| Peter Stuyvesant | |
 Painting of Peter Stuyvesant, c. 1660 |
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| In office 1647 – 1664 |
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| Preceded by | Willem Kieft |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
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| Born | 1592, 1602, or 1612 Peperga, Dutch Republic |
| Died | August 1672 New York, Province of New York |
Peter Stuyvesant (also Pieter or Petrus) (c. This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland ( Nieuw Nederland For the Dutch footballer named Willem (Wim Kieft see Wim Kieft Willem Kieft (September 1597 Amsterdam - September 1647 was a Weststellingwerf ( is a Municipality in the province of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The City of New York The Province of New York (1664-1776 (Provincie New York resulted from the capture of the Dutch Republic colony of Provincie Nieuw-Nederland by the 1612 – August 1672) served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland ( Nieuw Nederland This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast He was a major figure in the early history of New York City. The history of New York City begins with its Lenape inhabitants prior to the arrival of Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 and continues with its founding
Stuyvesant's accomplishments as director-general included a great expansion for the settlement of New Amsterdam (later renamed New York) beyond the southern tip of Manhattan. New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City. The City of New York Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Among the projects built by Stuyvesant's administration were the protective wall on Wall Street, the canal that became Broad Street, and Broadway. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. Broadway, as the name implies is a wide avenue in New York City.
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Biography
He was born in Peperga, in southern Friesland in the Netherlands, to Balthazar Johannes Stuyvesant, a minister, and Margaretha Hardenstein. Weststellingwerf ( is a Municipality in the province of Friesland in the northern Netherlands. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs The year of Peter's birth is not known and is given as 1592,[1] 1602,[2] and 1612. [3] He studied in Franeker, and joined the West India Company about 1635, and was director of the Dutch West India Company's colony of Curaçao from 1642 to 1644. Franeker (Frjentsjer is one of the eleven cities of Friesland and capital of the municipality of Franekeradeel. Dutch West India Company ( Dutch: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie or GWC; English: Chartered West India Company was a company of Curaçao (ˈkjuːrəsaʊ in English Dutch: Curaçao, Papiamento: Kòrsou) is an Island in the southern Caribbean Sea,
In April 1644, he attacked the Spanish-held island of Saint Martin and was wounded. Saint Martin is a tropical Island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km (186 miles east of Puerto Rico. He returned to the Netherlands, where his right leg was amputated and replaced with a wooden peg. A " pegleg " is a type of Artificial limb ( Prosthesis) Supposedly, Stuyvesant was given the nickname "Old Peg Leg" because he used a stick of wood driven full of silver bands as a prosthetic limb. In Medicine, a prosthesis (plural prostheses) is an Artificial extension that replaces a missing Body part. [4]
In May of 1645 he was selected by the Dutch West India Company to replace Willem Kieft as Director-General of New Netherland. Dutch West India Company ( Dutch: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie or GWC; English: Chartered West India Company was a company of For the Dutch footballer named Willem (Wim Kieft see Wim Kieft Willem Kieft (September 1597 Amsterdam - September 1647 was a This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland ( Nieuw Nederland He arrived in New Amsterdam on May 11, 1647. New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople In September 1647, he appointed a council of representatives.
He married Judith Bayard (c. 1610-1687) in 1645. She was born in the Netherlands, the sister of Samuel Bayard of Amsterdam, who was married to Anna Stuyvesant. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Peter and Judith had a son, Nicholas William Stuyvesant (1648-1698), who married Maria Beckman, the daughter of William Beckman.
Stuyvesant became involved in a dispute with Theophilus Eaton, the Governor of Connecticut, over the border of the two colonies. Theophilus Eaton (1590 &ndash January 7, 1658) was a merchant farmer and Puritan colonial leader who was the co-founder and first governor of New Colonial governors See also List of colonial governors of Connecticut Governors of the State of Connecticut 1776&ndashpresent In 1648, a conflict started between him and Brant Arent Van Slechtenhorst, the commissary of the fort of Rensselaerwyck. Rensselaerswyck is the name of a colonial estate (specifically a Dutch-American Patroonship owned by the Van Rensselaer family that was located in what is now New York Stuyvesant claimed he had power over Rensselaerwyck despite special privileges granted to Van Slechtenhorst in the charter of 1629.
In 1649, Stuyvesant marched to Fort Orange with a military escort and ordered houses to be razed to permit a better defense of the fort in case of an attack of the Native Americans. Fort Orange (Fort Oranje was the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States When Van Slechtenhorst refused, Pieter sent a group of soldiers to enforce his orders. The controversy that followed resulted in the commissary maintaining his rights and the director losing popularity. Because of the controversy with Van Slechtenhorst, the States-General of the Netherlands commanded Stuyvesant to return to the Netherlands; but Stuyvesant refused to obey, saying, "I shall do as I please. The States-General ( Staten-Generaal) is the Parliament of the Netherlands. "
In September 1650, a meeting of the commissioners on boundaries took place in Hartford, Connecticut. The border was arranged to the dissatisfaction of the council, who declared that "the governor had ceded away enough territory to found fifty colonies each fifty miles square. " Stuyvesant then threatened to dissolve the council. A new plan of municipal government was arranged in the Netherlands, and the name "New Amsterdam" was officially declared on 2 February 1653. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Stuyvesant made a speech for the occasion, saying that his authority would remain undiminished.
Peter was now ordered to the Netherlands a second time, but the order was soon revoked on the declaration of war with England. Stuyvesant prepared against an attack by ordering the citizens to dig a ditch from the North River to the East River and to erect a fortification. The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end
In 1653, a convention of two deputies from each village in New Netherland demanded reforms, and Stuyvesant commanded this assembly to disperse, saying: "We derive our authority from God and the company, not from a few ignorant subjects. "
In 1655, he sailed into the Delaware River with a fleet of seven vessels and about 700 men and took possession of the colony of New Sweden, which he renamed "New Amstel". The Delaware River is a river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. New Sweden ( Nya Sverige in Swedish and Uusi-Ruotsi in Finnish) was a small Swedish settlement along the Delaware River In his absence, New Amsterdam was attacked by Native Americans.
In 1657 Stuyvesant, who did not tolerate full religious freedom in the colony, and especially the presence of Quakers, ordered the public torture of Robert Hodgson, a 23-year-old Quaker convert who had become an influential preacher. Stuyvesant then made an ordinance, punishable by fine and imprisonment, against anyone found guilty of harboring Quakers. This action led to a protest from the citizens of Flushing, Queens, which came to be known as the Flushing Remonstrance, considered by some a precursor to the United States Constitution's provision on freedom of religion in the Bill of Rights. Flushing, founded in 1645 is a neighborhood in the north central part of the City of New York borough of Queens, ten miles (16 km east of Manhattan The Flushing Remonstrance was a 1657 Colonial American Petition to Peter Stuyvesant, the Governor of the Dutch colony of New Netherland The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Freedom of religion is the freedom of an individual or community in public or private to manifest religion or belief in teaching practice worship and observance In the United States the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known
In 1664, Charles II of England ceded to his brother, James II of England, a large tract of land that included New Netherland. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast Four English ships bearing 450 men, commanded by Richard Nicolls, seized the Dutch colony. Richard Nicolls (born 1624 in Ampthill, Bedfordshire; died May 28, 1672 on the North Sea, off Suffolk) was the first British On 30 August 1664, George Cartwright sent the governor a letter demanding surrender. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and He promised "life, estate, and liberty to all who would submit to the king's authority. " Stuyvesant signed a treaty at his Bouwerij house on 9 September 1664. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Nicolls was declared governor, and the city was renamed New York City. The City of New York
In 1665, Stuyvesant went to the Netherlands to report on his term as governor. On his return, he spent the remainder of his life on his farm of sixty-two acres outside the city, called the Great Bouwerie, beyond which stretched the woods and swamps of the village of Haarlem. A pear-tree that he reputedly brought from the Netherlands in 1647 remained at the corner of Thirteenth Street and Third Avenue until 1867, bearing fruit almost to the last. The house was destroyed by fire in 1777. He also built an executive mansion of stone called Whitehall. The name Whitehall in the context of Manhattan originally referred to Peter Stuyvesant 's grand residence at the southern tip of Manhattan Island a name given to it He died in August of 1672 and he was interred at St Mark's Church in-the-Bowery in Manhattan New York. St Mark's Church in-the-Bowery, also known as St-Marks-In-The-Bowery, at 131 East 10th Street is located at the intersection of 10th and Stuyvesant Streets and 2nd Avenue
Legacy
- Stuyvesant was a great believer in education. In 1660 he was quoted as saying that “Nothing is of greater importance than the early instruction of youth”. In 1661, New Amsterdam had one grammar school, two free elementary schools, and had licensed 28 masters of school. To honor Stuyvesant's dedication to education and New Amsterdam's legal-cultural tradition of toleration under Stuyvesant, Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan was named after him, in spite of his initial objections to the arrival, in 1654, of a large group of Sephardim from Dutch Brazil without West India Company passports. Stuyvesant High School ( IPA: /ˈstаɪvɛsənt/ commonly referred to as Stuy ( IPA: /ˈstаɪ/ is a New York City Public high school Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Stuyvesant High School was a predominantly Jewish school for boys at the time of its founding in 1904. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************
- Stuyvesant and his family were large land owners in the northeastern portion of New Amsterdam, and the Stuyvesant name is currently associated with the Stuyvesant Town housing complex and Stuyvesant High School (where he is fondly known as "Pegleg Pete" and the football team is called the Peglegs in his honor), among other locations. Peter Cooper Village —Stuyvesant Town is a large private residential development on the East Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City Stuyvesant High School ( IPA: /ˈstаɪvɛsənt/ commonly referred to as Stuy ( IPA: /ˈstаɪ/ is a New York City Public high school This farm, called the "Bouwerij" (the seventeenth-century Dutch word for farm, which was also used for other farms in New Netherland) was the source for the name of the Manhattan street Bowery, and the chapel facing Bouwerie's long approach road (now Stuyvesant Street) developed into St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery. Bowery (ˈbaʊɚi or /ˈbaʊri/ is the name of a street and a small neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Stuyvesant Street is one of the oldest streets in the New York City borough of Manhattan. St Mark's Church in-the-Bowery, also known as St-Marks-In-The-Bowery, at 131 East 10th Street is located at the intersection of 10th and Stuyvesant Streets and 2nd Avenue Stuyvesant's grand official residence at the very tip of Manhattan was renamed "Whitehall" by the English and survives in another New York street name, Whitehall Street. The name Whitehall in the context of Manhattan originally referred to Peter Stuyvesant 's grand residence at the southern tip of Manhattan Island a name given to it A street name or odonym is an identifying name given to a Street.
- More modestly, Peter Island in the British Virgin Islands is also named after Stuyvesant during the Dutch West India Company's administration of that Territory. Peter Island is a private island located in the British Virgin Islands, about 5 The British Virgin Islands ( BVI) is a British overseas territory, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. Also named after him are the hamlets of Stuyvesant and Stuyvesant Falls in Columbia County, New York, where descendents of the early Dutch settlers still live and where the Dutch Reformed Church is still an important part of the community.
- Stuyvesant is credited with introducing tea to the American colonies. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market
- The last direct descendant of Pieter Stuyvesant to bear his surname was Augustus van Horne Stuyvesant, Jr. , who died a bachelor in 1953 at the age of 83 in his Cass Gilbert-designed mansion at 2 East 79th Street. Cass Gilbert ( November 29, 1859 &ndash May 17, 1934) was a pioneering American Architect. Rutherford Stuyvesant, the 19th century New York developer, and his descendants are also descended from Pieter Stuyvesant. However, Rutherford Stuyvesant changed his name from Stuyvesant Rutherford in 1863 to satisfy the terms of a will. [2] Other descendants of Stuyvesant include Hamilton Fish governor of New York and Tom Kean governor of New Jersey and musician Loudon Wainwright III, and his son Rufus Wainwright. See Hamilton Fish (disambiguation for others with the same name Hamilton Fish ( August 3, 1808 September 7, The Governor of New York is the head of the Executive branch of New York 's government and the Commander-in-chief of the state's military Thomas Howard Kean (born April 21, 1935 in New York City) is an American Republican Party Politician, who served as the The Governor of New Jersey is the Chief executive of the US state of New Jersey. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Loudon Snowden Wainwright III (born September 5, 1946) is an American Songwriter, Folk singer, Humorist, and Descendants of Pieter Stuyvesant's sister included Congressman James A. Bayard, actor Michael Douglas, and poet Harry Crosby. James Asheton Bayard ( July 28, 1767 &ndash August 6, 1815) was an American Lawyer and Politician from Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American Actor and producer, primarily in Movies and Television Harry Crosby ( June 4, 1898 &ndash December 10, 1929) was an American heir Bon vivant, Poet, and for some
- In Albany, New York there is a shopping center named Stuyvesant Plaza. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County.
- The Stuyvesant Yacht Club is located on City Island, Bronx, New York. City Island is a small Island approximately 15 mi (24 km long by.
Popular uses of Stuyvesant's name
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- A cigarette brand by American Tobacco is named Peter Stuyvesant. The American Tobacco Company was founded in 1890 by J B Duke as a merger between a number of Tobacco manufacturers including Allen and Ginter and These cigarettes are popular in Australia, Greece and South Africa, where they are known as 'Stuyves'. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
- In Sid Meier's Colonization computer game, Stuyvesant can be elected to the Continental Congress, allowing the player to build Custom Houses which automate trade with the mother country. Colonization is a Computer game by Brian Reynolds and Sid Meier released by Microprose in 1994
In musical theatre
Peter Stuyvesant is a major character in the 1938 Kurt Weill-Maxwell Anderson musical Knickerbocker Holiday. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Kurt Julian Weill ( March 2, 1900 &ndash April 3, James Maxwell Anderson ( 15 December 1888 &ndash 28 February 1959) better known as Maxwell Anderson, was a Pulitzer Prize Knickerbocker Holiday is a Broadway musical written by Kurt Weill (music and Maxwell Anderson (book and lyrics it was directed He is the villain of the piece. He sings the famous September Song in the show. " September Song " is an American Pop standard composed by Kurt Weill, with lyrics by Maxwell Anderson. In the stage production he was portrayed by Walter Huston; in the much-altered 1944 film version he was portrayed by Charles Coburn in his only singing role. Walter Huston ( April 6 1884 &ndash April 7 1950) was an Academy Award -winning Canadian -born American actor Charles Douville Coburn ( June 19, 1877 &ndash August 30, 1961) was an Academy Award -winning American Film and
Footnotes
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition
- ^ Appleton's Cyclopedia
- ^ [1] (in Dutch). The birth year is often given as 1592, but recent research of primary sources suggest 1612 to be more probable.
- ^ Peter Stuyvesant, 1646-1664. Jersey City: Past and Present Project. Retrieved on 2006-11-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi
References
- Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition (1911). Peter Stuyvesant.
- Peabody, Michael D. (Nov/Dec 2005). "The Flushing Remonstrance". Liberty Magazine.
- Abbott, John S. C. [1898] (2004). Peter Stuyvesant, the Last Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam.
External links
| Preceded by Willem Kieft |
Director-General of New Netherland 1647–1664 |
Succeeded by Richard Nicolls as Governor of the Province of New York |
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