| Peter III | |
| Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias | |
 Emperor Peter III, 1762 |
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| Reign | January 5, 1762 [O.S. 25b December] – July 9 [O.S. June 28] 1762 |
|---|---|
| Full name | Karl Peter Ulrich |
| Titles | Duke of Holstein-Gottorp King of Finland |
| Born | February 21, 1728 |
| Birthplace | Kiel |
| Died | July 17 [O.S. July 6] 1762 (aged 34) |
| Place of death | Ropsha |
| Buried | exhumed and currently buried at Peter and Paul Cathedral |
| Predecessor | Elizabeth |
| Successor | Catherine II the Great |
| Consort | Sophia Augusta Fredericka of Anhalt-Zerbst (a. Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The following is a list of rulers usually dukes who ruled both Schleswig and Holstein, starting from the first Holstein count who received Schleswig until both provinces were The nation of Finland has never been an enduring independent sovereign Monarchy in the traditional sense of a Nation-state ruled by its own monarch no attempt to Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1728 ( MDCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ropsha (Ропша is a settlement and a nearest suburban region in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated about 20 km south of Peterhof and The Peter and Paul Cathedral is located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St Yelizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́т Петро́вна (December 29 1709 – January 5 1762 (New Style December 18 1709 – December 25 1761 ( Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years k. a. Catherine II the Great) |
| Consort | Catherine The Great |
| Issue | Paul I (Half Son) Anna Petrovna (1757-1759) |
| Dynasty | Romanov |
| Father | Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp |
| Mother | Anna Petrovna of Russia |
Pyotr (Peter) III Fyodorovich (February 21, 1728 – July 17, 1762) (Russian: Пётр III Фëдорович, Pyotr III Fyodorovitch) was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 The House of Romanov (Рома́нов rʌˈmanəf was the second and last imperial Dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917 Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (Karl Friedrich Herzog zu Holstein-Gottorp ( April 30, 1700 - June 18, 1739) was the son of Frederick Anna Petrovna Tsesarevna of Russia (Анна Петровна 27 January 1708, Moscow &ndash 4 March 1728, Kiel Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1728 ( MDCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya According to most historians, he was mentally immature and very pro-Prussian, which made him an unpopular leader. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state He was supposedly assassinated as a result of a conspiracy led by his wife, who succeeded him to the throne as Catherine II. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. In a political sense conspiracy refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years
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Early life and character
Peter was born in Kiel. For the city in the United States, see Kiel Wisconsin. For the name see Kiel (name. His parents were Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (nephew of Charles XII of Sweden) and Anna Petrovna, a daughter of Emperor Peter the Great of Russia and his second wife, Catherine I of Russia. Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp (Karl Friedrich Herzog zu Holstein-Gottorp ( April 30, 1700 - June 18, 1739) was the son of Frederick Anna Petrovna Tsesarevna of Russia (Анна Петровна 27 January 1708, Moscow &ndash 4 March 1728, Kiel Yekaterina (Catherine I Alexeyevna (In Russian: Екатерина I Алексеевна (born Martha Elena Scowronska, Marta Elena Skavronska later His mother died at his birth. In 1739, Peter's father died, and he became Duke of Holstein-Gottorp as Karl Peter Ulrich. See also History of Schleswig-Holstein, List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp is the historiographical He could thus be considered the heir to both thrones (Russia and Sweden). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Age of Liberty (Frihetstiden is the half a century long experiment with a Parliamentary system and increasing Civil Rights in the period from Charles
When Anna's sister Elizabeth became Empress of Russia she brought Peter from Germany to Russia and proclaimed him her heir in the autumn of 1742. Yelizaveta Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́т Петро́вна (December 29 1709 – January 5 1762 (New Style December 18 1709 – December 25 1761 ( Previously in 1742 the 14-year-old Peter was proclaimed King of Finland during the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) when Russian troops held Finland. The attempt to create a Kingdom of Finland in 1742 is a little known chapter in the history of Finland. The Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743, known as the Hats' Russian War in Sweden and the Hats' War in Finland, which resulted in the Lesser This proclamation was based on his succession rights to territories held by his childless great-uncle, the late Charles XII of Sweden who also had been Grand Duke of Finland. Grand Duke of Finland, or more correctly translated Grand Prince of Finland ( Storfurste av Finland Suomen suuriruhtinas was from around 1580 About the same time, in October 1742, he was chosen by the Swedish parliament to become heir to the Swedish throne. The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled However, the Swedish parliament was unaware of the fact that he had also been proclaimed heir to the throne of Russia, and when their envoy arrived in Saint Petersburg it was too late. It has been reported that the underage Peter's succession rights to Sweden were renounced on his behalf (such an act in name of a minor has been regarded as questionable and probably invalid).
Empress Elisabeth arranged for Peter to marry his second cousin, Sophia Augusta Frederica (later Catherine the Great), daughter of Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst and Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Christian August Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst ( Dornburg, 29 November 1690 - Zerbst, 16 March 1747) was a German The young princess formally converted to Russian Orthodoxy and took the name Ekaterina Alexeievna, i. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure e Catherine. The marriage was not a happy one, but produced one son; the future Emperor Paul, and one daughter; Anna Petrovna (20 December 1757 - 19 March 1759). Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Catherine later claimed that Paul was not fathered by Peter. During the sixteen years of their residence in Oranienbaum Catherine took numerous lovers, as did her husband. Oranienbaum (Ораниенба́ум is a Russian royal residence located on the Gulf of Finland west of St
The classical view of Peter's character is contained in the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, dressed in a generous dose of old-time anti-German sentiment:
"Nature had made him mean, the smallpox had made him hideous, and his degraded habits made him loathsome. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica And Peter had all the sentiments of the worst kind of small German prince of the time. He had the conviction that his princeship entitled him to disregard decency and the feelings of others. He planned brutal practical jokes, in which blows had always a share. His most manly taste did not rise above the kind of military interest which has been defined as corporals mania, the passion for uniforms, pipeclay, buttons, the tricks of parade and the froth of discipline. He detested the Russians, and surrounded himself with Holsteiners".
The reign
After Peter gained the throne in 1761, he incurred many nobles' displeasure by withdrawing from the Seven Years' War and making peace with Prussia, in which Russia did not gain anything, in spite of Russia's occupation of Berlin and virtual victory in the war. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. He formed an alliance with Prussia and planned an unpopular war against Denmark in order to restore Schleswig to his Duchy of Holstein-Gottorp. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe It is also claimed that he wanted to force the Russian Orthodox Church to adopt Lutheran practices. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther
During Peter's short reign, Russia saw several minor but important economic reforms that encouraged development of Western-European style capitalism and mercantilism and to move away from Russia's traditional social practices of subjugating peasants and townspeople and reserving leading positions for nobility. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Mercantilism is the idea that a colony should export more goods than it imports and that a colony should sell at higher prices and buy at lower prices He issued an edict abolishing the practice allowing industrialists to purchase serfs as workers for their enterprises. He also forbade the importation of sugar into Russia to stimulate domestic manufacturing.
Peter's major social reform was the introduction of the Liberty for Nobility, abrogating Peter the Great's policy of forcing all male members of Russian nobility to serve in the military or civil service without regard for individual preference for a particular occupation. The Russian Nobility (Дворянство Dvoryanstvo) arose in the 14th century and essentially governed Russia until the October Revolution See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis
Catherine, along with her lover Grigori Orlov, planned to overthrow Peter, as she believed he would divorce her. Orlov ( Орлóв) is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen diplomatists and soldiers The Leib Guard, on which Peter planned to impose harsher discipline, revolted and Peter was arrested and forced to sign his own abdication; Catherine became Empress with the support of most of the nobility. Leib Guard (Ле́йб-гва́рдия from German Leib, meaning body; cf Life Guards) were military units serving as personal guards Shortly thereafter, Peter was killed while in custody at Ropsha. Ropsha (Ропша is a settlement and a nearest suburban region in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated about 20 km south of Peterhof and While Catherine did not punish the responsible guards, doubts remain as to whether she ordered the murder or not.
His weak rule frustrated Catherine, who had many new and modern ideas about how Russia could be ruled. Because of his presumed mental illness, he was physically unable to further the country as his people would have liked. His short reign ended quickly and, as mentioned, was immediately handed over to Catherine the Great, who took his mess of a reign and made it into the Golden Age of Russia.
Aftermath
In December 1796, Peter's son the Emperor Paul, who disliked his mother, arranged for his remains to be exhumed and then reburied with full honors in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, where other tsars were buried. Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801 The Peter and Paul Cathedral is located inside the Peter and Paul Fortress in St
The Cossack peasant Pugachev later claimed to be Peter III (promoting a rumour that Peter had not died, but had secretly been imprisoned by Catherine). The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern Under this guise, he led what came to be known as Pugachev's Rebellion. Pugachev's Rebellion (or the Cossack Rebellion) was the largest peasant Revolt in Russia 's history
There have been many attempts to revise the traditional characterisation of Peter and his policies, which were obviously influenced by his wife's memoirs and other biased accounts. It was during his reign that some of Catherine's reforms were prepared and the nobles were relieved from the burdensome obligation of serving in the army. Most recently, a Harvard historian Carol S. Leonard published a revisionist history of Peter III with her book Reform and Regicide: The Reign of Peter III of Russia.
Ancestry
| Peter III of Russia | Father: Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp |
Paternal Grandfather: Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Christian Albrecht of Holstein-Gottorp |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Frederika Amalia of Denmark |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Hedvig Sophia of Sweden |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Charles XI of Sweden |
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| Paternal Great-grandmother: Ulrike Eleonore of Denmark |
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| Mother: Anna Petrovna of Russia |
Maternal Grandfather: Peter I of Russia |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Alexis I of Russia |
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| Maternal Great-grandmother: Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Catherine I of Russia |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Samuel Skavronsky |
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| Maternal Great-grandmother: Elisabeth Moritz |
See also
External links
- (Russian) The ancestors and descendants Pyotr III Fyodorovitch, Emperor of Russia
- (Russian) Biography of Pyotr III Fyodorovitch
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Emperor Peter III of Russias
Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg
Born: February 21 1728 Died: July 17 1762 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Elisabeth |
Emperor of Russia January 5 – June 28, 1762 |
Succeeded by Catherine II |
| German nobility | ||
| Preceded by Karl Friedrich |
Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp 1739–1762 |
Succeeded by Paul |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | III, Peter |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ulrich, Karl Peter |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Emperor of Russia |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 21, 1728 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kiel |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 17, 1762 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Ropsha |
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