Peter Goldreich (born July 14, 1939) is an American astrophysicist whose research focuses on planetary rings, helioseismology and neutron stars. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Astrophysics is the branch of Astronomy that deals with the Physics of the Universe, including the physical properties ( Luminosity, Helioseismology is the study of the propagation of Pressure waves in the Sun. A neutron star is a type of remnant that can result from the Gravitational collapse of a massive Star during a Type II, Type Ib or Type ^[1] He is currently the Lee DuBridge Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Physics at California Institute of Technology. The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena Since 2005 he has also been a professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. The Institute for Advanced Study, located in Princeton New Jersey, United States is a center for theoretical research See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this ^[2][3] Asteroid 3805 Goldreich is named after him. 3805 Goldreich (1981 DK3 is a Main-belt Asteroid discovered on February 28, 1981 by Bus S ^[4]

Career

Goldreich received a bachelor of science in engineering physics from Cornell in 1960, and obtained a Ph. D. from Cornell university in 1963 under the supervision of Thomas Gold. Thomas Gold ( May 22, 1920 &ndash June 22, 2004) was an Austrian born Astrophysicist, a professor of Astronomy ^[5][6][7][8] In 1963 and 1964 Goldreich was a postdoctoral fellow at Cambridge University. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the ^[9] Goldreich joined the faculty at Caltech in 1966 as an associate professor. The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies ^[10][6] He later became a full professor in 1969 while remaining at Caltech, and in 1981 he became the Lee A. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies DuBridge Professor of Astrophysics & Planetary Physics also at Caltech. ^[6]

Scientific Accomplishments

Goldreich and Alar Toomre first described the process of polar wander in a 1969 paper, although evidence of paleomagnetism was not discovered until later. Alar Toomre is an Estonian born astronomer and mathematician who immigrated to the United States in 1949 ' Polar wander' is the phenomenon in which the North and South Poles of the Earth move with respect to the continents Paleomagnetism is the study of the record of the Earth's magnetic field preserved in various Magnetic Minerals through time ^[11] Goldreich collaborated with George Abell to conclude that planetary nebulae evolved from red giant stars, a view that is now widely accepted. George Ogden Abell ( March 1, 1927 &ndash October 7 1983) was an Astronomer at UCLA. A planetary nebula is an Emission nebula consisting of a glowing shell of Gas and plasma formed by certain types of Stars when they die A red giant is a luminous Giant star of low or intermediate mass (roughly 0 ^[12][13] In 1979 Goldreich, along with Scott Tremaine predicted that Saturn's F ring was maintained by shepherd moons, a prediction that would be confirmed by observations in 1980. Scott Duncan Tremaine (born 1950) is a Canadian -born astrophysicist. A planetary ring is a ring of Cosmic dust and other small particles Orbiting around a Planet in a flat disc-shaped region ^{[14][15][16][17]} They also predicted that Uranus' rings were held in place by similar shepherd moons, a prediction that was confirmed in 1986. ^[18] Goldreich, along with Tremaine predicted planetary migration in 1980, which would later be invoked to explain hot jupiters. Hot Jupiters (also called roasters, epistellar jovians, pegasids or pegasean planets) are a class of Extrasolar planets whose ^[19][20][21]

Awards and Honors

• Woodrow Wilson Honorary Fellowship, 1960-1961^[3]
• Andrew Dixon White Fellowship, 1960-1961^[3]
• National Foundation Fellowship, 1961-1963^[3]
• National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1963-1964^[3]
• Sloan Foundation Fellowship, 1968-1970^[3]
• Elected to National Academy of Sciences, 1972^[22][3]
• Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1973^[3]
• Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society, 1979^[22][3]
• California Scientist of the Year, 1981^[3][23]
• Chapman Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1985^[3]
• Brouwer Award of the Division on Dynamical Astronomy of the American Astronomical Society, 1986^[3]
• Amos de Shalit Lecturer at the Weizmann Institute, 1986^[3]
• Thomas Gold Lecturer at Cornell University, 1987^[3]
• Regents Fellow, Smithsonian Institution, 1988-1990^[3]
• Miller Professorship, University of California, Berkeley, 1990^[3]

The National Medal of Science. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS is an organization dedicated to scholarship and the advancement of learning The Henry Norris Russell Lectureship is awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research The American Astronomical Society (AAS sometimes pronounced "double-A-S" is a US society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS is a Learned society that began as the Astronomical Society of London in 1820 to support astronomical research The Dirk Brouwer Award, usually known as the Brouwer Award is awarded annually by the Division on Dynamical Astronomy of the American Astronomical Society for outstanding The Division on Dynamical Astronomy is a branch of the American Astronomical Society that focuses on the advancement of all aspects of dynamical astronomy including celestial The American Astronomical Society (AAS sometimes pronounced "double-A-S" is a US society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע known as Machon Weizmann is a university and research institute in Rehovot, Israel. Thomas Gold ( May 22, 1920 &ndash June 22, 2004) was an Austrian born Astrophysicist, a professor of Astronomy The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley Peter Goldreich received one in 1995

• Gerard P. Kuiper Prize of the Division for Planetary Science, American Astronomical Society, 1992^[3][24]
• Morris Loeb Lecturer, Harvard University, 1992^[3]
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1993^[22][3][25]

In 1995, Goldreich received the National Medal of Science for "his profound and lasting contributions to planetary sciences and astrophysics, providing fundamental theoretical insights for understanding the rotation of planets, the dynamics of planetary rings, pulsars, astrophysical masers, the spiral arms of galaxies, and the oscillations of the Sun". The Gerard P Kuiper Prize is awarded annually by the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society for outstanding lifetime achievement in The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in Science and Engineering who have made important ^{[22][3][26][27]}

Goldreich was awarded the Grande Médaille of the French Academy of Science in 2006 for his numerous contributions in the field of Astrophysics. The Grande Médaille of the French Academy of Sciences, established in 1997 is awarded annually to a researcher who has contributed decisively to the development of science The French Academy of Sciences ( French: Académie des sciences) is a Learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the ^{[28][8][10][29][30]}

Goldreich received the 2007 Shaw Prize in Astronomy "in recognition of his lifetime achievements in theoretical astrophysics and planetary sciences". The Shaw Prize, established by Sir Run Run Shaw (邵逸夫 b 1907 a leader in the media industry in Hong Kong and a long-time Philanthropist ^[31]

References

External links

• Goldreich's website at the Institute for Advanced Study
• Scholarly Publications by Peter Goldreich