Illustration of Peter Pan playing the pipes, from the novel Peter and Wendy published in 1911

Peter Pan is a character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie (1860–1937). Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Sir James Matthew Barrie 1st Baronet OM ( 9 May, 1860 &ndash 19 June, 1937) more commonly known as J Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A mischievous boy who flies and magically refuses to grow up, Peter Pan spends his never-ending childhood adventuring on the small island of Neverland as the leader of his gang the Lost Boys, interacting with fairies and pirates, and from time to time meeting ordinary children from the world outside. Ageing or aging (American English is the accumulation of changes in an organism Neverland (also called Never-Never-Land, Never Land and other variations is the Island and dream world featured in the play Peter Peter Pan's Lost Boys are characters in J M Barrie 's play Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up and subsequent adaptations and extensions A fairy (also fay, fey, fae, faerie; collectively wee folk, good folk, people of peace, fair Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering In addition to two distinct works by Barrie, the character has been featured in a variety of media and merchandise.

History

Peter Pan first appeared in a section of The Little White Bird, a 1902 novel for adults. The Little White Bird is a novel by J M Barrie, published in 1902 ranging in tone from fantasy and whimsy to social comedy with dark aggressive undertones Following the highly successful debut of the play about Peter Pan in 1904, Barrie's publishers, Hodder and Stoughton, extracted chapters 13-18 of The Little White Bird and republished them in 1906 under the title Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, with the addition of illustrations by Arthur Rackham. Arthur Rackham ( 19 September 1867 &ndash 6 September 1939) was a prolific English book illustrator ^[1]

The character's best-known adventure debuted on 27 December 1904, in the stage play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on A play, or stageplay, is a form of Literature written by a Playwright, almost always consisting of Dialogue between Fictional characters Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up and Peter and Wendy are the stage play and novel (respectively which tell the well-known story of This story was adapted and expanded somewhat as a novel, published in 1911 as Peter and Wendy, and later as Peter Pan and Wendy. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up and Peter and Wendy are the stage play and novel (respectively which tell the well-known story of

Peter Pan has appeared in numerous adaptations, sequels, and prequels since then, including the widely known 1953 animated feature film Walt Disney's Peter Pan, various stage musicals, live-action feature films Hook (1991) and Peter Pan (2003), and the authorized sequel novel Peter Pan in Scarlet (2006). Peter Pan is an animated feature film produced by Walt Disney based on the play Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up by See also Hook (video game Hook is a 1991 family Fantasy film directed by Steven Spielberg. Peter Pan is a Film released on December 25, 2003, by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures and Revolution Studios Peter Pan in Scarlet is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean. It is an official sequel to J He has also appeared in works not authorized by the holders of the character's copyright, which has lapsed in most parts of the world

Major stories

Of the many stories written about Peter Pan, several have gained widespread notability. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for See Works based on Peter Pan for a list of books, films, etc. See also Peter Pan Peter Pan, his fellow characters, and the setting of Neverland have appeared in many works since the original featuring these and other Peter Pan stories.

• Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens - Infant Peter flies from his home, makes friends with fairies, and takes up residence in Kensington Gardens. Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens is a novel by James M Barrie, published in 1906 it is one of four major literary works by Barrie featuring the widely known A 'book-within-a-book' first published in Barrie's The Little White Bird. The Little White Bird is a novel by J M Barrie, published in 1902 ranging in tone from fantasy and whimsy to social comedy with dark aggressive undertones
• Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up / Peter and Wendy - Peter brings Wendy and her brothers to Neverland, where he has a climactic showdown with his nemesis Captain Hook. Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up and Peter and Wendy are the stage play and novel (respectively which tell the well-known story of Originally told in Barrie's stage play and novel, and repeatedly adapted in various media.
• Hook - Peter has grown up, forgotten about his life in Neverland, and has a wife and children of his own. See also Hook (video game Hook is a 1991 family Fantasy film directed by Steven Spielberg. Captain Hook abducts his children to lure Peter back for a final duel to the death. A film by Steven Spielberg. Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer.
• Return to Never Land - Wendy's daughter Jane is taken to Neverland by Captain Hook, but Peter saves her and asks her to be the Lost Boys' new 'mother'. Return to Never Land (also known as Peter Pan Return to Never Land) is a 2002 Animated feature produced by the DisneyToons A film by Disney.
• Peter and the Starcatchers, Peter and the Shadow Thieves, Peter and the Secret of Rundoon - Decades before meeting Wendy, Peter leaves a London orphanage for a series of adventures which offer an origin story for Captain Hook, fairies, his abilities, and the Lost Boys. Peter and the Starcatchers is a best-selling Children's novel that was published by Hyperion Books, a subsidiary of Disney, in 2004 Peter and the Shadow Thieves is a Children's novel that was published by Hyperion Books, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, in 2006 Peter and the Secret of Rundoon is a Children's novel that was published by Hyperion Books, a subsidiary of Disney, in 2007 Creation mythIn comic book terminology, an origin story is an account or Back-story revealing how a character or team gained their superpowers or the circumstances Novels by Dave Barry and Ridley Pearson. David "Dave" Barry (born July 3, 1947) is a bestselling American author and Pulitzer Prize -winning columnist who wrote a nationally Ridley Pearson, born on March 13, 1953 in Glen Cove New York, is an American writer
• Peter Pan in Scarlet - Wendy, John, and most of the Lost Boys return to Neverland, where Peter has begun to take Captain Hook's place. Peter Pan in Scarlet is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean. It is an official sequel to J A novel by Geraldine McCaughrean, an official sequel to Peter and Wendy. Geraldine McCaughrean (pronounced "Muh- cork -ran" (born 6 June 1951) is a British children's novelist.

Appearance

Barrie never described Peter's appearance in detail, even in the novel Peter and Wendy, leaving much of it to the imagination of the reader and the interpretation of anyone adapting the character. Barrie mentions in "Peter And Wendy" that Peter Pan still had all of his first teeth. He describes him as a beautiful boy with a beautiful smile, 'clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that flow from trees'. In the play, Peter's outfit is made of autumn leaves and cobwebs.

Traditionally the character has been played on stage by an adult woman (a decision driven primarily by the difficulty of casting actors even younger than the one playing Peter for the other children) so the presentation of the character on stage has never been implied to be how he 'really' looks.

In Peter Pan in Scarlet, Geraldine McCaughrean adds to the description of his appearance, mentioning his blue eyes, and saying that his hair is light (or at least any colour lighter than black). Peter Pan in Scarlet is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean. It is an official sequel to J Geraldine McCaughrean (pronounced "Muh- cork -ran" (born 6 June 1951) is a British children's novelist. In this novel, Neverland has moved on to autumn, so Peter wears a tunic of jay feathers and maple leaves, rather than his summertime garb. In the 'Starcatcher' stories written by Dave Barry and Ridley Pearson, Peter has carrot-orange hair and bright blue eyes. Peter and the Starcatchers is a best-selling Children's novel that was published by Hyperion Books, a subsidiary of Disney, in 2004 David "Dave" Barry (born July 3, 1947) is a bestselling American author and Pulitzer Prize -winning columnist who wrote a nationally Ridley Pearson, born on March 13, 1953 in Glen Cove New York, is an American writer

In the Disney films, Peter wears an outfit that's easier to animate, consisting of a short-sleeved green tunic and tights apparently made of cloth, and a cap with a feather in it. He has pointed elf-like ears, and his hair is orangish brown. An elf is a creature of Norse mythology. The elves were originally imagined as a race of minor nature and fertility gods, who are often pictured as youthful-seeming In the live-action 2003 film, he is portrayed by Jeremy Sumpter, who has brownish blond hair and green eyes, and his outfit is made of leaves and vines. Peter Pan is a Film released on December 25, 2003, by Universal Pictures, Columbia Pictures and Revolution Studios Jeremy Robert Myron Sumpter (born February 5, 1989) is an American Actor. In Hook, he appears as an adult as Robin Williams with dark brown hair, but in flashbacks to his youth his hair is more orangish. See also Hook (video game Hook is a 1991 family Fantasy film directed by Steven Spielberg. Robin McLaurim Williams (born July 21 1951 or 1952 is an American television stage and film actor and Comedian who has won an Academy Award for his performance In this film his ears appear pointed only when he is 'Peter Pan', not 'Peter Banning'; his Pan clothing resembles the Disney outfit.

Age

Statue of Peter Pan in London

Statue of Peter Pan in Kirriemuir

Ironically, the 'boy who wouldn't grow up' has appeared at a variety of ages. Kirriemuir, sometimes called Kirrie, is a Burgh in Angus, Scotland. In his original appearance in The Little White Bird he was only seven days old. Although his age is not stated in Barrie's later play and novel, his characterization is clearly years older. The book states that he has all of his baby teeth, and Barrie's intended model for the statue of Peter that was erected in Kensington Gardens was a set of photos of Michael Llewelyn Davies taken at the age of 6. See also Deciduous. "Baby teeth" redirects here For the band of that name see Baby Teeth (band. See also Kensington Gardens South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide, Australia Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington Michael Llewelyn Davies ( 16 June 1900 - 19 May 1921) was the fourth (second youngest son of Arthur and Sylvia Llewelyn Early illustrations of the character generally appeared to be that age or perhaps a few years older. In the 1953 Disney adaptation and its 2002 sequel, Peter appears to be in late childhood, between 10 and 13 years old. (The actor who provided the voice in 1953 was 15-year-old Bobby Driscoll. Bobby Driscoll ( March 3 1937 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa – March 30 1968 in New York City) was an Academy ) In the 2003 film, Jeremy Sumpter was 13 at the time filming started, but by the end of filming he was 14 and had grown several inches taller. Jeremy Robert Myron Sumpter (born February 5, 1989) is an American Actor. In the movie Hook, Peter is said to have left Neverland many years earlier, forsaking his eternal youth and aging normally. See also Hook (video game Hook is a 1991 family Fantasy film directed by Steven Spielberg. When Peter says "I remember you being a lot bigger," Hook answers, "to a 10-year-old I'm huge. " He is portrayed by 40-year-old Robin Williams, and has two children, played by actors 7 and 13 years old. Robin McLaurim Williams (born July 21 1951 or 1952 is an American television stage and film actor and Comedian who has won an Academy Award for his performance

Personality

Peter is mainly an exaggerated stereotype of a boastful and careless boy. He is quick to point out how great he is, even when such claims are questionable (such as when he congratulates himself for Wendy's successful reattachment of his shadow).

Peter has a nonchalant, devil-may-care attitude, and is fearlessly cocky when it comes to putting himself in danger. Barrie writes that when Peter thought he was going to die on Marooner's Rock, he felt scared, yet he felt only one shudder run through him when any other person would've felt scared up until death. With his blissful unawareness of the tragedy of death, he says, 'To die will be an awfully big adventure'.

In some variations of the story and some spin-offs, Peter can also be quite nasty and selfish. In the Disney adaptation of the tale, Peter appears very judgmental and pompous (for example, he called the Lost Boys 'blockheads' and when the Darling children say that they should leave for home at once, he gets the wrong message and angrily assumes that they want to grow up). Peter Pan is an animated feature film produced by Walt Disney based on the play Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up by

In the 2003 live-action film, Peter Pan is sensitive about the subject of 'growing up'. When confronted by Hook about Wendy growing up, marrying and eventually 'shutting the window' on Peter, he becomes very depressed and finally refuses to fight.

Abilities

Peter's archetypal ability is his refusal to grow up. Barrie did not explain how he was able to do this. Author Kevin Orlin Johnson argues that the Pan stories are in the German-English tradition of the Totenkindergeschichte (roughly, "tales of the death of children"), and the idea that Peter and all of the lost boys are dead in a Neverland afterlife is consistent with that genre, and rooted in Barrie's own life story. The unauthorized prequels by Barry and Pearson attribute Peter's everlasting youth to his exposure to starstuff, a magical substance which has fallen to earth.

Peter's ability to fly is explained somewhat, but inconsistently. In The Little White Bird he is able to fly because he – like all babies – is part bird. In the play and novel, he teaches the Darling children to fly using a combination of happy thoughts and fairy dust; it is unclear whether he is serious about 'happy thoughts' being required (since they're not mentioned again), or whether he requires the fairy dust himself. In Hook, the adult Peter is unable to fly until he remembers his 'happy thought'. The ability to fly is also attributed to starstuff – apparently the same thing as fairy dust – in the Starcatcher prequels.

Peter has an effect on the whole of Neverland and its inhabitants when he is there. Barrie states that the island wakes up when he returns from his trip to London. In the chapter 'The Mermaid Lagoon' in Peter and Wendy, Barrie writes that there is almost nothing that Peter cannot do. He is a skilled swordsman, rivaling even Captain Hook, whose hand he cut off in a duel. Swordsman redirects here For the comic book characters see Swordsman (comics. He has remarkably keen vision and hearing. He is skilled in mimicry, copying the voice of Hook, and the tick tock of the Crocodile.

In Peter Pan in Scarlet, there are various mentions of Peter's ability to imagine things into existence, such as food. He also creates various windows/doors to places in Neverland. He also is said to be able to feel danger when it's near. He is the only person on the island who can understand the language of the fairies. In Peter Pan in Scarlet, it says that when Curly's puppy licks Peter, it licks off a lot of fairy dust, suggesting that Peter generates it himself.

In Peter and Wendy, Barrie states that the Peter Pan legend Mrs Darling heard as a child was that when children died, he accompanied them part of the way to their destination so that they wouldn't be scared.

Relationships

Peter does not know his parents. In Kensington Gardens Barrie wrote that he left them as an infant, and seeing the window closed and a new baby in the house when he returned, he assumed they no longer wanted him. In Starcatchers he is said to be an orphan, though his friends Molly and George discover who his parents are in Rundoon.

Peter is the leader of the Lost Boys, a band of boys who were lost by their parents, and came to live in Neverland. Peter Pan's Lost Boys are characters in J M Barrie 's play Peter Pan or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up and subsequent adaptations and extensions He is friends with Tinker Bell, a common fairy who is often jealously protective of him. Tinker Bell (also known as "Tinkerbell" in common usage is a Real fairy in J

His nemesis is Captain Hook, whose hand he cut off in a duel. "Captain Hook" is also a nickname for former baseball manager Sparky Anderson. Hook's crew, including Smee and Starkey, also consider him a foe. The works of J M Barrie about Peter Pan feature many memorable characters. The Starcatchers books introduce additional foes: Slank, Lord Ombra, and Captain Nerezza.

From time to time Peter visits the real world, particularly around Kensington Gardens, and befriends children there. Wendy Darling, whom he recruited to be his 'mother', is the most significant of them; he also brings her brothers John and Michael to Neverland at her request. Wendy Moira Angela Darling is a fictional Heroine and female Protagonist in the Peter Pan stories by J The works of J M Barrie about Peter Pan feature many memorable characters. The works of J M Barrie about Peter Pan feature many memorable characters. He later befriends Wendy's daughter Jane, and Peter and Wendy says that he will continue this pattern indefinitely. In Starcatchers he previously befriends Molly Aster and young George Darling. The works of J M Barrie about Peter Pan feature many memorable characters. The works of J M Barrie about Peter Pan feature many memorable characters.

Peter appears to be known to all the residents of Neverland, including the Indian princess Tiger Lily and her tribe, the mermaids, and the fairies. The works of J M Barrie about Peter Pan feature many memorable characters.

In popular culture

There are seven statues of Peter Pan playing a set of pipes, cast from a mould by sculptor George Frampton, following an original commission by Barrie in 1912. A statue is a Sculpture in the round representing a person or persons an animal or an event normally full-length as opposed to a bust, and at least close to life-size Sir George James Frampton ( 18 June, 1860 - 21 May, 1928) was a notable British sculptor and leading member of the New Sculpture The statues are in Kensington Gardens in London, England; Liverpool, England; Brussels, Belgium; Camden, New Jersey, United States; Perth, Western Australia; Toronto, Ontario,^[2] Canada; and St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. See also Kensington Gardens South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide, Australia Kensington Gardens, once the private gardens of Kensington London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page St John's (ˌseɪntˈdʒanz French Saint-Jean) is the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada and located on the eastern tip Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A new bronze statue by Diarmuid Byron O'Connor was commissioned by Great Ormond Street Hospital in 2000, showing Peter blowing fairy dust; it was unveiled in 2005 by Countess of Wessex. Diarmuid Byron O'Connor (born December 7, 1964) is a British Fantasy Artist and sculptor. Sophie Countess of Wessex ( née Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 is a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Edward Earl of Wessex A limited edition of it has been created to raise money for the children's charity. ^[3]

Three thoroughbred racehorses have been named Peter Pan, the first born in 1904. The Thoroughbred is a horse breed

Peter Pan peanut butter was renamed in 1928, and features a silhouette of him on the label. Peter Pan is a brand of Peanut butter produced by ConAgra Foods and named after the J A silhouette is a view of some object or scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior with the silhouette usually being black

Peter Pan Bus Lines, founded in 1933, feature the character in their logo, which appears on the sides of their white-and-green buses. Peter Pan Bus Lines is a long-distance Bus carrier that operates in the northeastern states of the United States.

Peter Pan Records is a publisher of audio recordings for children, founded in the 1950s. Peter Pan Records is a Record label specializing in Children's music.

An early 1960s program in which Cuban children were sent unattended to Miami to escape feared mistreatment under the then-new Castro regime was called Operation Peter Pan' or 'Operación Pedro Pan'. Operation Peter Pan (Operación Pedro Pan was an operation coordinated by the United States government, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami, and

The term Peter Pan syndrome was popularized in 1983 by a book with that name, about individuals (usually male) with underdeveloped maturity. Puer Aeternus is Latin for eternal boy and represents a personality associated with youth or immaturity

Peter Pan appears at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as a meetable character, and in the dark ride, Peter Pan's Flight. The term costumed character sometimes refers to a costume that covers the performer's face A dark ride or darkride is an indoor Amusement ride where riders in guided vehicles travel through specially-lit scenes that typically contain Animation WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links --> Peter Pan's Flight is a single-bench (two to three person suspended Dark ride at the

Peter Pan appears in Shrek and Shrek the Third. Shrek is a 2001 computer-animated American Comedy film, directed by Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, and Shrek the Third, released 6 years after the first ''Shrek'' and 3 years after the second ''Shrek'', is a 2007 Animated film, and the Captain Hook appears briefly in Shrek 2 and far more in Shrek the Third. Shrek 2, released in the United States on 19 May 2004, is the 2004 Academy Award nominated Sequel to the Shrek the Third, released 6 years after the first ''Shrek'' and 3 years after the second ''Shrek'', is a 2007 Animated film, and the

The Disney version of Peter Pan appears in House of Mouse, The Lion King 1½, Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse and the Kingdom Hearts video games. Disney's House of Mouse is an American Animated Television series, produced by Walt Disney Television, that originally aired from The Lion King 1½ (also known as The Lion King 3 Hakuna Matata in some countries is an American Direct-to-video Mickey's Magical Christmas Snowed in at the House of Mouse is the first direct-to-video movie spin off from the Disney Channel Animated television is an Action role-playing game developed and published by Squaresoft (now Square Enix) in 2002 for the PlayStation 2 Video game console

Some have considered the flying scene from Peter Pan to be very similar to that from the 1978 film Superman. Superman (also known as Superman The Movie) is a 1978 Superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the In fact, before Superman takes Lois Lane in their famous flight scene, they briefly mention Peter Pan in their conversation. Lois Lane-Kent is the primary love interest in the DC Comics ’ Superman stories

J.R.R.Tolkien's biographer Humphrey Carpenter has speculated that Tolkien's impressions of a production of Barrie's Peter Pan in Birmingham in 1910 "may have had a little to do with" the original conception of Elves of Middle Earth. Humphrey William Bouverie Carpenter ( April 29 1946 – January 4 2005) was an English biographer, Author, and In J R R Tolkien 's Legendarium, an Elf is an individual member of one of the races that inhabit the lands of Arda. ^[4]

All Time Low's song, "Stay Awake (Dreams Only Last For A Night)" was written about Peter Pan

In the popular videogame Ocarina of Time, part of The Legend of Zelda series, the race of the Kokiri as well as the main protagonist Link bear a striking resemblance to Disney's interpretation of Peter Pan wearing green tunics with tights. All Time Low is an American Pop punk band from Lutherville-Timonium Maryland. is an action-adventure Video game developed by Nintendo 's Entertainment Analysis and Development division for the Nintendo 64 Video game is a High fantasy action-adventure Video game series created by Game designer Shigeru Miyamoto and developed and published This is a list of races in ''The Legend of Zelda'' series of Video games Animal tribe The Animal tribe is composed of the The Kokiri also share qualities with the Lost Boys as they never grow older. This is a list of races in ''The Legend of Zelda'' series of Video games Animal tribe The Animal tribe is composed of the The main protagonist Link along with all the Kokiri children bear fairies from birth and Link's fairy Navi is reminiscent of Tinkerbell. This is a list of races in ''The Legend of Zelda'' series of Video games Animal tribe The Animal tribe is composed of the

At the end of Star Trek VI, when asked for a heading (after learning that the Enterprise is to be dicomissioned, Kirk answers "Second star to the right, and straight on 'til morning. Star Trek VI The Undiscovered Country is the sixth feature film based on the Star Trek Science fiction Television series. " This quote is from the Disney animated feature, for it adds the word star. "Second to the right, and straight on 'til morning," is what Peter Pan claimed are the directions to the Neverland.

References

1. ^ Birkin, Andrew (2003). J. M. Barrie & the Lost Boys. Yale University Press, 47. ISBN 0300098227.  
2. ^ in small park on NE corner of Avenue Rd and St. Clair Ave West
3. ^ Diarmuid Byron-O'Connor
4. ^ Carpenter, Humphrey (1977), Tolkien: A Biography, New York: Ballantine Books, ISBN 0-04-928037-6