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Peter Ferdinand Drucker
Born November 19, 1909
Kaasgraben, Vienna, Austria
Died November 11, 2005
Claremont, California, US
Occupation Writer, Professor, Management Consultant

Peter Ferdinand Drucker (November 19, 1909–November 11, 2005) was a writer, management consultant, and self-described “social ecologist. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies Management consulting refers to both the industry of and the practice of helping organizations improve their performance primarily through the analysis of existing business problems Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ”[1] Widely considered to be the father of “modern management,” his 39 books and countless scholarly and popular articles explored how humans are organized across all sectors of society—in business, government and the nonprofit world. [2] His writings have predicted many of the major developments of the late twentieth century, including privatization and decentralization; the rise of Japan to economic world power; the decisive importance of marketing; and the emergence of the information society with its necessity of lifelong learning. [3] In 1959, Drucker coined the term “knowledge worker. ”[4]

Contents

Personal life and roots of his philosophy

The son of a high level civil servant in Austria-Hungary – his mother Caroline Bondi had studied medicine and his father Adolph Bertram Drucker was a lawyer – Drucker was born in Vienna, the capital of Austria, in a small village named Kaasgraben (now part of the 19th district of Vienna, Döbling). Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Döbling is the 19th District in the city of Vienna, Austria. He grew up in a home where intellectuals, high government officials and scientists would meet to discuss new ideas and ideals. [5] After Graduating from Döbling Gymnasium, Drucker found few opportunities for employment in post-Habsburg Vienna so he moved to Hamburg, Germany, first working as an apprentice at an established cotton trading company, then as a journalist, writing for the Österreichische Volkswirt (The Austrian Economist). Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Drucker then moved to Frankfurt where he took a job at the Daily Frankfurter General Anzeiger. While in Frankfurt, he also earned a doctorate in international law and public law from the University of Frankfurt in 1931. International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards Among his early influences was the Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter, a friend of his father’s, who impressed upon Drucker the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship. Joseph Alois Schumpeter ( February 8, 1883 &ndash January 8, 1950) was an Economist and Political scientist born in [6] Drucker also was influenced, in a much different way, by John Maynard Keynes, whom he heard lecture in 1934 in Cambridge. John Maynard Keynes 1st Baron Keynes CB (ˈkeɪnz "cains" (5 June 1883 &ndash 21 April 1946 was a British Economist whose ideas “I suddenly realized that Keynes and all the brilliant economic students in the room were interested in the behavior of commodities,” Drucker wrote, “while I was interested in the behavior of people. ”[7]

Indeed, over the next 70 years, Drucker’s writings would be marked by a clear focus on relationships among human beings, as opposed to the crunching of numbers. His books were filled with lessons on how organizations can bring out the best in people, and how workers can find a sense of community and dignity in a modern society organized around large institutions. [8]

As a young writer, Drucker wrote two pieces—one on the conservative German philosopher Friedrich Julius Stahl and another called “The Jewish Question in Germany”—that were burned and banned by the Nazis. [9] In 1933, Drucker left Germany for England. In London, he worked for an insurance company then as the chief economist at a private bank. He also reconnected with Doris Schmitz, an acquaintance from the University of Frankfurt. They married in 1934. (His wedding certificate lists his name as Peter Georg Drucker. [10]) The couple permanently relocated to the United States, where he became a university professor as well as a freelance writer and business consultant. (Drucker disliked the term “guru,” though it was often applied to him; “I have been saying for many years,” Drucker once remarked, “that we are using the word ‘guru’ only because ‘charlatan’ is too long to fit into a headline. )[11]

In 1943, Drucker became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Naturalization is the acquisition of Citizenship or Nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He taught at Bennington College from 1942-1949, then at New York University as a Professor of Management from 1950 to 1971. Bennington College is a nationally recognized liberal arts college located in Bennington Vermont. New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. Drucker came to California in 1971, where he developed one of the country's first executive MBA program for working professionals at Claremont Graduate University (then known as Claremont Graduate School). The Master of Business Administration ( MBA) is a Master's degree in Business administration, which attracts people from a wide range of academic disciplines Claremont Graduate University (CGU is a private graduate-only university From 1971 to his death he was the Clarke Professor of Social Science and Management at Claremont Graduate University. The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies Management (covering theory practice and scope of management and Manager' (covering the people who manage might help clarify and systematise Claremont Graduate University (CGU is a private graduate-only university The university's management school was named the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management (later known as the Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management) in his honor in 1987. The Peter F Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management, also known as the Drucker School of Management, is one of the schools of the Claremont Colleges He taught his last class at the school in the Spring of 2002.

Career

His career as a business thinker took off in 1942, when his initial writings on politics and society won him access to the internal workings of General Motors (GM), one of the largest companies in the world at that time. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. His experiences in Europe had left him fascinated with the problem of authority. He shared his fascination with Donaldson Brown, the mastermind behind the administrative controls at GM. Donaldson Brown (1885-1965 was a financial executive and corporate director with both DuPont and General Motors Corporation. In 1943 Brown invited him in to conduct what might be called a political audit: a two-year social-scientific analysis of the corporation. Drucker attended every board meeting, interviewed employees, and analyzed production and decision-making processes.

The resulting book, Concept of the Corporation, popularized GM's multidivisional structure and led to numerous articles, consulting engagements, and additional books. Concept of the Corporation is a book by Management guru Peter Drucker published in 1946 GM, however, was hardly thrilled with the final product. Drucker had suggested that the auto giant might want to reexamine a host of long-standing policies on customer relations, dealer relations, employee relations and more. Inside the corporation, Drucker’s counsel was viewed as hypercritical. GM's revered chairman, Alfred Sloan, was so upset about the book that he “simply treated it as if it did not exist,” Drucker later recalled, “never mentioning it and never allowing it to be mentioned in his presence. ”[12]

Drucker taught that management is “a liberal art,” and he infused his management advice with interdisciplinary lessons from history, sociology, psychology, philosophy, culture and religion. [13] He also believed strongly that all institutions, including those in the private sector, have a responsibility to the whole of society. “The fact is,” Drucker wrote in his 1973 magnum opus, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices, “that in modern society there is no other leadership group but managers. If the managers of our major institutions, and especially of business, do not take responsibility for the common good, no one else can or will. ”[14]

Drucker was interested in the growing effect of people who worked with their minds rather than their hands. He was intrigued by employees who knew more about certain subjects than their bosses or colleagues and yet had to cooperate with others in a large organization. Rather than simply glorify the phenomenon as the epitome of human progress, Drucker analyzed it and explained how it challenged the common thinking about how organizations should be run.

His approach worked well in the increasingly mature business world of the second half of the twentieth century. By that time, large corporations had developed the basic manufacturing efficiencies and managerial hierarchies of mass production. Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of Executives thought they knew how to run companies, and Drucker took it upon himself to poke holes in their beliefs, lest organizations become stale. But he did so in a sympathetic way. He assumed that his readers were intelligent, rational, hardworking people of good will. If their organizations struggled, he believed it was usually because of outdated ideas, a narrow conception of problems, or internal misunderstandings.

During his long consulting career, Drucker worked with many major corporations, including General Electric, Coca- Cola, Citicorp, IBM, and Intel. He consulted with notable business leaders such as GE’s Jack Welch; Procter & Gamble’s A. G. Lafley; Intel’s Andy Grove, Edward Jones’ John Bachmann; Shoichiro Toyoda, the honorary chairman of Toyota Motor Corp. ; and Masatoshi Ito, the honorary chairman of the Ito-Yokado Group, the second largest retailing organization in the world. [15]

But Drucker’s insights extended far beyond business. He served as a consultant for various government agencies in the United States, Canada and Japan. And, most notably, he worked with various non-profit organizations to help them become successful, often consulting pro-bono. Among the many social-sector groups he advised were the Salvation Army, the Girl Scouts, C. A. R. E. , the American Red Cross, and the Navajo Indian Tribal Council. [16]

In fact, Drucker anticipated the rise of the social sector in America, maintaining that it was through volunteering in nonprofits that people would find the kind of fulfillment that he originally thought would be provided through their place of work, but that had proven elusive in that arena. “Citizenship in and through the social sector is not a panacea for the ills of post-capitalist society and post-capitalist polity, but it may be a prerequisite for tackling these ills,” Drucker wrote. “It restores the civic responsibility that is the mark of citizenship, and the civic pride that is the mark of community. ”[17]

Author

Drucker's books have been translated into more than thirty languages. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Two are novels, one an autobiography. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" He is the co-author of a book on Japanese painting, and made eight series of educational films on management topics. is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese arts encompassing a wide variety of genre and styles An educational film is a Film or movie whose primary purpose is to Educate. Management (covering theory practice and scope of management and Manager' (covering the people who manage might help clarify and systematise He also penned a regular column in the Wall Street Journal for 20 years and contributed frequently to the Harvard Business Review, The Atlantic Monthly, and The Economist. He continued to act as a consultant to businesses and non-profit organizations well into his nineties. A consultant (from the Latin consultare means "to discuss" from which we also derive words such as consul and counsel) is a Professional A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Drucker died November 11, 2005 in Claremont, California of natural causes at 95. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Claremont is a College town in eastern Los Angeles County, California, USA, about 30 miles (45 km east of downtown Los Angeles He is survived by his wife Doris, four children, and six grandchildren.

Basic ideas

Several ideas run through most of Drucker's writings:

Awards and honors

Drucker was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is a decoration bestowed by the President of the United States and is along with the equivalent Congressional Gold Medal bestowed S. President George W. Bush on July 9, 2002[1]. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. He also received orders from the governments of Japan and Austria. He was the Honorary Chairman of the Peter F. Drucker Foundation for Nonprofit Management, now the Leader to Leader Institute, from 1990 through 2002. In 1969 he was awarded NYU’s highest honor, the NYU Presidential Citation. Drucker was inducted into the Junior Achievement U. S. Business Hall of Fame in 1996. Additionally he holds 25 honorary doctorates from American, Belgian, Czech, English, Spanish and Swiss Universities.

Criticism and Controversy

Drucker wasn’t immune to criticism. The Wall Street Journal researched several of his lectures in 1987 and reported that he was sometimes loose with the facts. Drucker was off the mark, for example, when he told an audience that English was the official language for all employees at Japan’s Mitsui trading company. (Drucker’s defense: “I use anecdotes to make a point, not to write history. ”) And while he was known for his prescience, he wasn’t always correct in his forecasts. He wrongly anticipated, for instance, that the nation’s financial center would shift to Washington from New York. [22]

Others maintain that one of Drucker’s core concepts—“management by objectives”—is flawed and has never really been proven to work effectively. Specifically, critics say that the system is difficult to implement, and that companies often wind up overemphasizng control, as opposed to fostering creativity, to meet its goals. [23]

Drucker didn’t shy away from controversy, either. Although he helped many corporate executives succeed, he was appalled when the level of Fortune 500 CEO pay in America ballooned to hundreds of times that of the average worker. He argued in a 1984 essay that CEO compensation should be no more than 20 times what the rank and file make—especially at companies where thousands of employees are being laid off. “This is morally and socially unforgivable,” Drucker wrote, “and we will pay a heavy price for it. ”[24]

List of publications

Books about Peter Drucker

Quotes

See also Peter Drucker on Wikiquote

References

  1. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , “Reflections of a Social Ecologist,” Society, May/June 1992
  2. ^ Drucker Institute - About Peter Drucker
  3. ^ Byrne, John A. , “The Man Who Invented Management,” BusinessWeek, Nov. 28, 2005
  4. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , Concept of the Corporation, Preface to the 1983 edition, p. xvii, (1983)
  5. ^ Beatty, Jack, The World According to Peter Drucker p. 5-7, (1998)
  6. ^ Beatty, Jack, The World According to Peter Drucker p. 163, (1998)
  7. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , The Ecological Vision p. 75-76, (1993)
  8. ^ Drucker Institute - The Drucker Legacy
  9. ^ Byrne, John A. , “The Man Who Invented Management,” BusinessWeek, Nov. 28, 2005
  10. ^ The Drucker Institute Archives, Claremont, California. Box 39 Folder 11
  11. ^ “Peter Drucker, the man who changed the world,” Business Review Weekly, 15 September 1997, p. 49
  12. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , Adventures of a Bystander p. 288, (1979)
  13. ^ Drucker Institute - About Peter Drucker - Additional Sources - Other Pieces About Drucker
  14. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices p. 325, (1973)
  15. ^ Drucker Institute
  16. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , Managing the Nonprofit Organization (1994)
  17. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , Post-Capitalist Society p. 177, (1993)
  18. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , "The Practice of Management" pp 62-63, (1954)
  19. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , "Managing for the Future" p. 299, (1992)
  20. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , "The Practice of Management" p. 12, (1954)
  21. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , "The Practice of Management" (1954)
  22. ^ “Peter Drucker, Leading Management Guru, Dies at 95," Bloomberg, Nov. 11, 2005
  23. ^ Krueger, Dale, "Small Business and the International Environment," Small Business Advancement National Center, 1994
  24. ^ Byrne, John A. , “The Man Who Invented Management,” BusinessWeek, Nov. 28, 2005
  25. ^ Drucker, Peter F. , The Practice of Management p. 378, (1954)

External links

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