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Peter Böhler

Peter Böhler
Born December 31, 1712(1712-12-31)
Frankfurt, Germany
Died April 27, 1775 (aged 62)
London, England
Occupation missionary and bishop

Peter Böhler or Peter Boehler (December 31, 1712 – April 27, 1775) was a German-born Moravian missionary and bishop who was influential in the Moravian Church in the Americas and England during the eighteenth century. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This page is about the Moravian Church globally For information about the church in a particular geographic area use the links at Organisation below This page is about the Moravian Church globally For information about the church in a particular geographic area use the links at Organisation below The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Böhler was one of the many missionaries sent out to the Americas in the early 18th century by the leader of the Moravian Church, Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf, Imperial Count of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf, ( May 26, 1700 &ndash May 9, 1760 As a part of the first large scale Protestant missionary movement, Böhler spread the religion across Georgia and other American colonies. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule [1] In 1740, he migrated with other Moravians to Pennsylvania, where they founded the towns of Nazareth and Bethlehem. Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Nazareth is a Borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Bethlehem is a city in Lehigh and Northampton Counties in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, in the [2] Böhler was superintendent of the Moravian Church in England from 1747 to 1753 and was made a bishop of the church in 1748. Year 1747 ( MDCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1753 ( MDCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1748 ( MDCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Böhler came back to America and directed new Moravian settlements in the colonies from 1753 to 1764. Year 1753 ( MDCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [2]

Early life

Böhler was born in Frankfurt, Germany on December 31, 1712. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap [3] Peter was the fourth child of Brauers Johann Konrad Peter Böhler and his wife Antonetta Elisabetha. Böhler attended school in Frankfurt, and went to the University of Jena in 1831. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a His father wanted him to study medicine, but Böhler was drawn into studying theology by the university's well-known faculty members such as Johann Franz Buddeus, Johann Georg Walch and Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Johann Franz Buddeus, German Lutheran theologian and philosopher born at Anklam, Swedish Pomerania, where his father was pastor June 25, Johann Georg Walch ( June 17, 1693 - January 13, 1775) was a German theologian. Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und Pottendorf, Imperial Count of Zinzendorf and Pottendorf, ( May 26, 1700 &ndash May 9, 1760 [4] Walch and Zinzendorf greatly influence on Böhler, and showed him the ways of pietism, a movement within Lutheranism that was instrumental in the upbringing of the Methodist movement later started by John Wesley. Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late 17th century to the mid-18th century and later Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical The Pietist movement combined the Lutheran emphasis on biblical doctrine with the reformed, and especially Puritan, emphasis on individual piety, and a vigorous Christian life. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, In spiritual terminology piety is a Virtue. While different people may understand its meaning differently it is generally used to refer either to religious devotion Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings [5][6] Zinzendorf used his influence on the Moravian Church to gather more supporters of the pietist movement, including Böhler. This page is about the Moravian Church globally For information about the church in a particular geographic area use the links at Organisation below Pietism was a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late 17th century to the mid-18th century and later

As a missionary

On December 15, 1737, in his first official act as bishop, Count von Zinzendorf ordained Böhler to priesthood. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1737 ( MDCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. [1] On February 7 of the following year, when he was in London preparing for his trip to the Americas, Böhler happened to meet John Wesley, one of the early leaders of the Methodist movement, who had just returned from a three-year stay in Savannah, Georgia. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations Savannah is a city located in the state of Georgia, United States. [7] After Wesley met Böhler at the home of a Mr. Weinatz, a Dutch merchant living in London at the time, Wesley offered to obtain lodging for Böhler[4] and introduced him to James Hutton, who would later be an important official in the Moravian Church. The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. [8] Wesley also taught the English language to Böhler in the coming days. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Later, on February 17, Wesley accompanied Böhler on his trip to Oxford. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The discourse between the two men started then. Wesley had come back to England as a troubled man, depressed over his faith and his work in America. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland At the time, Wesley wrote in his journal, "I who went to America to convert others was never myself converted to God". [9]

Böhler himself went as a missionary to Savannah and South Carolina, where he directed and led the development of many Moravian settlements. Savannah is a city located in the state of Georgia, United States. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. As part of Zinzendorf's plans to revive the Moravian Church, Böhler preached the ways of the religion to black slaves and Native Americans, as well as white settlers in the colonies. In 1740, Böhler led a group of Moravians from Georgia to Pennsylvania. Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern They founded the towns of Nazareth and Bethlehem, both of which are still-thriving populous Moravian communities. Nazareth is a Borough in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Bethlehem is a city in Lehigh and Northampton Counties in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, in the [2] Böhler was almost a savior for many of the Moravian people in these communities. During times of crisis, he was accounted as the preacher who could restore back the peace and hope that people were so desperately looking for. [1] Böhler went back to England to organize a new group of people to send to America. This group of emigrants called the "Sea Congregation" traveled with Böhler and settled in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1742. "Emigrant" redirects here For the Butterflies, see Catopsilia. Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [2]

Universalist tendencies were not unknown among Moravians and Böhler himself believed in the universal reconciliation of all people. Universal reconciliation, also called universal salvation or sometimes simply universalism, is the Christian doctrine or belief that all will receive Salvation Universal reconciliation, also called universal salvation or sometimes simply universalism, is the Christian doctrine or belief that all will receive Salvation George Whitfield, in a letter to John Wesley, wrote that Böhler had expressed a belief that "all the damned souls would hereafter be brought out of hell. Early life He was born at the Bell Inn Southgate Street Gloucester, England. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical "[10]

After five years, he was made superintendent of the Moravian Church in England. The following year, Böhler was ordained as a bishop of the Moravian churches in America and England. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight [11] In 1753, Böhler left his post as superintendent, and returned back to America. Year 1753 ( MDCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He then served as the director of new Moravian settlements there until 1764. Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [2] Böhler spent the last nine years of his life back in England, still an active member of the church. He died in London on April 27, 1775, at the age of sixty-two. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [3]

References

  1. ^ a b c December 15, 1737 - Zinzendorf Ordained Peter Bohler. Christian History Institute (December 2006). Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
  2. ^ a b c d e Peter Böhler encyclopedia entry. Columbia University Press (2007). Columbia University Press is a University press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy
  3. ^ a b (German) Karl Heinz Voigt (17 May 2000). Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Peter Böhler biography. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
  4. ^ a b Stephen Berg (2004). Peter Böhler biographical sketch. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
  5. ^ Kevin Knight. Pietism. Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
  6. ^ Pietism Movement. Infoplease. Pearson plc () is a London -based media conglomerate. It is the largest book Publisher in the UK, India, Australia Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
  7. ^ Hutton, J. E. (2004). History of the Moravian Church. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing, 380. Whitefish is a city in Flathead County, Montana, United States. ISBN 1419124250.   pp200
  8. ^ Hutton (1909), pp. 200
  9. ^ Hutton (1909), pp. 200
  10. ^ "Peter Bohler, a brief biography. " at TentMaker.org. Accessed Nov. 2, 2007.
  11. ^ German American Corner: Boehler, Peter. Davitt Publications. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori
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