Cambridgeshire. 34 miles (55 km) of urban roads were planned and a network of high-speed roads, known as parkways, was constructed. [22]
Peterborough's population grew by 45. 4% between 1971 and 1991. New service-sector companies like Thomas Cook and Pearl Assurance were also attracted to the city, ending the dominance of the manufacturing industry as employers. Thomas Cook ( 22 November 1808 &ndash 18 July 1892) of Melbourne Derbyshire, founded the travel agency that is now Thomas Cook An urban regeneration company named Opportunity Peterborough, under the chairmanship of Lord Mawhinney, was set up by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in 2005 to oversee Peterborough's future development. Urban Regeneration Companies are private companies in the United Kingdom that seek to achieve a radical physical transformation of their areas through masterplanning and co-ordinating financial Opportunity Peterborough is an Urban Regeneration Company in the United Kingdom, established in April 2005 to manage the billion pound transformation of Peterborough The Department for Communities and Local Government (branded as Communities and Local Government) is the United Kingdom government department for communities [23] Between 2006 and 2012 a £1 billion re-development of the city centre and surrounding areas is planned. The master plan provides guidelines on the physical shaping of the city centre over the next 15–20 years. Proposals are already progressing for the north of Westgate, the south bank and the station quarter, where Network Rail is preparing a major mixed use development. Network Rail is a British "not for dividend" Company limited by guarantee whose principal asset is Network Rail Infrastructure Limited a company limited [24] Whilst recognising that the reconfiguration of the relationship between the city and station was critical, English Heritage found the current plans for Westgate unconvincing and felt more thought should be given to the vitality of the historic core. English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of [25]
Administration
Politics
The city formed a parliamentary borough returning two members from 1541, with the rest of the Soke being part of Northamptonshire parliamentary county. Parliamentary boroughs are a type of administrative division usually covering urban areas that are entitled to representation in a Parliament. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Northamptonshire (or archaically the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants The Great Reform Act did not affect the borough, although the remaining, rural portion of the Soke was transferred to the northern division of Northamptonshire. The Representation of the People Act 1832, commonly known as the Reform Act 1832, was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system [26] In 1885 the borough's representation was reduced to one member,[27] and in 1918 the boundaries were adjusted to include the whole Soke. [28] The serving member for Peterborough is the Conservative, Stewart Jackson MP, who defeated Labour's Helen Clark in the 2005 general election. Peterborough is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, formally styled The Honourable the The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Stewart James Jackson (born 31 January 1965) is a British Politician. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Early life She went to Spondon Park Grammar School (became Spondon School in 1974 when merged with Spondon House School and became Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general In 1997 the North West Cambridgeshire constituency was formed, incorporating parts of the city and neighbouring Huntingdonshire. North West Cambridgeshire is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The serving member is the Conservative, Shailesh Vara MP, who succeeded the (then) Rt Hon Dr. Sir Brian Mawhinney, former Secretary of State for Transport and Chairman of the Conservative Party, in 2005. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Shailesh Lakhman Vara (born 4 September 1960 is a British Conservative Party politician Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. The rank of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. Brian Stanley Mawhinney Baron Mawhinney PC (born 26 July 1940 is a British Conservative Party politician The Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport. In the United Kingdom, the Chairman of the Conservative Party is responsible for running the party machine overseeing Conservative Central Office. Mawhinney, who had previously served as Member of Parliament for Peterborough from 1979, was created Baron Mawhinney of Peterborough in the county of Cambridgeshire later that year. In the United Kingdom, life peers are created members of the Peerage whose titles may not be inherited (those whose titles are inheritable are known as Hereditary Peterborough and North West Cambridgeshire are included in the East of England constituency for elections to the European Parliament. East of England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU It currently elects seven members using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation. A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. The D'Hondt method (mathematically but not operationally equivalent to Jefferson's method, and Bader-Ofer method) is a Highest averages method for Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of Voting systems used in multiple-winner Elections (e Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes
Local government
From 1889 the ancient Soke of Peterborough formed an administrative county in its own right with boundaries similar, although not identical, to the current unitary authority. The Soke of Peterborough is an historic area of England that is traditionally associated with the City and Diocese of Peterborough, but considered Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974 [29] The area however remained geographically part of Northamptonshire until 1965, when the Soke of Peterborough was merged with Huntingdonshire to form the county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Northamptonshire (or archaically the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants History The earliest English settlers in the district were the Gyrwas, an East Anglian tribe who early in the 6th century worked their way up the Ouse and the Cam Huntingdon and Peterborough was a short-lived Administrative county in East Anglia in the United Kingdom. [30] Following a review of local government in 1974, Huntingdon and Peterborough was abolished and the current district created by the merger of the Municipal Borough of Peterborough with Peterborough Rural District, Barnack Rural District, Thorney Rural District, Old Fletton Urban District and part of the Norman Cross Rural District, which had each existed since 1894. Local government in the United Kingdom is arranged into four different systems with one each for England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Peterborough was a Rural district adjoining the city and Municipal borough of Peterborough from 1894 to 1974 Rural districts were a type of Local government area &ndash now superseded &ndash established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and Barnack was a Rural district in the Soke of Peterborough and later Huntingdon and Peterborough from 1894 to 1974 Thorney was a Rural district in England from 1894 to 1974 situated to the east of Peterborough. Old Fletton was an Urban district in the county of Huntingdonshire and then (from 1965 Huntingdon and Peterborough. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area Norman Cross was a Rural district in Huntingdonshire from 1894 to 1974 [31] This became part of the non-metropolitan county of Cambridgeshire. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate [32] Letters patent were granted which continued the style of the city over the greater area. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right [33] In 1998 the city became autonomous of Cambridgeshire county council as a unitary authority, but it continues to form part of that county for ceremonial purposes. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The counties of England are territorial divisions of England for the purposes of administrative political and geographical demarcation The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies [34] The leader and cabinet model of decision-making, first adopted by the city council in 2001, is similar to national government. A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at [35]
Policing in the city remains the responsibility of Cambridgeshire Constabulary; and firefighting, the responsibility of Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service. Law enforcement in the United Kingdom is organised separately in Scotland, Northern Ireland, England and Wales (administration of Police matters Cambridgeshire Constabulary is the Home Office Police force in England responsible for policing the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service for the non-metropolitan county of Cambridgeshire and the Nowadays the Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade, one of few of its kind, effectively functions as a retained fire station. [36] The Royal Anglian Regiment serves as the county regiment for Cambridgeshire. The Royal Anglian Regiment (R ANGLIAN is an Infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Queen's Division. Peterborough formed its first territorial army unit, the 6th Northamptonshire Rifle Volunteer Corps, in 1860. [37]
Health service
Peterborough Primary Care Trust guides primary care services (general practitioners, dentists, opticians and pharmacists) in the city, directly provides adult social care and services in the community such as health visiting and physiotherapy and also funds hospital care and other specialist treatments. A Primary Care Trust (PCT is a type of NHS Trust, part of the National Health Service in England, that provides some primary and community services or Health visitors are UK registered Nurses or midwives who have undertaken further training to work as part of the Primary health care team Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust is one of the country's top performing NHS acute trusts. NHS Foundation Trusts (often referred to as "foundation hospitals" are hospitals which are part of the National Health Service in England. [38] In 2004 it became one of the first ten NHS foundation trusts in England. The National Health Service is the name commonly used to refer to the four Publicly-funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom collectively or individually (although A £300 million health investment plan will see the transfer of the city's two hospitals to a single site by building a modern, flexible facility more suited to modern healthcare. The full planning application for the redevelopment of the Edith Cavell Hospital was approved by the council in 2006. The Edith Cavell Hospital in the United Kingdom, opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second on 20 May 1988 is situated on a Green field site in Planning permission for the development of an integrated care centre on the existing site of the Fenland Wing at Peterborough District Hospital was granted in 2003. [39] Following merger of the Cambridgeshire, then East Anglian Ambulance Services, the East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust is responsible for the provision of statutory emergency medical services in Peterborough. The East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust is the authority responsible for providing NHS Ambulance services in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom, to provide immediate care to people with acute illness or injury are predominantly provided through a system of regional government
Public utilities
The council's budget for the financial year 2008/9 is £236. 9 million. [40] The main source of non-school funding is the formula grant, which is paid by government to local authorities based on the services they provide. The remainder, to which the police and fire authorities (and parish council where this exists) set a precept, is raised from council tax and business rates. A police authority in the United Kingdom, is a body charged with securing efficient and effective Policing of an area served by a Territorial police force In the United Kingdom a fire authority or fire and rescue authority is a statutory body made up of a committee of local councillors which oversees the policy and service Council Tax is the system of local Taxation used in England, Scotland and Wales to part fund the services provided by local government in each Business rates is the commonly used name of non-domestic rates, a Tax on the occupation of non-domestic property Mains water and sewerage services are provided by Anglian Water, a former nationalised industry and natural monopoly, privatised in 1989 and regulated by OFWAT. Anglian Water is a privatised Water company that operates in the East of England. Public ownership (also called government ownership, state ownership or state property) refers to Government Ownership of any Natural monopoly is a term used in Economics to refer to two different things Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business The Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat is the body responsible for economic regulation of the privatised Water and sewerage industry in England and Wales
Following deregulation, the consumer has a choice of energy supplier. Electricity was formerly provided by Eastern Electricity, which was privatised in 1990. Eastern Electricity was an electricity supply and distribution utility serving eastern England, including East Anglia and part of Greater London. In 2002 the supply business was sold to Powergen and the distribution rights sold to EDF Energy. Electricity retailing is the final process in the delivery of Electricity from generation to the consumer EON UK is an energy company in the United Kingdom and a subsidiary of E Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of Electricity to end users EDF Energy is the trading name of EDF Energy Customers plc, an energy company that provides Gas and Electricity to homes throughout the United Natural gas was (and still is) supplied by British Gas, which was privatised in 1986. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Centrica plc ( is a large multinational utility company based in the United Kingdom but also with interests in North America and Europe. Distribution and, as with electricity, transmission, is the responsibility of the National Grid, having been demerged as Transco in 1997. Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of Electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power National Grid plc ( is an international London -based utilities company which also operates in other countries principally its wholly owned subsidiary in the United States These industries are regulated by OFGEM. The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets ( Ofgem) working for the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority ( GEMA) is the government regulator Peterborough Power Station is a 360 MWe gas-fired plant in Fengate operated by Centrica Energy. Peterborough Power Station is a 360MWe gas-fired power station at Eastern Industry Fengate in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Fengate is a predominantly industrial area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Centrica plc ( is a large multinational utility company based in the United Kingdom but also with interests in North America and Europe.
British Telecommunications, privatised in 1984, provides fixed ADSL enabled (8 Mbps) telephone lines. BT Group plc (formerly British Telecommunications plc) which trades as BT (ˌbiːˈtiː bee tee) (previously known as British Telecom and still Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ( ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over Copper Telephone The subscriber trunk dialling code for Peterborough is 01733, deriving from 73 for PE. Subscriber trunk dialling ( STD, also known as subscriber toll dialling) is a term for the UK Telephone system allowing subscribers to dial trunk All figure dialling refers to the change in the UK telephone numbering plan in 1966 when the three-digit numbers for local Telephone exchanges began to be Local loop unbundling, giving other internet service providers direct access, is completed at four out of 12 exchanges. Local loop unbundling ( LLU) is the regulatory process of allowing multiple Telecommunications operators use of connections from the Telephone exchange 's An Internet service provider ( ISP, also called Internet access provider or IAP) is a company which primarily offers their customers access to the Internet In the field of Telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls The city is cabled by Virgin Media. Virgin Media Inc (formerly known as ntlTelewest, after a merger of NTL Incorporated with Telewest Global Inc [41] These businesses are regulated by OFCOM. The Office of Communications (Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau or as it is more often known Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the Communication
Economy
Regeneration
Peterborough is currently experiencing an economic boom compared to the rest of the country, believed in part to be due to the regeneration plan running to 2012. In 2005 economic growth was on average 5. 5%, whilst in Peterborough it was 6. 9%, the highest in the UK. [42]
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added, an important measure in the estimation of gross domestic product, of Peterborough at current basic prices, with figures in millions of pounds sterling:[43]
| Year | Regional GVA[44] | Agriculture[45] | Industry[46] | Services[47] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 1,821 | 16 | 552 | 1,254 |
| 2000 | 2,387 | 12 | 580 | 1,795 |
| 2003 | 2,932 | 15 | 727 | 2,189 |
Recent figures, plotting growth from 1995 to 2004, reveal that Peterborough has become the most successful economy among unitary authorities in the East of England. Gross Value Added or GVA is a measure in Economics of the value of goods and services produced in an area or sector of an Economy. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency The chart also reveals that the city's economy is growing faster than the East of England average and any other economy in the region. [48] Peterborough leads the UK’s business population growth, with a 3. 78% increase between April and September 2006, according to Royal Mail's Business Barometer. Royal Mail is the national postal service of the United Kingdom. [49] It has a strong economy in the environmental goods and services sector and has the largest cluster of environmental businesses in the UK. [50] In 1994 Peterborough was designated one of four environment cities in the UK and it is now working to become the UK's acknowledged environment capital. [51]
Employment
According to the 2001 census, the workplace population of 90,656 is divided into 60,118 people who live in Peterborough and 30,358 people who commute in. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 A further 13,161 residents commute out of the city to work. [52] Earnings in Peterborough are lower than average. Median earnings are £9. In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution 77 per hour, less than the regional median of £11. 69 and the national median hourly rate of £11. 26. [53] As part of the government's M11 corridor, Peterborough is committed to creating 17,500 jobs with the population growing to 200,000 by 2020. The M11 Corridor is an area identified and denominated by the British government along the M11 motorway, which begins in East London and runs from [54]
Future employment will also be created through the plan for the city centre launched by the council in 2003. Predictions of the levels and types of employment created were published in 2005. [24] These include 1,421 jobs created in retail; 1,067 created in a variety of leisure and cultural developments; 338 in three hotels; and a further 4,847 jobs created in offices and other workspaces. Recent relocations of large employers include both Tesco (1,070 employees) and Debenhams (850 employees) distribution centres. Tesco plc is a British -based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain Debenhams plc ( is a British -based retailer operating under a Department Store format in the UK and franchise stores in other countries [55] A further 2,500 jobs are to be created in the £140 million Gateway warehouse and distribution park, this is expected to compensate for the 6,000 job losses as a result of the decline in manufacturing, anticipated in a report cited by the cabinet member for economic growth and regeneration in 2006. [56]
With traditionally low levels of unemployment, Peterborough is a popular destination for workers and has seen significant growth through migration since the post-war period. The leader of the council said he believed Peterborough had taken up to 80% of the 65,000 people who had arrived in East Anglia from the Baltic states. East Anglia is often used as a shorthand for the Kingdom of the East Angles. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the [57] To help cope with this influx the council has put forward plans to construct an average of 1,300 homes each year until 2021. [58] Demand for short term employees remains high and the market supports up to 20 high street recruitment agencies at any given time.
Transport
Peterborough is a major stop on the East Coast Main Line, 45–50 minutes journey time from central London, with high-speed intercity services from King's Cross to Edinburgh Waverley operated by National Express East Coast at around a 20 minute frequency and slower commuter services terminating at Peterborough operated by First Capital Connect. Peterborough railway station serves the city of Peterborough, England and lies on the East Coast Main Line (ECML The East Coast Main Line ( ECML) is the electrified high-speed railway link between London and Edinburgh connecting Yorkshire, North East King's Cross station is a major railway terminus opened in 1852 Edinburgh Waverley railway station, commonly referred to as just " Waverley " locally is the main Railway station in the Scottish capital National Express East Coast is the name under which the Train operating company NXEC Trains Ltd operates the InterCity East Coast rail franchise which First Capital Connect (FCC is a passenger train operating company in England that began operations on the National Rail network on 1 April 2006 It is a major railway junction where a number of cross-country routes converge. East Midlands Trains operate the Peterborough to Lincoln Line, with through services to Doncaster and a route from Liverpool Lime Street to Norwich or Cambridge via the main line north of Peterborough; CrossCountry Trains operate the Birmingham to Peterborough Line and with National Express East Anglia, the Ely to Peterborough Line, with through services to Norwich or Cambridge and Stansted Airport. East Midlands Trains ( EMT) is a train operating company operating in the United Kingdom. Liverpool Lime Street railway station on Lime Street is a mainline and underground Railway station serving the city centre of Liverpool, England History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund CrossCountry is a Train operating company, the brand name of XC Trains Limited owned by Arriva, that has operated Great Britain ’s Cross Country rail franchise The Birmingham to Peterborough Line is a cross-country railway line in the United Kingdom, linking the Midlands to East Anglia National Express East Anglia is a Train operating company and brand name of London Eastern Railway Ltd in the United Kingdom. London Stansted Airport is a passenger Airport located in the Uttlesford District of the English County of Essex about 38 miles (61 [59] Peterborough has a business airport with a paved runway at Holme and a recreational airfield hosting a parachute school at Sibson. Peterborough Business Airport is a privately-owned Airfield in the English county of Cambridgeshire near the villages of Holme and Conington Holme &ndash in Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire) England &ndash is a Village near Connington south of Yaxley Peterborough/Sibson Airport, also known as Sibson Aerodrome, is located 6 Nautical miles (11 Stibbington &ndash in the far north-west corner of Huntingdonshire District, Cambridgeshire, England &ndash is a Village which
The River Nene, made navigable from the port at Wisbech to Northampton by 1761,[60] passes through the city centre and a rather pretty green bridge carries the railway over the river. The River Nene is a River in the east of England that rises from three sources in the English County of Northamptonshire. Wisbech ('wɪzbiʧ is a market town and inland port with a population of about 20000 in the Fenland area of Cambridgeshire. This article is about Northampton in England for other places of the same name see Northampton (disambiguation Northampton ( is a large Market It was built in 1847 by Lewis Cubitt, who was more famous for his bridges in Australia, India and South America. Lewis Cubitt was born on 29 September 1799 and died on 9 June 1883. Apart from some minor repairs in 1910 (the steel bands and cross braces around the fluted legs) the bridge remains just the way he built it. Now a listed structure, it is the oldest surviving cast-iron railway bridge in the UK. [61] By the Town Bridge, the Customs House, built in the early eighteenth century, is a visible reminder of the city's past function as an inland port. [62] The Environment Agency navigation starts at the junction with the Northampton arm of the Grand Union Canal and extends for 91 miles (147 km) ending at Bevis Hall just upstream of Wisbech. The Environment Agency (Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd is a Non-Departmental Public Body of the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs and an Assembly The Grand Union Canal in England is part of the British canal system. The tidal limit used to be Woodston Wharf until the Dog-in-a-Doublet lock was built five miles (8 km) downstream in 1937. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal Waterways. [63]
The A1/A1(M) broadly follows the path of the historic Great North Road from St. Paul's Cathedral at the heart of London, through Peterborough (Junction 17), continuing north a further 335 miles (539 km) to central Edinburgh. St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. In 1899 the British Electric Traction Company sought permission for a tramway joining the northern suburbs with the city centre. British Electric Traction Company plc, renamed BET plc in 1985 was a large British industrial conglomerate. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The system, which operated under the name Peterborough Electric Traction Company, opened in 1903 and was abandoned in favour of motor buses in 1930, when the company was merged into the Eastern Counties Omnibus Company. First Eastern Counties is a major bus operator in Norfolk and Suffolk in eastern England. [64] Today, bus services in the city are operated by several companies including the Stagecoach Group (Cambus and Viscount) and Delaine Buses. Stagecoach Group plc ( is a leading international transport group operating Bus, Train, Tram, express coach and Ferry operations Delaine Buses is a bus operator based in Bourne Lincolnshire, England. Despite its large-scale growth, Peterborough has the fastest peak and off-peak travel times for a city of its size in the UK, due to the construction of the parkways. History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene The Local Transport Plan anticipates expenditure totalling around £180 million for the period up to 2010 on major road schemes to accommodate development. Local transport plans, divided into full local transport plans ( LTP) and local implementation plans for transport ( LIP) are an important [65]
The Peterborough Millennium Green Wheel is a 50 mile (80 km) network of cycleways, footpaths and bridleways which provide safe, continuous routes around the city with radiating spokes connecting to the city centre. The Peterborough Millennium Green Wheel is an 80km network of cycleways footpaths and bridleways The project has also created a sculpture trail, which provides functional, landscape artworks along the Green Wheel route and a Living Landmarks project involving the local community in the creation of local landscape features such as mini woodlands, ponds and hedgerows. [66] Another long distance footpath, the Hereward Way, runs from Oakham in Rutland, through Peterborough, to East Harling in Norfolk. Hereward Way is a long-distance footpath in England. The path takes its name from Hereward the Wake, the 11th century leader who fought against William Oakham is the County town of Rutland, England. It lies east from Leicester, and has a Rutland is a county of mainland England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire, and southeast by East Harling is a Village in the English county of Norfolk. The village forms the principal settlement in the civil parish of Harling, and is Norfolk (ˈnɔrfək is a low-lying county in East Anglia, England, United Kingdom.
Demographics
Ethnicity
Peterborough is home to one of the largest concentrations of Italian immigrants in the UK. A market cross is a structure used to mark a Market square in Market towns originally from Western European Architecture. The term Italian Diaspora refers to the large-scale migration of Italians away from Italy in the period roughly between the unification of Italy in 1861 and the beginning of This is mainly as a result of labour recruitment in the 1950s by the London Brick Company in the southern Italian regions of Puglia and Campania. Workforce (Voyager episode The workforce is the labour pool in Employment. The London Brick Company is a leading British Brickmaker. It is owned by Hanson plc. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Apulia ( Italian: Puglia) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east the Ionian Sea Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 By 1960 approximately 3,000 Italian men were employed by London Brick, mostly at the Fletton works. [67] In 1962 the Scalabrini Fathers, who first arrived in 1956, purchased an old school and converted it into a church named after the patron saint of workers San Giuseppe. The Missionaries of St Charles Borromeo or Scalabrinian Missionaries are a Roman Catholic religious order of brothers and priests founded by Giovanni Battista The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Joseph "of the House of David " ( Hebrew יוֹסֵף also known as Saint Joseph, Joseph the Betrothed, Joseph of Nazareth By 1991 over 3,000 christenings of second-generation Italians had been carried out there. In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Italian Britons also known as Britalians, are British citizens whose ancestry originates in Italy. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging [68] The population of Peterborough has grown much faster than the national average over the last few years, mainly as a result of immigration. In the late twentieth century the main source of immigration has been from Commonwealth countries such as India and Pakistan. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and A more recent issue is that an unknown number of eastern Europeans from accession states have moved to Peterborough since 2004. Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. This may mean that the population figures, based on the 2001 census, are an underestimate. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 [69] The East of England Regional Assembly estimate that 16,000 eastern Europeans are now living in the city, one in ten of the population. The East of England Regional Assembly is the regional assembly for the East of England region of the United Kingdom. [70] Modern Peterborough is a rapidly developing city and one that continues to change. The change has not been without problems however. In May 2004 groups of Pakistani residents clashed with Afghan and Iraqi asylum seekers. The Demographics of Afghanistan are ethnically and linguistically mixed For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race In the "running street battles," houses and cars were set alight and windows were smashed. Some people were hospitalised. The fighting occurred in the multicultural Millfield area of the city. Millfield is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. [71] In July of that year, a festival set up by the Indian community to celebrate the city's diversity turned violent. Pakistanis and Iraqis clashed over the weekend, leaving a man in hospital and large gangs fighting. [72] Since then, race relations have improved significantly.
East Anglia is the leading destination for new migrants and half of the 83,000 who have registered to work in the region have settled in Cambridgeshire. According to a report published by the police in 2007 "the hidden scale of migration into the county is demonstrated by the different number of languages officers and staff deal with, which now exceeds 100. Translation costs linked to dealing with incidents and crime are close to £1 million a year. Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation " The report says the migrant communities have led to a change in the nature of crime in the county, with an increase in drink-driving offences, knife crime and an international dimension added to activities such as running cannabis factories and human trafficking. Driving under the influence of alcohol ( driving while intoxicated, drunk driving, drinking and driving, drink-driving) or other drugs Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp Human trafficking is the recruitment transportation harbouring or receipt of people for the purposes of slavery forced labor (including bonded labor or debt bondage and servitude The number of foreign nationals arrested in the north of the county rose from 894 in 2003 to 2,435 in 2006, but the report also says "inappropriately negative" community perceptions about migrant workers often complicate routine incidents, raising tensions and turning them "critical;" the fact that many new migrants are crowded into privately rented accommodation, often in multiple occupation, is a potentially destabilising factor in many communities, raising problems of noise, parking, waste disposal, petty robbery, household disputes and assaults against women in mixed houses. Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life Robbery is the Crime of seizing Property through Violence or Intimidation. Assault is a Crime of Violence against another person. In some Jurisdictions including Australia and New Zealand, [73] Julie Spence OBE, the Chief Constable, was careful to add there was "little evidence that the increased numbers of migrant workers have caused significant or systematic problems in respect of community safety or cohesion. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. Chief Constable is the title given to the Chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except the two responsible for Greater " She also emphasised that the dramatic change in the county's profile — from a rural county in which four years ago 95% of teenagers were white to one of the country's major ethnically mixed growth points — has had a positive impact in development and jobs. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. Cambridgeshire's population is one of the fastest growing in Britain and is projected to rise by a further 12. 5% or 94,000 by 2016, mostly fulled by 69,000 eastern European migrants. [74] On 11 March 2008, the BBC broadcast The Poles are Coming!, a controversial documentary by award-winning filmmaker Tim Samuels, as part of its White Season. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Tim Samuels (born 3 October 1975) is an award-winning British documentary filmmaker and television presenter [75]
The number of languages in use is growing and diversity is spreading where previously few languages other than English were spoken. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Peterborough now offers classes in Italian, Urdu and Punjabi in its primary schools. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi [76] As the city expands the council has introduced a new statutory development plan. [77] Its aim is to accommodate an additional 22,000 homes, 18,000 jobs and over 40,000 people living in Peterborough by 2020. The newly developing Hampton township will be completed, there will be a 1,500 home development at Stanground and a further 1,200 home development at Paston. Hampton is a newly developing township in Peterborough, England. Stanground is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Paston is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom.
Religion
Christianity has the largest following in Peterborough, in particular the Church of England, with a significant number of parish churches and a cathedral. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Recent immigration to the city has also seen the established Roman Catholic population increase substantially. [78] Other denominations are also in evidence; the latest church to be constructed is a £7 million "superchurch" which can seat up to 1,800 worshippers. Denominationalism|List of Christian denominations|Church (disambiguation A Christian denomination is an identifiable religious body under a common name structure and doctrine within [79] In comparison with the rest of the country, Peterborough has a lower proportion of Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Jews and Sikhs. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. However, the city has a higher percentage of Muslims and people with no religion than the national average. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion [80] The majority of Muslims reside in the Millfield and New England areas of the city, where two large mosques (including the Faidhan-e-Madina Mosque) are based. Millfield is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. New England is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. The Faidhan-e-Madina Mosque is situated on Gladstone Street in New England, Peterborough, England. Peterborough also has both Hindu (Bharat Hindu Samaj) and Sikh (Singh Sabha Gurdwara) temples in these areas.
The Anglican Diocese of Peterborough covers roughly 1,200 square miles (3,100 km²), including the whole of Northamptonshire, Rutland, and the Soke of Peterborough (the area to the north of the River Nene). Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Diocese of Peterborough forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. Historically in Huntingdonshire, the parts of the city south of the river fall within the Diocese of Ely, which covers the remainder of Cambridgeshire and western Norfolk. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. The Diocese of Ely is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury. However, the current Bishop of Peterborough has been appointed Assistant Bishop in the Diocese of Ely, with pastoral care for these parishes delegated to him by the Bishop of Ely. The Bishop of Peterborough is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Peterborough in the Province of Canterbury A Bishop of the Anglican Church appointed to assist a Diocesan bishop. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches The Bishop of Ely is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Ely in [81][82] The city falls wholly within the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia, which has its seat at the Cathedral Church of Saint John the Baptist, Norwich. The Cathedral Church of St John the Baptist is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the city of Norwich, Norfolk, England. Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram.
Culture
Education
Peterborough has one independent boarding school; Peterborough High School, formerly Westwood House. This article is about the school in Peterborough England For the school in Peterborough South Australia with the same name see Peterborough South Australia. The school caters for girls up to 18 and boys up to 11. Peterborough's state schools are currently undergoing immense change. Five of the city's 15 secondary schools were closed in July 2007 and are to be demolished over the coming years. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes John Mansfield, Hereward (formerly Eastholm) and Deacon's were replaced with the flagship Thomas Deacon Academy, designed by Lord Foster of Thames Bank which opened in September 2007. John Mansfield School was located in the Dogsthorpe area of Peterborough, England Deacon's School was located in Dogsthorpe, Peterborough, and was known for rivalry with the nearby King's School. The Thomas Deacon Academy is an academy located in Peterborough, England. Norman Robert Foster Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM, FRIBA, RDI, (born 1 June 1935) is a British architect whose company The Voyager School, which has specialist media arts status, replaced Bretton Woods and Walton comprehensive. The Voyager School is a Comprehensive school in Peterborough England for 1675 students aged 11 to 19 The schools that remain will be extended and enlarged. Over £200 million is to be spent and the changes on-going to 2010. [83] The King's School is one of seven schools established, or in some cases re-endowed and renamed, by King Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries to pray for his soul. The King's School Peterborough is a Voluntary Aided Church of England comprehensive Secondary school in Peterborough, England Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of The Dissolution of the Monasteries, sometimes referred to as the Suppression of the Monasteries, was the formal process between 1536 and 1541 by which Henry VIII disbanded [84] In 2006, 39. 4% of Peterborough local education authority pupils attained five grades A* to C, including English and Mathematics, in the General Certificate of Secondary Education, lower than the national average of 45. The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by 8%. [85]
The city has its own Further Education colleges, Peterborough Regional College (established in 1946 as Peterborough Technical College) and Peterborough College of Adult Education. Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from Peterborough Regional College, established in 1946 as Peterborough Technical College is a major college of further and Higher education in Peterborough Peterborough Regional College attracts over 15,000 students each year from the UK and abroad and is currently ranked in the top five per cent of colleges in the UK. [86] The city is currently without its own university, since Loughborough University closed its Peterborough campus in 2003. Loughborough University is a Campus university located in the Market town of Loughborough, Leicestershire, in the East Midlands [87] In 2006 however, Peterborough Regional College was in talks with Anglia Ruskin University to develop a new university campus for the city. Anglia Ruskin University, formerly Anglia Polytechnic, is a University in England, with campuses in Cambridge and Chelmsford. [88][89] The college and the university have now officially completed the legal contracts for the creation of a new joint venture company. The formation marks the culmination of legal negotiations and securing of funds required in order to build the new higher education centre. [90]
The arts
Peterborough enjoys a wide range of events including the annual East of England Show, Peterborough Festival and CAMRA beer festival, which takes place on the river embankment in late August. The Peterborough Festival is held annually in the UK city of Peterborough. The Campaign for Real Ale ( CAMRA) is an independent voluntary, Consumer organisation based in St Albans, England, whose main aim [91]
The Key Theatre, built in 1973, is situated on the embankment, next to the River Nene. The Royal Albert Hall is an Arts venue situated in the Knightsbridge area of the City of Westminster, London, England, best known The theatre provides entertainment, enlightenment and education by reflecting the rich culture Peterborough has to offer. The programme is made up of home-grown productions, national touring shows, local community productions and one-off concerts. There is disabled access, an infrared hearing system for the deaf and hard of hearing and there are also regular signed performances. [92] In 1937 the Odeon Cinema opened on Broadway, where it operated successfully for more than half a century. Odeon Cinemas is the largest chain of cinemas in Europe It is owned by Terra Firma Capital Partners. In 1991 the Odeon showed its last film to the public and was left to fall into a state of disrepair, until 1997, when a local entrepreneur purchased the building as part of a larger project, including a restaurant and art gallery. Today The Broadway is one of the largest theatres in the region and offers a selection of live entertainment, including music, comedy and films. [93] The Embassy Theatre, now a public house, also opened here in 1937, later becoming a cinema. [94] The John Clare Theatre within the new central library, again on Broadway, is home to the Peterborough Film Society. One of the region's leading venues, The Cresset in Bretton, provides a wide range of events for the residents of the city and beyond, including theatre, comedy, music and dance. Bretton is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Peterborough has a 13-screen Showcase Cinema, an ice rink and two indoor swimming pools open to the general public. Showcase Cinemas is a movie theater chain owned by National Amusements of Dedham Massachusetts, USA. A diverse range of restaurants can be found throughout the city, including Chinese & Cantonese, Indian & Nepalese, Thai and many Italian restaurants. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Cantonese ( Yue) cuisine comes from Guangdong Province in Southern China, or specifically from Guangzhou (Canton Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Italian cuisine as a national Cuisine known today has evolved through centuries of social and political changes with its roots traced back to 4th century BC In the closing months of 2006, Polish, Japanese and Mexican restaurants were all opened. Polish cuisine (kuchnia polska is a mixture of Slavic culinary traditions Japanese Cuisine has developed over the centuries as a result of many political and social changes The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.
Peterborough has recently been used as the setting for two popular novels, A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian by Marina Lewycka[95] and A Spot of Bother by Mark Haddon. [96]
Sport
Peterborough United Football Club, known as The Posh, has been the local football team since 1934. Peterborough United Football Club is an English professional football team based in Peterborough. The ground is situated at London Road on the south bank of the River Nene. London Road is a multi-use Stadium in Peterborough, England. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of The River Nene is a River in the east of England that rises from three sources in the English County of Northamptonshire. Peterborough United have a proud history of cup giant-killings. [97] They set the record for the highest number of league goals (134, Terry Bly alone scoring 52) in 1960/1; their first season in the Football League, in which they won the Fourth Division title. Terence Geoffrey Bly (born 22 October 1935 in Fincham, Norfolk) is a former English football Striker. The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs "Fourth Division" redirects here For usage of the term in the Military, see 4th Division. The club's highest standing to date was tenth place in the First Division, then the second tier of English football, in 1992/3. The Football League First Division was the highest division of The Football League between 1993 and 2004 and the highest division of English football overall between [98] Irish property developer Darragh MacAnthony was appointed chairman in 2006 and is now owner, having undertaken a lengthy purchase from Barry Fry who remains director of football. Darragh MacAnthony was born in Dublin on 24 March 1976. He is the Chairman of the MRI Organisation which sells overseas property to British and Irish clients Barry Francis Fry (born April 7 1945 in Bedford, England) is an English football manager. MacAnthony has promised to move The Posh to a new all-seater stadium. [99]
As well as football, Peterborough has teams competing in rugby, cricket, hockey, ice hockey, rowing and athletics. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. GB coxless pair of Toby Garbett & Rick Dunn at Henley Royal Regatta 2004 Although Cambridgeshire is not a first-class cricket county, Northamptonshire staged some home matches in the city between 1906 and 1974. Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club is one of the county clubs which make up the Minor Counties in the English domestic Cricket structure representing Northamptonshire County Cricket Club is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic Cricket structure representing the historic county of Peterborough Town Cricket Club and the City of Peterborough Hockey Club compete at their shared ground in Westwood;[100] whereas the city's oldest and most successful rugby team, Peterborough Rugby Union Football Club, now play at Fortress Fengate. Fengate is a predominantly industrial area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. [101]
Peterborough City Rowing Club moved from its riverside setting to the current Thorpe Meadows location in 1983. The spring and summer regattas held there attract rowers and scullers from competing clubs all over the country. Every February the adjacent River Nene is host to the head of the river race, which again attracts hundreds of entries. [102] Peterborough Athletic Club train and compete at the embankment athletics arena. In 2006, after 10 years, the Great Eastern Run returned to the racing calendar, around 3,000 runners raced through the flat streets of Peterborough for the half-marathon, supported by thousands of spectators along the course. [103]
Peterborough Phantoms are the city's ice hockey team, playing in the English Premier League at the East of England Ice Rink. Peterborough Phantoms were formed in 2002 to fill the space left by the local team Peterborough Pirates; the team plays in the same Ice Arena The English Premier Ice Hockey League commonly abbreviated to EPIHL is a senior Ice Hockey league in England, and is run and administered by the English Motorcycle speedway is also a popular sport in Peterborough, with race meetings held at the East of England Showground. Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise The team, known as the Peterborough Panthers, have operated regularly in the Elite League. The Peterborough Panthers are a British speedway team based in Peterborough, England. The Elite League is the top division of Speedway league competition in the United Kingdom and is goverened by the Speedway Control Board (SCB in conjunction [104] The Showground hosts the annual British Motorcycle Federation Rally each May.
Media
There is a major radio transmitter at Morborne, approximately eight miles (13 km) west of Peterborough, for national FM radio (BBC Radios 1–4 and Classic FM) and BBC Radio Cambridgeshire. The Peterborough transmitting station is a Broadcasting and Telecommunications facility at Morborne Hill near Peterborough, Cambridgeshire Morborne &ndash in Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire) England &ndash is a Village west of Yaxley. See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that BBC Radio is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927 Classic FM is one of the United Kingdom 's three Independent National Radio stations broadcasting classical music in a popular and accessible style This facility includes a 505 feet (154 m) high guyed radio mast which collapsed in 2004 after a fire and has since been re-built. [105][106] Another transmission site at Gunthorpe in the north east of the city transmits AM/MW and local FM radio. Gunthorpe is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Medium Wave (MW is a part of the Medium frequency (MF radio band used mainly for AM broadcasting. The site is only 10 feet (3 m) above sea level and has a 270 feet (83 m) high active insulated guyed mast situated on it.
Peterborough has four local radio stations and one regional station. Hereward FM, the original independent local radio station, still holds a large section of the market on 102. Hereward FM is the Independent Local Radio station for Peterborough and Cambridgeshire. Independent Local Radio 7 MHz. Hereward's sister station, Classic Gold 1332, is now part of the national Classic Gold network; Lite FM 106.8 is the second commercial radio station and Radio Cambridgeshire, which also has a studio in the city, broadcasts local output in place of countywide programming on 95. Classic Gold 1332 was a British Radio station broadcasting to the Peterborough area on 1332 kHz AM and DAB digital radio. Classic Gold was a network of three "Gold" music formatted stations which broadcast on AM in Bradford, Hull and Sheffield. Lite FM 1068 is a United Kingdom radio station based in Peterborough. 7 MHz at peak listening times. Kiss 105-108 is the regional station for the East of England, broadcasting on 107. Kiss 105-108 is the East of England 's regional radio station broadcast from Reflection House Bury St 7 MHz in Peterborough. NOW Peterborough is the local DAB multiplex; BBC DAB National and the national commercial multiplex, Digital One, are also available in the city. NOW Peterborough is a local commercial digital radio multiplex in the United Kingdom which serves Peterborough and the surrounding In the United Kingdom the roll-out of digital radio is proceeding since test transmissions were started by the BBC in 1990 Digital One is a national commercial digital radio multiplex in the United Kingdom, jointly owned by GCap Media and Arqiva. [107] Peterborough is in the Anglia Television transmission area for ITV, with a small studio in the city. } Anglia Television is the ITV station for the East of England which has been broadcasting since 27 October 1959. Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent This is broadcast with BBC One and Two (East), Channel 4 and Channel 5 from Sandy Heath. BBC East is the BBC English Region that produces local Television and Radio programmes for Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began Sandy Heath transmitter is a television broadcast station located between Sandy Bedfordshire and Potton near the B1042 The digital switchover will take place in 2011 in the East of England. Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom is made up of over fifty primarily free-to-air television channels (including all the national analogue stations Shopping channel Ideal World is broadcast nationwide from studios in Fengate, Peterborough. Ideal World is a shopping channel in the UK owned by Ideal Shopping Direct Plc whose sister shopping channels include Ideal Vitality and Create and Craft Fengate is a predominantly industrial area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom.
The Peterborough Evening Telegraph or ET (established 1948) is the city's newspaper, published Monday to Saturday with jobs, property, motors and entertainment supplements. The Peterborough Evening Telegraph, or ET as it is known locally is the local newspaper for the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United The Evening Telegraph is now owned by East Midlands Newspapers Ltd. , part of Johnston Press Plc. Johnston Press plc ( is a newspaper publisher based in Edinburgh, Scotland. [108] Its website, Peterborough Today, is updated six days a week. The ETs sister paper, the Peterborough Citizen (1898), and the Peterborough Herald and Post (1989, a replacement for the Peterborough Standard, established 1872) are weekly papers delivered free to many homes in the city. The Peterborough Herald and Post was a weekly freesheet delivered to households in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, in the United Kingdom. The Herald and Post is owned by Midland Weekly Media Ltd. , part of Trinity Mirror Plc. Trinity Mirror plc is a large United Kingdom Newspaper and Magazine publisher [109] The publisher Emap, which specialises in the production of magazines and the organisation of business events and conferences, traces its origins back to Peterborough in 1854. EMAP is a British media company specializing in the production of B2b magazines and the organization of business events and conferences [110] As Mayor of Peterborough, Sir Richard Winfrey founder of what would become the East Midland Allied Press, was perhaps the last person to read the Riot Act in 1914. Sir Richard Winfrey (1858-1944 was Liberal MP for South West Norfolk from 1906-1923 and Gainsborough from 1923-24 The Riot Act (1 Geo 1 c 5 of 1714 was an act introduced by the Parliament of Great Britain authorising local authorities to declare any group of [111]
Places of interest
The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, whose statues look down from the three high gables of the West Front, was originally founded as a monastery in AD 655 and re-built in its present form between 1118 and 1238. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. It has been the seat of the Bishop of Peterborough since the Diocese was created in 1541. The Bishop of Peterborough is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Peterborough in the Province of Canterbury In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Peterborough Cathedral is known for its imposing early English Gothic West Front which, with its three enormous arches, is without architectural precedent and with no direct successor. Peterborough Cathedral, or the Cathedral Church of St Peter St Paul and St Andrew, is the seat of the Bishop of Peterborough, is dedicated to Saint Peter English Gothic is the name of the Architectural style that flourished in England from about 1180 until about 1520 A Cathedral is a church, usually Roman Catholic, Anglican, or Eastern Orthodox, housing the seat of a Bishop. The Cathedral has the distinction of having had two queens buried beneath its paving, Katherine of Aragon and Mary, Queen of Scots. Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 also known as Catharine, Katherine or Katharine ( Castilian Infanta Catalina The remains of Queen Mary were later removed to Westminster Abbey by her son James I when he became King of England. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James [112]
The general layout of Peterborough is attributed to Martin de Vecti who, as abbot from 1133 to 1155, rebuilt the settlement on dry limestone to the west of the monastery, rather than the often-flooded marshlands to the east. Abbot Martin was responsible for laying out the market place and the wharf beside the river. Peterborough's magnificent seventeenth century Guildhall, built shortly after the restoration of King Charles II, is supported by columns, to provide an open ground floor for the butter and poultry markets which used to be held there. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Market Place was renamed Cathedral Square and the adjacent Gates Memorial Fountain moved to Bishop's Road Gardens in 1963, when the weekly market was transferred to the site of the old cattle market. [113] The city has a large Victorian park containing formal gardens, children's play areas, an aviary, bowling green, tennis courts, pitch and putt course and tea rooms. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The Park has been awarded the Green Flag, the national standard for parks and green spaces, by the Civic Trust. The Civic Trust of England and Wales is a charitable organisation founded in 1957 [114] The Lido, a striking building with elements of art deco design, was opened in 1936 and is one of the few survivors of its type still in use. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial [115]
Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery, built in 1816, housed the city's first infirmary from 1857 to 1928. The museum has a collection of some 227,000 objects, including local archaeology and social history, from the products of the Roman pottery industry to Britain's oldest known murder victim; a collection of marine fossil remains from the Jurassic period of international importance; the manuscripts of John Clare, the Northamptonshire Peasant Poet as he was commonly known in his own time;[116] and the Norman Cross collection of items made by French prisoners of war. The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Ma (million years ago to Ma that is from the end of the Triassic to the beginning John Clare ( 13 July 1793 – 20 May 1864) was an English Poet, in his time commonly known as "the Northamptonshire These prisoners were kept at Norman Cross on the outskirts of Peterborough from 1797 to 1814, in what is believed to be the world's first purpose built prisoner of war camp. At the Norman Cross roundabout near Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, stands a memorial a towering brass eagle upon a concrete column and plinth with brass nameplate The art collection contains an impressive variety of paintings, prints and drawings dating from the 1600s to the present day. Peterborough Museum also holds regular temporary exhibitions, weekend events and guided tours.
Burghley House to the north of Peterborough, near Stamford, was built and mostly designed by Sir William Cecil, later 1st Baron Burghley, who was Lord High Treasurer to Queen Elizabeth I for most of her reign. Burghley House is a grand 16th-century English Country house near the town of Stamford in Lincolnshire, England. Stamford is located 100 miles north of London just off the A1 which was the old Great North Road leading to York and Edinburgh. Lord Burghley redirects here For other holders of the title see Baron Burghley William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley (13 September 1520 &ndash The post of Lord High Treasurer or Lord Treasurer is an old English (after 1707, British) government position [117] The country house, with a park laid out by Lancelot 'Capability' Brown in the eighteenth century, is one of the principal examples of sixteenth century English architecture. The English country house is generally accepted as a large House or Mansion, once in the ownership of an individual who also usually owned another Great [118] The estate, still home to his descendants, hosts the Burghley Horse Trials, an annual three day event. The Land Rover Burghley Horse Trials is an annual three day event held at Burghley House near Stamford Lincolnshire, England. Eventing is an equestrian event which comprises Dressage, cross-country and Show-jumping.
Longthorpe Tower, a fourteenth century three-storey tower and fortified manor house in the care of English Heritage, is situated about two miles (3 km) west of the city centre. Longthorpe Tower is a fourteenth century three-storey tower in the care of English Heritage, situated in the village of Longthorpe, now a district of Peterborough English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of A scheduled ancient monument protected by law, it contains the finest and most complete set of domestic paintings of the period in northern Europe. In the United Kingdom, a Scheduled Monument is a 'nationally important' Archaeological site or historic building given protection against unauthorised change [119] Nearby Thorpe Hall is one of the few mansions built in the Commonwealth period. Thorpe Hall at Longthorpe in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire is a Grade I Listed building, built by Peter Mills between 1653 and 1656 The Commonwealth of England was the Republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland A maternity hospital from 1943 to 1970, it was acquired by the Sue Ryder Foundation in 1986 and is currently in use as a hospice. Sue Ryder Care is a charity (originally called the Sue Ryder Foundation) which was founded in 1953 by Sue Ryder, with the creation of a nursing home in Suffolk [120]
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Flag Fen, the Bronze Age archaeological site, was discovered in 1982 when a team led by Dr. Flag Fen (Coordinates) near Peterborough, England is a Bronze Age site probably religious The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Francis Pryor carried out a survey of dykes in the area. Francis Pryor is a British archaeologist who is famous for his role in the discovery of Flag Fen, a Bronze Age archeological site near Archaeological field survey is the methodological process by which archaeologists (often landscape archaeologists) collect information about the location distribution and organisation LeveeEmbankmentDitch A dike (or dyke) levee, levée, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial Probably religious, it comprises a large number of poles arranged in five long rows, connecting Whittlesey with Peterborough across the wet fenland. Whittlesey (historically known as Whittlesea - the name of the railway station is still spelt this way - or Witesie) is an ancient Fenland The museum exhibits many of the artefacts found, including what is believed to be the oldest wheel in Britain. An exposed section of the Roman road known as the Fen Causeway also crosses the site. [121]
The Nene Valley Railway, a seven and a half mile (12 km) heritage railway, was one of the last passenger lines to fall under the Beeching Axe. The Nene Valley Railway (NVR is a preserved railway in Cambridgeshire, England, running between Peterborough Nene Valley and Yarwell A heritage railway ( United Kingdom) preserved railway ( United Kingdom) or tourist railroad ( United States and Canada) is a The Beeching Axe is an informal name for the British Government 's attempt in the 1960s to reduce the cost of running British Railways, the nationalised railway system In 1974 the former development corporation bought the line, running from the city centre to Yarwell Junction just west of Wansford, via Orton Mere and the 500 acre (202 ha) Ferry Meadows country park, and leased it to the Peterborough Railway Society. In England and Wales, Development Corporations are bodies set up by the UK government and charged with the urban development of an area outside the usual system of Yarwell Junction is the name of a station on the Nene Valley Railway. Wansford is a Village on the Great North Road (A1 near Peterborough and eight miles south of Stamford. Orton Mere is the name of a Mere and its surrounding area near Orton in the city of Peterborough in eastern England. [122]
The Nene Park, which opened in 1978, covers a site three and a half miles (5. Nene Park is a country park in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire. Opened in 1978 it occupies a site approximately three and a half miles long from slightly west of 6 km) long, from slightly west of Castor to the centre of Peterborough. Castor is a village in the Soke of Peterborough in England. Formerly in Northamptonshire, it is now in Cambridgeshire but is administered The park has three lakes, one of which houses a watersports centre. Ferry Meadows, one of the major destinations and attractions signposted on the Green Wheel, occupies a large portion of Nene Park. The Peterborough Millennium Green Wheel is an 80km network of cycleways footpaths and bridleways Orton Mere provides access to the east of the park. [123]
Southey Wood, once included in the Royal Forest of Rockingham, is a mixed woodland maintained by the Forestry Commission between the villages of Upton and Ufford. Rockingham Forest is a former mediæval hunting forest located between the towns of Corby and Kettering in the county of Northamptonshire in England The Forestry Commission (established in 1919 is a Non-ministerial government department responsible for Forestry in Great Britain. Upton is a Civil parish in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England. Ufford is a Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. [124] Nearby, Castor Hanglands, Barnack Hills and Holes and Bedford Purlieus national nature reserves are each sites of special scientific interest. Castor Hanglands is managed as a National Nature Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest by Natural England, a Non-departmental public body Barnack Hills & Holes is managed as a National Nature Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest by Natural England, a Non-departmental public Bedford Purlieus is managed as a National Nature Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest by the Forestry Commission, a Non-ministerial government National Nature Reserve is a United Kingdom government Conservation designation for a Nature reserve of national significance for biological or earth science A Site of Special Scientific Interest or SSSI is a Conservation designation denoting a Protected area in the United Kingdom. [125][126] In 2002 the Hills and Holes, one of Natural England's 35 spotlight reserves, was designated a special area of conservation as part of the Natura 2000 network of sites throughout the European Union. Natural England is a Non-Departmental Public Body of the UK government. A Special Area of Conservation (SAC is defined in the European Commission Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats Natura 2000 is an ecological network of protected areas in the territory of the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in [127]
Famous Peterborians
Peterborough is the birthplace of many notable people, including the astronomer George Alcock MBE, one of the most successful visual discoverers of novas and comets;[128] John Clare, now considered to be one of the most important poets of the nineteenth century;[129] artist, Christopher Perkins;[130] and Sir Henry Royce, 1st Baronet of Seaton, engineer and co-founder of Rolls-Royce. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients George Eric Deacon Alcock ( August 28 1912 Peterborough, Cambridgeshire &ndash December 15 2000) was an English The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. A nova (pl novae or novas) is a Cataclysmic nuclear explosion caused by the accretion of hydrogen onto the surface of a White A comet is a small Solar System body that orbits the Sun and when close enough to the Sun exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere or a tail — John Clare ( 13 July 1793 – 20 May 1864) was an English Poet, in his time commonly known as "the Northamptonshire Christopher Edward Perkins (born 21 September 1891 at Peterborough, England, died Ipswich, Suffolk, 8 April Sir Frederick Henry Royce 1st Baronet, OBE (27 March 1863 - 22 April 1933 was a pioneering car manufacturer who with Charles Stewart Rolls founded the A baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt) or the rare female equivalent a baronetess (abbreviation Btss) is the holder Rolls-Royce plc ( is a British Aircraft engine maker and the second-largest in the world behind GE Aviation. [131] Physician, actor and author, Sir John Hill, credited with 76 separate works in the Dictionary of National Biography, the most valuable of which dealing with botany, is also said to have been born in Peterborough. John Hill (c 1716 &ndash November 21, 1775) called from his Swedish honours "Sir" John Hill English author son of the Rev The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life [132] The socialist writer and illustrator, Frank Horrabin, who was born in the city, was elected its member of parliament in 1929. James Francis (Frank Horrabin, (1 November 1884 &ndash 2 March 1962 was an English Socialist, (sometime Communist) radical writer and cartoonist [133]
The utilitarian philosopher, Richard Cumberland, was 14th Lord Bishop of Peterborough from 1691 until his death in 1718;[134] and Norfolk-born nurse and humanitarian, Edith Cavell, who received part of her education at Laurel Court in the Minster Precinct, is commemorated by a plaque in the Cathedral and by the name of the hospital. Utilitarianism is the idea that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall Utility, that is its contribution to happiness Richard Cumberland (1631 &ndash 1718 was an English philosopher and Bishop of Peterborough from 1691 Humanitarianism is an active belief in Humanism (the idea of the value of human life whereby Humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans Edith Louisa Cavell ( December 4, 1865 – October 12, 1915) was a British World War I nurse and humanitarian [135]
Two prominent historical figures were born locally, Hereward the Wake, an outlaw who led resistance to the Norman Conquest and now lends his name to several places and businesses in Peterborough;[136] and St. John Payne, one of the group of prominent Catholics martyred between 1535 and 1679 and later designated the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, who was beatified by Pope Leo XIII in 1886 and canonised with the other 39 by Pope Paul VI in 1970. Saint John Paine or Payne (1532 &ndash 1582 was an English Catholic priest martyr one of the Catholic Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales are a group of Christian martyrs who were canonized on 25 October 1970 by Pope Paul VI to represent the Beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed via Greek μακάριος makarios) is a recognition accorded by the Catholic church Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints Pope [137]
Musicians include Sir Thomas Armstrong, organist, conductor and former principal of the Royal Academy of Music;[138] Andy Bell, lead singer of the electronic pop duo Erasure;[139] Barrie Forgie, leader of the BBC Big Band;[140] Don Lusher OBE, trombonist and former professor of the Royal College of Music and the Royal Marines School of Music;[141] Paul Nicholas, actor and singer;[142] Keith Palmer, better known as Maxim Reality, MC with dance act The Prodigy[143] — Graham 'Gizz' Butt, who played live guitar with The Prodigy, lives in the area — and Nigel Sixsmith, keytar player and founder member of The Art Of Sound. Sir Thomas Armstrong ( 15 June 1898 – 26 June 1994) was an English Organist, conductor, educationalist and The Royal Academy of Music in London, England, is a well known conservatoire and one of the leading music institutions in the world This article is about the lead singer of Erasure; there is also Andy Bell (musician, a member of the band Oasis. Synthpop is a subgenre of New Wave and Pop music in which the Synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument Erasure are an English Synth pop duo formed by Songwriter and Keyboardist Vince Clarke and Singer Don Lusher OBE ( 6 November 1923 &ndash 5 July 2006) was a Jazz and Big band trombonist best The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Royal College of Music is a well known conservatoire located in the South Kensington district of London, England, and one The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy Paul Nicholas (born Paul Oscar Beuselinck 3 December 1945 in Peterborough, England) is an English Actor and Keith Palmer (born 21 March, 1967, in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England) best known as Maxim is a Vocalist/MC Electronica includes a wide range of contemporary Electronic music designed for a wide range The Prodigy are an Electronic music group formed by Liam Howlett in 1990 in Braintree Essex, England. Gizz Butt (born Graham Butt in Manchester, England in 1966 is a British musician best known for playing the Guitar during live performances Nigel Sixsmith was born in Peterborough. England. He lived most of his early childhood in Ryhall before moving with his family to Barnack where A keytar is a relatively lightweight keyboard or Synthesizer that is supported by a strap around the neck and shoulders similar to the way a Guitar The Art Of Sound was formed in Peterborough, England in 1973 to promote the use of Synthesizers in both modern and classical music [144]
Other living personalities include television presenter, Sarah Cawood, who grew up in Maxey;[145] Adrian Durham, football journalist and radio broadcaster;[146] and biologist, author and broadcaster, Prof. Sarah Cawood (born 7 August 1972 in London) is a British Television presenter. Adrian Durham (born 13 May 1969 Peterborough, England) is an English football Journalist and broadcaster. Brian J. Ford, who attended the King's School and still lives in Eastrea near Whittlesey. Brian J Ford (born 1939 in Corsham, Wiltshire) is an independent research biologist and left before graduating to set up his own multi-disciplinary laboratory [147] Local businessman Peter Boizot MBE OMRI, founder of the Pizza Express restaurant chain, has supported the cultural and sporting life of Peterborough and received its highest accolade, the freedom of the city. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. There are currently five Italian orders of merit (Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana that recognise contributions to the Italian Republic. PizzaExpress is a chain of Pizza Restaurants originating in the United Kingdom. [148][149] Blackburn Rovers and England footballer, David Bentley, was born in the city;[150] and West Ham United midfielder, Matthew Etherington, started his career in the youth academy at Peterborough United;[151] where former England goalkeeper, David Seaman MBE, first began to make a name for himself. Blackburn Rovers Football Club is an English Premier League football club based in the town of Blackburn, Lancashire. The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football David Michael Bentley (born 27 August 1984 in Peterborough) is an English footballer who plays for Tottenham Hotspur. } West Ham United Football Club is an English football club based in Upton Park, London Borough of Newham, East London, who have played Matthew Etherington (born August 14 1981 in Truro, Cornwall) is an English footballer. The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football David Andrew Seaman MBE (born 19 September 1963 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire) is a former English football The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. [152]
Geography
Climate
According to the Köppen classification the British Isles experience a maritime climate characterised by relatively cool summers and mild winters. The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes Compared with other parts of the country, East Anglia is slightly warmer and sunnier in the summer and colder and frostier in the winter. Owing to its inland position, furthest from the landfall of most Atlantic depressions, Cambridgeshire is one of the driest counties in the UK, receiving, on average, less than two feet (600 mm) of rain per year. The mean annual daily duration of bright sunshine is four hours and 12 minutes; the absence of any high ground is probably responsible for the area being one of the sunniest parts of the British Isles. [153]
| Weather averages for Peterborough, observed at Wittering | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °F | 41 | 44 | 48 | 54 | 61 | 67 | 69 | 68 | 65 | 57 | 49 | 43 | 56 |
| Average low °F | 32 | 34 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 53 | 53 | 49 | 44 | 39 | 34 | 42 |
| Precipitation inches | 2 | 1 | 2. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 1 | 1. 3 | 1. 3 | 2 | 2. 1 | 1. 6 | 2. 1 | 1. 8 | 1. 8 | 1. 9 | 21 |
| Average high °C | 5 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 19 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 6 | 13 |
| Average low °C | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 6 |
| Precipitation mm | 50. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 8 | 25. 4 | 53. 3 | 33 | 33 | 50. 8 | 53. 3 | 40. 6 | 53. 3 | 45. 7 | 45. 7 | 48. 3 | 533. 4 |
| Source: Weatherbase[154] Years on Record: 11 | |||||||||||||
Topography
East Anglia is most notable for being almost flat. During the Ice Age much of the region was covered by ice sheets and this has influenced the topography and nature of the soils. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets [155] Much of Cambridgeshire is low-lying, in some places below present-day mean sea level. [156] The lowest point on land is supposedly just to the south of the city at Holme Fen, which is nine feet (2. Holme &ndash in Huntingdonshire (now part of Cambridgeshire) England &ndash is a Village near Connington south of Yaxley 75 m) below sea level. The largest of the many settlements along the Fen edge, Peterborough has been called the Gateway to the Fens. A fen is a type of Wetland fed by surface and/or groundwater Fens are characterized by their water chemistry which is neutral or Alkaline Fens are different Before they were drained the Fens were liable to periodic flooding so arable farming was limited to the higher areas of the Fen edge, with the rest of the Fenland dedicated to pastoral farming. The Fens, also known as the Fenland, is a geographic area in eastern England, in the United Kingdom. In Geography, arable land (from Latin arare, to Plough) is an agricultural term meaning land that can be used for Economy The Fenland economy has for years been built upon farming and food related industry Pastoral farming (also known as grazing in some parts of the world is farming related to Livestock rather than growing crops and other In this way, the mediæval and early modern Fens stood in contrast to the rest of southern England, which was primarily arable. Since the advent of modern drainage in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the Fens have been radically transformed such that arable farming has almost entirely replaced pastoral. The city includes the outlying settlement at RAF Wittering, the Home of the Harrier,[157] and as a unitary authority borders Northamptonshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north, and administrative Cambridgeshire to the south and east. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The city centre is located at 52°35'N latitude 0°15'W longitude or Ordnance Survey national grid reference TL 185 998. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude
Urban areas of the city
Townships are in bold type. History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene Bretton, Orton Longueville and Orton Waterville are parished. The city council also works closely with Werrington neighbourhood association which operates on a similar basis to a parish council
Bretton - Dogsthorpe - Eastfield - Eastgate - Fengate - Fletton - Gunthorpe - Hampton - Longthorpe - Millfield - Netherton - Newark - New England - The Ortons - Parnwell - Paston - Ravensthorpe - Stanground - Walton - Werrington - West Town - Westwood - Woodston
Surrounding villages in the district
Civil parishes do not cover the whole of England and mostly exist in rural areas. Bretton is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Dogsthorpe is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Eastfield is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Eastgate is a residential area immediately to the east of Peterborough Cathedral and west of Fengate, in Cambridgeshire, England. Fengate is a predominantly industrial area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Gunthorpe is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Hampton is a newly developing township in Peterborough, England. Longthorpe is a village in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Millfield is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Netherton is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Newark was a hamlet of the Parish of Saint Mary the Virgin in the Soke of Peterborough in the United Kingdom. New England is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Orton is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Parnwell is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Paston is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Ravensthorpe is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Stanground is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Walton is a residential area and electoral ward of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Werrington is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. West Town is residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Woodston is a largely residential area of the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government. They are usually administered by parish councils which have various local responsibilities
Ailsworth - Bainton - Barnack - Borough Fen - Castor - Deeping Gate - Etton - Eye - Eye Green - Glinton - Helpston - Marholm - Maxey - Newborough - Northborough - Peakirk - Southorpe - St. Martin's Without - Sutton - Thorney - Thornhaugh - Ufford - Upton - Wansford - Wittering - Wothorpe
These are further arranged into 24 electoral wards for the purposes of local government. Ailsworth (formerly Ægeleswurth) is a village in the English county of Cambridgeshire. Bainton is a village and Civil parish in the City of Peterborough unitary authority in Cambridgeshire, England. Barnack is a village and Civil parish in the City of Peterborough Unitary authority of Cambridgeshire, England. Borough Fen is a Civil parish in the City of Peterborough Unitary authority in Cambridgeshire, England. Castor is a village in the Soke of Peterborough in England. Formerly in Northamptonshire, it is now in Cambridgeshire but is administered Deeping Gate is a small Hamlet, lying on the River Welland and located in the traditional county of Northamptonshire, now in the Peterborough unitary Etton is a Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in England. Eye is a Village in the Unitary authority area of Peterborough in England, south of Crowland and Eye Green. Eye Green is a Village in the Unitary authority of Peterborough in England. Glinton is a village to the North of the City of Peterborough, England, United Kingdom. Helpston (also formerly "Helpstone" is an English village formerly in Northamptonshire — subsequently (1965–1974 in Huntingdon and Peterborough Marholm is a Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Maxey is a village in the City of Peterborough in England located between Peterborough & Stamford - it is home to nearly 700 residents Newborough is a ward and Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. "Northborough" redirects here For the town in Massachusetts, see Northborough Massachusetts. Peakirk is a Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Southorpe is a Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. St Martin's Without is a Civil parish in the Peterborough unitary authority in eastern England. Sutton is a Civil parish in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England. Thorney is a village about 8 miles (13 km east of Peterborough in the City of Peterborough Unitary authority, England, on the Thornhaugh is a Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Ufford is a Civil parish in the city of Peterborough, Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom. Upton is a Civil parish in Peterborough, Cambridgeshire, England. Wansford is a Village on the Great North Road (A1 near Peterborough and eight miles south of Stamford. Wittering is a village in the Soke of Peterborough, now in Cambridgeshire formerly in Northamptonshire, in the east of England. Wothorpe is a village and Civil parish in the Peterborough Unitary authority of Cambridgeshire, England. A ward in the United Kingdom is an electoral district at subnational level represented by one or more councillors [158] 15 wards comprise the Peterborough constituency for elections to the House of Commons, while the remaining nine fall within the North West Cambridgeshire constituency. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords [159]
Linguistics
Peterborough lies in the middle of several distinct regional accent groups and as such has a hybrid of Fenland East Anglian, East Midland and London Estuary English features. East Anglian English is a dialect of English spoken in East Anglia. East Midlands English is a Dialect traditionally spoken in those parts of Mercia lying East of Watling Street (the A5 London - Shrewsbury Road London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Estuary English is a name given to the formulation(s of English widely spoken in South East England and the East of England; especially along the The city falls just north of the A vowel isogloss and as such most native speakers will use the flat A, as found in cat, in words such as last. An isogloss is the geographical boundary or delineation of a certain linguistic feature e Trap-bath split The trap-bath split is a vowel split that occurs mainly in southern varieties of English English (including Received Pronunciation Yod-dropping is often heard from Peterborians, as in the rest of East Anglia, for example new as /nuː/. The phonological history of English consonant clusters is part of the Phonological history of the English language in terms of changes in the Phonology of Consonant However, the large number of newcomers has impacted greatly on the English spoken by the younger generation. English language in England refers to the English language as spoken in England, part of the United Kingdom. Common so-called Estuary English features such as L-vocalisation, T-glottalisation and Th-fronting give today's Peterborough accent a definite south-eastern sound. In linguistics l-vocalization is a process by which an /l/ sound is replaced by a Vowel or Semivowel sound T-glottalization is a process that occurs for many English speakers that causes the phoneme /t/ to be pronounced as the Glottal stop in certain positions Th-fronting is a merger of the pronuncation of the English "th" with other sounds that occurs (historically independently in Cockney, Newfoundland South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. [160]
Affiliations
Town twinning started in Europe after the Second World War. Its purpose was to promote friendship and greater understanding between the people of different European cities. A twinning link is a formal, long-term friendship agreement involving co-operation between two communities in different countries and endorsed by both local authorities. The two communities organise projects and activities around a range of issues and develop an understanding of historical, cultural, lifestyle similarities and differences. Peterborough is twinned with the following towns:
Alcalá de Henares, Spain Queen Katherine's birthplace (since 1986)
Bourges, France (since 1957)
Forlì, Italy (since 1981)
Viersen, Germany (since 1982)
Vinnytsya, Ukraine (since 1991)
The city also has more informal friendship links with Ballarat, Australia; Foggia, Italy; Kwe Kwe, Zimbabwe; Pécs, Hungary; and all Peterboroughs around the world. Alcalá de Henares, meaning Castle on the river Henares, is a Spanish city whose historical centre is one of UNESCO 's World Heritage Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Bourges is a commune in central France on the Yèvre river It is the capital of the department of Cher and also was the capital This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Forlì ( Latin: Forum Livii) is a Comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy famed as the birthplace of the great painter Melozzo da Forlì Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Viersen is the capital of the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Vinnytsia (Вінниця Vinnytsya) (also known by other names) is a City located on the banks of the Southern Buh River, in central Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Foggia is a city of Puglia, Italy, capital of the Province of Foggia. Kwekwe or Kwe Kwe formerly Que Que (both kwā'kwā' is a city in central Zimbabwe. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Pécs, (IPA, approximate pronunciation Pitch known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country close Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic [161] The county of Cambridgeshire has been twinned with Kreis Viersen, Germany since 1983. Viersen is a Kreis (district in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
References
Footnotes
- ^ Beckett, John V. City Status in the British Isles, 1830–2002 (p. 14) Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, 2005
- ^ The nine Government Office regions formed in 1994, were adopted in place of the eight standard statistical regions in 1999. Government Offices are the primary means by which a wide range of policies and programmes of the Government of the United Kingdom are delivered in the Regions of England England is divided into a number of different regional schemes for various purposes East Anglia is now defined as Level 2 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode See Hierarchical list of the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics and the statistical regions of Europe The European Commission, Statistical Office of the European Communities (retrieved 6 January 2008)
- ^ 2005 Population Estimates Office for National Statistics, June 2005
- ^ Grant of arms by letters patent sealed by Garter, Clarenceux and Norroy & Ulster Kings of Arms dated 6 September 1960
- ^ House of Commons Hansard Written Answers HC Deb. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 19 July 2006 (vol. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 449) cc. 517-518W
- ^ Parthey, Gustav and Pinder, Moritz (eds. ) Itinerarivm Antonini Avgvsti et Hierosolymitanum: ex libris manu scriptis Iter Britanniarvm (Iter V: Item a Londinio Luguvalio ad vallum mpm clvi sic) Friederich Nicolaus, Berlin, 1848. See also Reynolds, Thomas Iter Britanniarum or that part of the itinerary of Antoninus which relates to Britain with a new comment J. Burges, Cambridge, 1799
- ^ Bodleian, MS. The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England Laud 636 (E), see Ingram, James Henry (trans. ) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1823 (facsimilie of the 1847 Everyman's Library ed. with additional readings from the translation of John Allen Giles from Project Gutenberg, retrieved 19 September 2007)
- ^ Bennett, Jack Arthur Walter Middle English Literature (ed. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Jack Arthur Walter Bennett (1911–1981 was a New Zealand -born literary scholar and completed by Douglas Gray) Oxford University Press, 1986
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh (ed. Hugh Chisholm ( February 22, 1866 – September 29, 1924) was a British journalist and editor of the 11th and 12th editions of the ) Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.) vol. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica 21 Cambridge University Press, 1911 (text in the public domain)
- ^ Davies, Elizabeth et al. Peterborough: A Story of City and Country, People and Places (pp. 18-19) Peterborough City Council and Pitkin Unichrome, 2001
- ^ King, Richard John Handbook to the Cathedrals of England (p. 77) John Murray, London, 1862
- ^ Under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 (5 & 6 Wm. The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 (5 & 6 Wm IV c76 - sometimes known as the Municipal Reform Act - required members of town councils ( Municipal corporations IV c. 76), Charter of Incorporation dated 17 March 1874
- ^ "At the bridge of Peterborough by the River Nene, as well in the county of Huntingdon as in the county of Northampton, on all sides of the bridge"
- ^ Tebbs, Herbert F. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Peterborough: A History (p. 125) The Oleander Press, Cambridge, 1979
- ^ Brooks, John A Flavour of the Welland (p. 12) The Welland Partnership and Jarrold Publishing, Norwich, 2004
- ^ Davies (pp. 23-24)
- ^ London Brick: 130 Years of History 1877–2007 Hanson Building Products, 2007
- ^ Baker, Anne Pimlott Perkins, Francis Arthur (1889–1967) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/48099, retrieved 24 September 2007)
- ^ Davies (pp. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 26-27)
- ^ The History of British Sugar British Sugar (retrieved 5 January 2008)
- ^ Under the New Towns Act 1965 (1965 cap. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 59) cf. The Peterborough Development Corporation (Transfer of Property and Dissolution) Order 1988 (SI 1988/1410), the designation was made on 21 July 1967, see the London Gazette: no. 44377, page 8515, 1 August 1967. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Hancock, Tom Greater Peterborough Master Plan Peterborough Development Corporation, 1971
- ^ EXPANSION: A billion reasons to be cheerful Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 2 March 2005
- ^ a b The Plan for Peterborough City Centre Peterborough City Council, East of England Development Agency and English Partnerships, February 2005
- ^ Urban Panel Review Paper for Peterborough Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England and Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, 16 March 2006
- ^ Formally the Representation of the People Act 1832 (2 & 3 Will. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. English Partnerships (EP is the national regeneration agency for England, performing a similar role on a national level to that fulfilled by Regional Development Agencies English Heritage is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government ( Department for Culture Media and Sport) with a broad remit of The Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE is an executive Non-departmental public body of the UK government, established in 1999 Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. IV c. 45)
- ^ Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict. The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict c 23 was a piece of British Electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House c. 23)
- ^ Youngs, Frederic A. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England Volume II: Northern England (Part III: Parliamentary Constituencies) Royal Historical Society, London, 1991
- ^ Under the Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict. The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough c. 41)
- ^ The Huntingdon and Peterborough Order 1964 (SI 1964/367), see Local Government Commission for England (1958–1967), Report and Proposals for the East Midlands General Review Area (Report No. The Local Government Commission for England was established by the Local Government Act 1958 to review the organisation of local government and make "such proposals 3), 31 July 1961 and Report and Proposals for the Lincolnshire and East Anglia General Review Area (Report No. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 9), 7 May 1965
- ^ Under the Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict c 73 created a system of Urban districts and Rural districts with elected councils in all areas of England c. 73)
- ^ Under the Local Government Act 1972 (1972 cap. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales 70)
- ^ Issued under the Great Seal of the Realm dated 25 June 1974, see the London Gazette: no. 46334, page 7419, 28 June 1974. The Great Seal of the Realm or Great Seal of the United Kingdom (prior to the Union the Great Seal of England, then Great Seal of Great Britain Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain
- ^ The Cambridgeshire (City of Peterborough) (Structural, Boundary and Electoral Changes) Order 1996 (SI 1996/1878), see Local Government Commission for England (1992), Final Recommendations for the Future Local Government of Cambridgeshire, October 1994 and Final Recommendations on the Future Local Government of Basildon & Thurrock, Blackburn & Blackpool, Broxtowe, Gedling & Rushcliffe, Dartford & Gravesham, Gillingham & Rochester upon Medway, Exeter, Gloucester, Halton & Warrington, Huntingdonshire & Peterborough, Northampton, Norwich, Spelthorne and the Wrekin, December 1995
- ^ Under the Local Government Act 2000 (2000 cap. The Local Government Commission for England was the body responsible for reviewing the structure of local government in England from 1992 to 2002 The Local Government Act 2000 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed Local government in England and Wales 22), see Modular constitutions for English local authorities Department for Environment, Transport and the Regions, February 2001
- ^ Walton, Jemma Meet Peterborough's Volunteer Fire Brigade team Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 26 July 2007
- ^ Volunteer soldiers mark unit's centenary year Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 03 April 2008
- ^ The annual health check: assessing and rating the NHS (pp. The Secretary of State for the Environment Transport and the Regions was a UK Cabinet position created in 1997, with responsibility for the Department for Environment Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 22, 34 & 69) Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection, October 2006
- ^ Greater Peterborough Health Investment Plan Peterborough and Stamford Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough Primary Care Trust and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Mental Health Partnership Trust (retrieved 23 April 2007)
- ^ Council Tax Summary and A–Z Guide Peterborough City Council, 1 April 2008
- ^ Broadband availability details for Peterborough Samknows (retrieved 28 August 2007)
- ^ Peterborough's Community Strategy Greater Peterborough Partnership, Progress Report Summary 2006
- ^ Marais, John Regional Gross Value Added 1989–2003 (pp. The Healthcare Commission is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department of Health of the United Kingdom. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 240-253) Office for National Statistics, December 2006
- ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
- ^ Includes hunting and forestry
- ^ Includes energy and construction
- ^ Includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
- ^ Hastings, David and Swadkin, Claire Regional economic indicators with a focus on the differences in regional economic performance Economic and Labour Market Review, vol. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly 1 no. 2 (pp. 52-64) February 2007
- ^ Peterborough leads UK’s business population growth, according to Royal Mail’s Business Barometer Royal Mail, 19 January 2007
- ^ Peterborough Environment Cluster The UK Centre for Economic and Environmental Development (retrieved 20 December 2007)
- ^ Peterborough - the UK's Environment Capital Greater Peterborough Partnership (retrieved 20 December 2007)
- ^ Commuting Profile for Peterborough East of England Regional Assembly, 11 April 2005
- ^ NOMIS Official Labour Market Statistics Office for National Statistics (retrieved 31 March 2006)
- ^ EMPLOYMENT: Projects promise jobs to end worrying trend Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 23 March 2006
- ^ JOBS: Boom Time Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 18 April 2005
- ^ BUSINESS: Distribution park will bring 2,500 jobs to city Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 12 September 2006
- ^ LIMIT PLEA: Fears over immigrants Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 23 August 2006
- ^ Housing Strategy Statement Peterborough City Council, July 2004
- ^ Station Facilities for Peterborough National Rail Enquiries, 28 November 2006
- ^ Under the Nene Navigation Acts 1714 (12 Anne c. Royal Mail is the national postal service of the United Kingdom. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. National Rail is a brand name of the Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 7), 1725 (11 Geo. I c. 19), 1756 (29 Geo. II c. 69) and 1794 (34 Geo. III c. 85)
- ^ Labrum, Edward A. Civil Engineering Heritage: Eastern and Central England (pp. 78-79) Thomas Telford, London, 1994. See also Cossey, F. Cast Iron Railway Bridge at Peterborough in Hudson, Kenneth (ed. Kenneth Hudson OBE MA FSA (4 July 1916 &ndash 28 December 1999 was an industrial archaeologist museologist broadcaster and author ) Industrial Archaeology vol. 4 (pp. 138-147) David & Charles, Newton Abbot, 1967
- ^ Brandon, David and Knight, John Peterborough Past: The City and The Soke (p. 54) Phillimore & Co. , Chichester, 2001
- ^ River Nene The Environment Agency (retrieved 29 August 2007)
- ^ Brandon and Knight (pp. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 47-49)
- ^ The Second Local Transport Plan Peterborough City Council, March 2006
- ^ Cycle Guide: The Green Wheel The Guardian, 3 March 2007
- ^ Colpi, Terry The Italian Factor: The Italian Community in Great Britain (p. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 149) Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 1991
- ^ Colpi (p. 235)
- ^ 2001 Census Profile of Peterborough Cambridgeshire County Council, June 2003
- ^ Reid, Sue The town the Poles took over The Mail on Sunday, 24 August 2006
- ^ Patrols to quell violent clashes BBC News, 20 May 2004 20:01 BST
- ^ Ethnic groups clash at festival BBC News, 26 July 2004 12:02 BST
- ^ The changing demography of Cambridgeshire: implications for policing Cambridgeshire Constabulary and Cambridgeshire Police Authority, 19 September 2007
- ^ Travis, Alan Ministers to assess migrant groups' impact on public services The Guardian, 20 September 2007
- ^ The Poles are Coming! Is white working class Britain becoming invisible? A season of programmes on BBC Two (retrieved 19 March 2008)
- ^ Positively Plurilingual: The contribution of community languages to UK education and society (p. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Western European Summer Time ( WEST) is a summer Daylight saving time scheme 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Western European Summer Time ( WEST) is a summer Daylight saving time scheme 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 6) CILT the National Centre for Languages, 2006
- ^ Peterborough Local Plan (First Replacement) Peterborough City Council, July 2005
- ^ Walton, Jemma How immigration has led to the rebirth of the Catholic Church Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 27 February 2007
- ^ Sandall, Jonathan Peterborough superchurch to open Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 21 September 2006
- ^ Ethnicity and Religion in Peterborough Cambridgeshire County Council, October 2004
- ^ RELIGION: Bishops bridge boundaries aboard boat Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 2 August 2004
- ^ Bridging the divide in a city Diocese of Ely, Ref. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 0471, 29 July 2004
- ^ Secondary School Review Peterborough City Council (retrieved 15 April 2007)
- ^ Orme, Nicholas School founders and patrons in England, 597–1560 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, October 2006
- ^ How different LEAs performed BBC News, 19 January 2007 17:21 GMT
- ^ Nasta, Tony Statutory Inspection of Peterborough Regional College under Section 3 of the School Inspections Act 1996 (1996 cap. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London 57) Office for Standards in Education and Adult Learning Inspectorate, 17 October 2006
- ^ Peterborough Sub-Regional Study: Final Report 3. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 2. 3 Improving further and higher education provision (p. 19) Llewelyn Davies for the East of England Regional Assembly, November 2003
- ^ Major step towards university for Peterborough Anglia Ruskin University, 22 February 2006
- ^ £10 million boost for university facility in Peterborough Anglia Ruskin University, 11 December 2006
- ^ Legal deal signed and sealed facilitates the 'emergence' of new University Centre in Peterborough Anglia Ruskin University, 3 April 2007
- ^ Destination Guide for Peterborough English Tourist Board (retrieved 20 April 2007)
- ^ The Key Times is the theatre's newspaper, available free of charge from the last Saturday of each month
- ^ First Glimpse of Mecca to Movies Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 18 April 2001
- ^ 50th Anniversary 1937–1987 Souvenir Brochure Cannon Cinema, Peterborough, 1987
- ^ Orange Broadband prize for Fiction 2005 shortlist title A Short History of Tractors in Ukrainian by Marina Lewycka (336 pp. The East of England Regional Assembly is the regional assembly for the East of England region of the United Kingdom. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The English Tourism Council (prior to 1999 the English Tourist Board) was the tourist board for England. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Viking, London, 2005) Orange Home UK (retrieved 26 January 2008)
- ^ Ness, Patrick Pleasant incidents (review of A Spot of Bother by Mark Haddon, 390 pp. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Jonathan Cape, London, 2006) The Guardian, 26 August 2006
- ^ Plummer, Russell Peterborough United on the FA Cup Trail, Part 1: Sixty Years of Highlights in the Greatest Knockout Event and Part 2: Sunderland Disaster to Glory in Defeat at Old Trafford Peterborough United Football Club, 03 & 4 January 2002
- ^ Posh Stats and Records Peterborough United Football Club, 9 May 2007
- ^ Conn, David Posh fans wary of pitfalls on road to the Premiership The Guardian, 25 October 2006
- ^ Peterborough Town changed its name for the 2006/7 season following a merger with Peterborough Athletic Hockey Club, see Peterborough Town Sports Club for more details
- ^ Bath, David A History of Rugby Union in the Peterborough Area with special reference to the history of Peterborough Rugby Union Football Club An extended version of a paper delivered to the Peterborough Burgh Society, October 2002
- ^ ROWING: Hunt and Gilbert strike gold for City Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 7 February 2006
- ^ The Story Behind The Return of The Great Eastern Run Peterborough City Council (retrieved 30 September 2007)
- ^ Club Honours Peterborough Speedway Showcase (retrieved 19 March 2008)
- ^ Mast fire 'could be deliberate' BBC News, 1 November 2004 08:39 GMT
- ^ FIRE: Mast blaze brings radio blackout Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 1 November 2004
- ^ Radio Authority awards local digital multiplex licence for Peterborough Radio Authority, News Release 161/01, 9 November 2001
- ^ East Midlands Newspapers Johnston Press, Edinburgh (retrieved 18 September 2007)
- ^ Midland Weekly Media Trinity Mirror, London (retrieved 18 September 2007)
- ^ Newton, David Men of Mark: Makers of East Midland Allied Press Emap, Peterborough, 1977
- ^ Walton, Jemma Part 2: 'Fen men to the marrow' who have served us down through the years Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 14 June 2007
- ^ Sweeting, Walter Debenham The Cathedral Church of Peterborough: A Description of its Fabric and a Brief History of the Episcopal See (pp. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Office of Communications (Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau or as it is more often known Ofcom is the independent regulator and competition authority for the Communication Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 3-35) G. Bell & Sons, London, 1898 (facsimile of the 1926 reprint of the 2nd ed. of Bell's Cathedrals from Project Gutenberg, retrieved 23 April 2007)
- ^ Skinner, Julia (with particular reference to the work of Robert Cook) Did You Know? Peterborough: A Miscellany (pp. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 33, 25 & 16) The Francis Frith Collection, Salisbury, 2006
- ^ Green Flag Award Winners (p. 13) The Civic Trust, 21 July 2006. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Peterborough Civic Society is registered with the Civic Trust
- ^ Brandon and Knight (pp. 111-112)
- ^ Grainger, Margaret A Descriptive Catalogue of the John Clare Collection Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery, 1973
- ^ Leatham, Victoria Burghley: The Life of a Great House The Herbert Press, London, 1992. See also Becker, Alida This Old House (review of Life at Burghley: Restoring One of England's Great Houses by the same author) The New York Times, 27 December 1992
- ^ Turner, Roger Capability Brown and the Eighteenth Century English Landscape (pp. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Roger Turner is a British Garden designer and writer of Gardening -related Non-fiction books 110-112) Phillimore & Co. , Chichester, 1999
- ^ Salter, Mike The Castles of East Anglia (p. 21) Folly Publications, Malvern, 2001
- ^ Brandon and Knight (p. 17)
- ^ Pryor, Francis Flag Fen: Life and Death of a Prehistoric Landscape Tempus Publishing, Stroud, 2005
- ^ Rhodes, John The Nene Valley Railway Turntable Publications, Sheffield, 1976
- ^ Changing Places: Case Studies of the Urban Renaissance The Urban and Economic Development Group (retrieved 2 May 2007)
- ^ Woodland Wildlife Walk: Southey Wood Cambridgeshire County Council, 2004
- ^ Castor Hanglands NNR English Nature, 2004
- ^ Barkham, John Review of Bedford Purlieus: Its History, Ecology and Management by George Frederick Peterken and Robert Colin Welch (eds. Francis Pryor is a British archaeologist who is famous for his role in the discovery of Flag Fen, a Bronze Age archeological site near Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. English Nature was the United Kingdom government agency that promoted the conservation of Wildlife, Geology and wild places throughout England ) Journal of Biogeography, vol. 3 no. 3 (pp. 322-323) September 1976
- ^ Barnack Hills and Holes NNR English Nature, 2004
- ^ Obituary of George Eric Deacon Alcock Journal of the British Astronomical Association, vol. English Nature was the United Kingdom government agency that promoted the conservation of Wildlife, Geology and wild places throughout England 111 no. 2 (pp. 64-66) February 2001
- ^ Robinson, Eric H. Clare, John (1793–1864) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5441, retrieved 10 September 2007)
- ^ Collins, R. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. D. J. Perkins, Christopher Edward (1891–1968) Dictionary of New Zealand Biography vol. The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography contains biographies for over 3000 New Zealanders 4 Auckland University Press, 1998
- ^ Jeremy, David J. Royce, Sir (Frederick) Henry, baronet (1863–1933) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35860, retrieved 10 September 2007)
- ^ O'Connor, Barry Hill, Sir John (bap. 1714, d. 1775) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13281, retrieved 30 September 2007)
- ^ Cole, Margaret Horrabin, James Francis (1884–1962) (rev. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Amanda L. Capern) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33995, retrieved 06 October 2007)
- ^ Parkin, Jon Cumberland, Richard (1632–1718) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/6887, retrieved 30 September 2007)
- ^ Daunton, Claire Cavell, Edith Louisa (1865–1915) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32330, retrieved 30 April 2007)
- ^ Mellows, William Thomas (ed. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ) The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (p. 41) Peterborough Museum Society, 1941
- ^ Canonizzazione di Quaranta Martiri dell’Inghilterra e del Galles Omelia del Santo Padre Paolo VI The Holy See, 25 October 1970
- ^ Stoker, Richard Armstrong, Sir Thomas Henry Wait (1898–1994) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/54713, retrieved 24 April 2007)
- ^ Erasure uncovered in Norwich BBC News, 10 February 2003 18:09 GMT
- ^ The Barry Forgie Orchestra Vinyl Vulture (retrieved 24 April 2007)
- ^ Voce, Steve Obituary of Gordon Douglas Lusher The Independent, 7 July 2006
- ^ Biography of Paul Nicholas Internet Movie Database (retrieved 24 April 2007)
- ^ Montalbano, Dan The city of Hereward the Wake The Independent, 31 August 2006
- ^ The Art Of Sound SoundClick (retrieved 24 April 2007)
- ^ Inside out: Health Check - SARAH CAWOOD (Features) Liverpool Daily Post, 3 February 2004
- ^ Kirby, Terry Author in a Spot of Bother for 'horrible' view of Peterborough The Independent, 31 August 2006
- ^ Pearson, Mark Teaching via the Internet Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 7 October 2005 (facsimile of p. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Richard Stoker (born 8 November, 1938 in Castleford, Yorkshire) is a British composer and writer The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885 A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 23 from the Brian J. Ford Website, retrieved 24 April 2007)
- ^ Muir, Jonny Five are honoured with freedom nominations Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 04 October 2007
- ^ Nine people to receive Freedom of City in cathedral ceremony Peterborough City Council, 29 February 2008
- ^ Profile for David Bentley ESPNsoccernet (retrieved 27 May 2007)
- ^ Player Information for Matthew Etherington Football Database (retrieved 24 April 2007)
- ^ David Seaman factfile The Guardian, 14 January 2004
- ^ Brown, Chris State of the Environment Report 1998 Chapter 11: Physical Background (pp. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 305-306) Cambridgeshire County Council (retrieved 19 July 2007)
- ^ Historical Weather for Wittering Weatherbase (retrieved 27 September 2007)
- ^ Brown (p. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 301)
- ^ Brown (p. 304)
- ^ Blatch, James Home of the Harrier BBC News, 21 April 1999 11:19 BST
- ^ The City of Peterborough (Electoral Changes) Order 2003 (SI 2003/161) and The City of Peterborough (Electoral Changes) (Amendment) Order 2004 (SI 2004/721), see Boundary Committee for England report to the Electoral Commission Final Recommendations on the Future Electoral Arrangements for Peterborough, July 2002
- ^ Clegg, William General Review of Parliamentary Constituency boundaries in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Assistant Commissioner's report to the Chairman and Members of the Boundary Commission for England, 18 March 2004 and Final Recommendations for Parliamentary Constituencies in the Counties of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Boundary Commission for England, 19 January 2005
- ^ Britain, David Surviving Estuary English: Innovation diffusion, koineisation and local dialect differentiation in the English Fenland Essex Research Reports in Linguistics, vol. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Western European Summer Time ( WEST) is a summer Daylight saving time scheme 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. The Boundary Committee for England is an independent body in England responsible for defining borders for local elections and for conducting reviews of local government areas The Electoral Commission is a Non-departmental public body with powers in the United Kingdom, which was created by an Act of Parliament, the Political Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 41 (pp. 74-103) University of Essex, Department of Language and Linguistics, 2002
- ^ Town Twinning - International Links Peterborough City Council (retrieved 24 April 2007)
Bibliography
- Banham, John Final Recommendations for the Future Local Government of Cambridgeshire HMSO, London, 1994
- Banham, John Final Recommendations on the Future Local Government of Basildon & Thurrock, Blackburn & Blackpool, Broxtowe, Gedling & Rushcliffe, Dartford & Gravesham, Gillingham & Rochester upon Medway, Exeter, Gloucester, Halton & Warrington, Huntingdonshire & Peterborough, Northampton, Norwich, Spelthorne and the Wrekin HMSO, London, 1995
- Beckett, John V. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Sir John Banham is a British business leader He is currently chairman of Whitbread, a major brewer City Status in the British Isles, 1830–2002 Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, 2005 (ISBN 0-75465-067-7)
- Bennett, Jack Arthur Walter Middle English Literature (ed. and completed by Douglas Gray) Oxford University Press, 1986 (ISBN 0-1981-2214-4)
- Brandon, David and Knight, John Peterborough Past: The City and The Soke Phillimore & Co. , Chichester, 2001 (ISBN 1-86077-184-X)
- Chisholm, Hugh (ed. ) Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed. , 28 vols. ) Cambridge University Press, 1911 (text in the public domain)
- Colpi, Terry The Italian Factor: The Italian Community in Great Britain Mainstream Publishing, Edinburgh, 1991 (ISBN 1-85158-344-0)
- Davies, Elizabeth et al. Peterborough: A Story of City and Country, People and Places Peterborough City Council and Pitkin Unichrome, 2001 (ISBN 1-84165-050-1)
- Grainger, Margaret A Descriptive Catalogue of the John Clare Collection Peterborough Museum and Art Gallery, 1973 (ISBN 0-90410-800-7)
- Hancock, Henry Drummond Report and Proposals for the East Midlands General Review Area (LGCE Report No. 3) HMSO, London, 1961
- Hancock, Henry Drummond Report and Proposals for the Lincolnshire and East Anglia General Review Area (LGCE Report No. 9) HMSO, London, 1965
- Hancock, Tom Greater Peterborough Master Plan Peterborough Development Corporation, 1971
- Ingram, James Henry (trans. ) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1823 (1847 Everyman's Library ed. with additional readings from the translation of John Allen Giles)
- King, Richard John Handbook to the Cathedrals of England John Murray, London, 1862
- Labrum, Edward A. Civil Engineering Heritage: Eastern and Central England Thomas Telford, London, 1994 (ISBN 0-7277-1970-X)
- Leatham, Victoria Burghley: The Life of a Great House The Herbert Press, London, 1992 (ISBN 1-87156-947-8)
- Matthew, Henry Colin Gray and Harrison, Brian Howard (eds. Henry Colin Gray Matthew ( 15 January 1941 – 29 October 1999) an historian was the first editor of the Oxford Dictionary of National Professor Sir Brian Harrison (b July 9, 1937) was the editor of Oxford Dictionary of National Biography from January 2000 to September 2004 ) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (60 vols. ) Oxford University Press in association with the British Academy, 2004–2006 (ISBN 0-19861-411-X)
- Mellows, William Thomas (ed. ) The Peterborough Chronicle of Hugh Candidus (trans. ) Peterborough Museum Society, 1941
- Newton, David Men of Mark: Makers of East Midland Allied Press Emap, Peterborough, 1977 (ISBN 0-95059-540-3)
- Parthey, Gustav and Pinder, Moritz (eds. ) Itinerarivm Antonini Avgvsti et Hierosolymitanum: ex libris manu scriptis Friederich Nicolaus, Berlin, 1848
- Pryor, Francis Flag Fen: Life and Death of a Prehistoric Landscape Tempus Publishing, Stroud, 2005 (ISBN 0-7524-2900-0)
- Rhodes, John The Nene Valley Railway Turntable Publications, Sheffield, 1976 (ISBN 0-90284-460-1)
- Salter, Mike The Castles of East Anglia Folly Publications, Malvern, 2001 (ISBN 1-87173-145-3)
- Skinner, Julia (with particular reference to the work of Robert Cook) Did You Know? Peterborough: A Miscellany The Francis Frith Collection, Salisbury, 2006 (ISBN 1-84589-263-1)
- Sweeting, Walter Debenham The Cathedral Church of Peterborough: A Description of its Fabric and a Brief History of the Episcopal See G. Bell & Sons, London, 1898 (1926 reprint of the 2nd ed. of Bell's Cathedrals)
- Tebbs, Herbert F. Peterborough: A History The Oleander Press, Cambridge, 1979 (ISBN 0-900891-30-0)
- Turner, Roger Capability Brown and the Eighteenth Century English Landscape Phillimore & Co. , Chichester, 1999 (ISBN 1-86077-114-9)
- Youngs, Frederic A. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England (2 vols. ) The Offices of the Royal Historical Society, University College London, 1991 (ISBN 0-86193-127-0)
See also
- Soke of Peterborough
- Anglican Diocese of Peterborough
- Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)
- Local government in Peterborough
- Peterborough Development Corporation
- Opportunity Peterborough
External links
- Peterborough City Council
- Opportunity Peterborough
- Peterborough PCT
- Peterborough Hospitals NHS Trust
- Peterborough Regional College
- Peterborough Today
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