Pete Townshend
Background information
Birth name	Peter Denis Blandford Townshend
Born	19 May 1945 (1945-05-19) (age 63) London, England
Genre(s)	Hard rock, pop rock, art rock, rock
Occupation(s)	Musician, Songwriter
Instrument(s)	Guitar, Piano, Vocals, Bass guitar, Drums, Mandolin, Ukulele, Banjo
Years active	1960 – present
Label(s)	Track, Polydor, Atlantic, Atco, Decca, Rykodisc
Associated acts	The Who, Deep End, Ronnie Lane, Thunderclap Newman
Website	The Who's official webpage
Notable instrument(s)
Rickenbacker 330 Gibson SG Special Gibson Pete Townshend signature Les Paul Deluxe Fender Telecaster Fender Stratocaster Gibson Pete Townshend Signature SJ-200

Pete Townshend (born Peter Dennis Blandford Townshend on 19 May 1945 in Chiswick, London), is an English rock guitarist, singer, songwriter, composer, and writer. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock Pop rock is a hybrid of Pop music and Rock music that uses catchy pop style with light lyrics over top of guitar-based songs Art rock is a term describing a subgenre of Rock music that tends to have "experimental or avant-garde influences" and emphasizes "novel sonic texture Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, which is often contrasted with Speech. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells A mandolin is a musical instrument in the Lute family (plucked or strummed The ukulele (ˌjʉːkəˈlɛɪli from ʻukulele /ˌʔukuˈlele/ variantly spelled ukelele (particularly in the UK) or alternatively abbreviated uke The banjo is a Stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Track Records was an "Independent" Record label founded in 1967 by Kit Lambert, Chris Stamp (managers of The Who) and Pete Polydor Records is a Record label currently headquartered in the UK, and is a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. Atlantic Records ( Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American Record label best known for its many recordings of Rhythm & blues, Rock Atco Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, currently operating through WMG's Rhino Entertainment. Decca Records is a British Record label established in 1929 by Edward Lewis. Rykodisc Records is an American Record label, owned by Warner Music Group. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend Deep End was a short-lived supergroup founded by Guitarist Pete Townshend of The Who and featuring David Gilmour of Pink Floyd Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" Lane ( 1 April 1946 - 4 June 1997) was an English Singer, Songwriter Thunderclap Newman was a late 1960s One-hit wonder band from the UK. For the American WWI fighter pilot see Eddie Rickenbacker. For the airport see Rickenbacker International Airport. The Gibson SG is a popular model of solid-bodied Electric guitar that was introduced in the early 1960s The Gibson Les Paul is a solidbody Electric guitar originally developed in the early 1950s The Fender Telecaster, also known as the Tele (pronounced Telly is typically a dual-pickup solid-body Electric guitar made by Fender. The Fender Stratocaster, often referred to as the Strat, is a model of Electric guitar designed by Leo Fender, George Fullerton and Freddie Tavares Gibson J-200 ( Super Jumbo 200) is an Acoustic guitar model produced by the Gibson Guitar Corporation. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Chiswick ( IPA /ˈtʃɪzɪk/ is an area of West London, located west of Charing Cross, which covers the eastern part of the London Borough of Hounslow London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African A guitarist is a Musician who plays the Guitar. Guitarists may perform solo pieces or play with ensembles and bands of a wide variety of genres A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance

Pete Townshend made his name as the guitarist and principal songwriter for rock band The Who. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend His career with them spans more than 40 years, during which time the band grew to be considered one of the greatest^[1] and most influential^[2] rock bands of all time, in addition to being "possibly the greatest live band ever. "^[3] Townshend is the primary songwriter for the group, writing well over 100 songs for the band's eleven studio albums, including the rock operas Tommy and Quadrophenia, plus dozens more that appeared as non-album singles, bonus tracks on reissues, and tracks on rarities compilations such as Odds and Sods. Rock operas, Concept albums Song cycles and Oratorios all differ from a conventional rock album which usually includes songs that are unrelated to each Quadrophenia is the sixth album by the English rock band The Who. Odds & Sods is an Album by British rock band The Who. In the Autumn of 1973 while Roger Daltrey, He has also written over 100 songs for his solo albums and rarities compilations. Although known mainly for being a guitarist, he is also an accomplished singer and keyboard player, and has played many other instruments on his solo albums, and on some Who albums (such as banjo, accordion, synthesizer, piano, bass guitar, drums). The banjo is a Stringed instrument developed by enslaved Africans in the United States, adapted from several African instruments The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells

Townshend has also written newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, essays, books, and scripts.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Music career 2.1 Breakthrough 2.2 Solo career 2.3 Recent Who work 2.4 Hearing loss 2.5 Interviews 2.6 Musical equipment 3 Literary work 4 Religion 5 Personal life 6 Charity work 6.1 Children's charities 6.2 Drug rehabilitation 6.3 Amnesty International 6.4 Miscellaneous efforts 7 Legal matters 8 Guest Appearances 9 Awards 10 See also 11 References 12 External links

Early life

Born into a musical family (his father Cliff Townshend was a professional saxophonist in The Squadronaires and his mother Betty a singer), Townshend exhibited a fascination with music at an early age. Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Clifford Blandford Townshend ( 28 January 1917 – 29 June 1986) was an English Jazz musician noted for playing the The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The Squadronaires was a Royal Air Force band which began and performed in England during and after World War II. He had early exposure to American rock and roll (his mother recounts that he repeatedly saw the 1956 film Rock Around the Clock) and obtained his first guitar from his grandmother at age 12, which he described as a "Cheap Spanish thing". Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Rock Around the Clock is the title of a 1956 musical motion picture that featured Bill Haley and His Comets The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles

Townshend's biggest guitar influences include Link Wray, John Lee Hooker, Bo Diddley and Hank Marvin of The Shadows. Fred Lincoln "Link" Wray Jr ( May 2, 1929 – November 5, 2005) was an American Rock and roll Guitarist John Lee Hooker ( August 22, 1917 &ndash June 21, 2001) was an influential American Post-war Blues singer Bo Diddley ( December 30 1928 &ndash June 2 2008, born Ellas Otha Bates) was an original and influential American Brian Robson Rankin (born 28 October 1941) Newcastle upon Tyne, known by the Stage name Hank B The Shadows are an English instrumental and vocal Rock and roll group active from the 1950s to the 2000s

In 1961 Townshend enrolled at Ealing Art College, and a year later he and his school friend from Acton County Grammar School John Entwistle founded their first band, The Confederates, a Dixieland duet featuring Townshend on banjo and Entwistle on horn. Ealing Art College was in fact 'Ealing Technical College & School of Art' a Further education institution on St Mary's Road Ealing, London, John Alec Entwistle ( October 9, 1944 – June 27, 2002) was an English Bass guitarist, Songwriter, Singer Dixieland or Dixie is a name for the southeastern portion of the USA; see Southern United States, Dixie. From this beginning they moved on to The Detours, a skiffle/rock and roll band fronted by then sheet-metal welder Roger Daltrey. Skiffle is a type of Folk music with Jazz, Blues and Country influences usually using homemade or improvised instruments such as the Washboard Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Roger Harry Daltrey, CBE (born 1 March 1944) is an English rock Vocalist, songwriter and actor best known as the In early 1964, due to another band with the same name, The Detours renamed themselves The Who. Drummer Doug Sandom was replaced by Keith Moon not long afterwards. Doug Sandom (born 1932 was the original drummer for English rock band The Who. Keith John Moon ( August 23, 1946 &ndash September 7, 1978) was the Drummer of the rock group The Who. The band (now comprising Daltrey on vocals and harmonica, Townshend on guitar, Entwistle on bass, and Moon on drums) were soon taken on by a mod publicist (named Peter Meaden) who convinced them to change their name to The High Numbers to give the band more of a mod feel. A harmonica is a free reed Wind instrument which is played by blowing air into it or drawing air out by placing lips over individual holes (reed chambers or A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage Publicity for a public figure especially a Celebrity, a Business, or for a work Peter Alexander Edwin Meaden (November 11 1941-July 29 1978 was a publicist and After bringing out one single ("Zoot Suit"), they dropped Meaden and were signed on by two new managers, Chris Stamp and Kit Lambert. This page is a list of the various personnel and line-ups that have been a part of The Who. Christopher "Kit" Sebastian Lambert ( 11 May, 1935 &ndash 7 April, 1981) was a Record producer and the Manager They dropped The High Numbers name and reverted to The Who.

Music career

Breakthrough

See also: The Who

After The High Numbers once again became The Who, Townshend wrote several successful singles for the band, including "I Can't Explain", "Pictures of Lily", "Substitute", and "My Generation". The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend " I Can't Explain " is a song released by English rock band The Who in 1965, written by Pete Townshend and produced by Shel " Pictures of Lily " is a single by the British rock band The Who. Townshend became known for his eccentric stage style during the band's early days, often interrupting concerts with lengthy introductions of songs, swinging his right arm against the guitar strings in his signature windmill style, often smashing guitars on stage, and often repeatedly throwing his guitars into his amplifiers and speaker cabinets. The destruction of musical instruments, a tradition in pop and Rock music, is normally carried out by band members during a Live performance, particularly An instrument amplifier is an Electronic amplifier that converts the inaudible electric or electronic signal from musical instruments such as an Electric guitar For the Marty Friedman album see Loudspeaker (album A loudspeaker, speaker, or speaker system is an electroacoustical The first incident of guitar-smashing was brought about because Townshend accidentally smashed his guitar on the low roof of an early concert venue. He was so enraged at cracking the neck of his guitar that he systematically destroyed the rest of his kit, bringing the already uneasy show to an abrupt end. The onstage destruction of instruments soon became a regular part of The Who's performances that was further dramatized with pyrotechnics. Afterwards, he would flip it into the crowd. At a concert in Germany, a police officer walked up to him, pointed his gun at him, and ordered Townshend to stop smashing the guitar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Townshend, always a voluble interview subject, would later relate these antics to German/British artist Gustav Metzger's theories on Auto-destructive art, to which he had been exposed at art school. Gustav Metzger (born 1926 is an artist and political activist who developed the concept of Auto-Destructive Art. Auto-destructive art is a term invented by the artist Gustav Metzger in the early 1960s and put into circulation by his article Machine Auto-creative and Auto-destructive In his later years, Townshend attributed the motivation for his onstage destruction of guitars to a youthful anger he had long since outgrown.

The Who thrived, and continue to thrive, despite the deaths of two of the original members. They are regarded by many rock critics as one of the best^[4][5] live bands^[6][7] from a period of time that stretched from the late 1960s to the early 1980s, the result of a unique combination of high volume, showmanship, a wide variety of rock beats, and a high-energy sound that alternated between tight and free-form. The Who continue to perform critically acclaimed sets in the 21st century, including a highly regarded performance at the Live 8 music festival in July 2005. Live 8 was a string of Benefit concerts that took place on 2 July, 2005, in the G8 states and in South Africa.

Townshend remained the primary songwriter and leader of the group, writing over 100 songs which appeared on the band's 11 studio albums. Among his most well-known accomplishments are the creation of Tommy, for which the term "rock opera" was coined, and a second pioneering rock opera, Quadrophenia; his wild, guitar-smashing stage persona – which has become virtually de rigueur in the majority of rock acts since the 1970s; his use of guitar feedback as sonic technique; and the introduction of the synthesizer as a rock instrument. Rock operas, Concept albums Song cycles and Oratorios all differ from a conventional rock album which usually includes songs that are unrelated to each Quadrophenia is the sixth album by the English rock band The Who. Townshend revisited album-length storytelling throughout his career and remains the musician most associated with the rock opera form. Townshend also demonstrated prodigious talent on the guitar and was influential as a player, developing a unique style which combined aspects of rhythm and lead guitar and a characteristic mix of abandon and subtlety. Many tracks also feature Townshend on piano or keyboards, though keyboard-heavy tracks usually featured guest artists such as Nicky Hopkins, John Bundrick or Chris Stainton. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. Nicky Hopkins (born Nicholas Christian Hopkins ( February 24, 1944 in Harlesden, North London, England; died John Douglas "Rabbit" Bundrick (born November 21, 1948) is a prominent American-born rock Keyboardist, Pianist, and Christopher 'Chris' Stainton (born 22 March 1944, in Woodseats, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England) is a keyboard

Solo career

In addition to his work with The Who, Townshend has been sporadically active as a solo recording artist. Between 1969 and 1971 Townshend, along with other devotees to Meher Baba, recorded a trio of albums devoted to the yogi's teachings: Happy Birthday, I Am, and With Love. Meher Baba ( Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा) (February 25 1894 Merwan Sheriar Irani – January 31 1969 was an Indian mystic and spiritual Happy Birthday is a collaboration album by Pete Townshend and friends including Ronnie Lane, pressed and released in 1970 by Universal Spiritual League I Am is a collaboration Concept album by Pete Townshend and friends pressed in 1972 With Love is a 1976 album by Pete Townshend and friends dedicated to Townshend's spiritual mentor Meher Baba. In response to bootlegging of these, he compiled his personal highlights (and "Evolution", a collaboration with Ronnie Lane), and released his first major-label solo title, 1972's Who Came First. Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" Lane ( 1 April 1946 - 4 June 1997) was an English Singer, Songwriter Who Came First is the first major-label solo album by Pete Townshend, Guitarist and lead Songwriter of The Who. It was a moderate success and featured demos of Who songs as well as a showcase of his acoustic guitar talents. He collaborated with The Faces' bassist and fellow Meher Baba devotee Ronnie Lane on a duet album (1977's Rough Mix). Faces (sometimes known as The Faces) were a Rock band formed in 1969 by members of the Small Faces after Steve Marriott left that group Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" Lane ( 1 April 1946 - 4 June 1997) was an English Singer, Songwriter Rough Mix was a Collaboration between The Who guitarist Pete Townshend and Faces bassist Ronnie Lane, released in Townshend's solo breakthrough, following the death of Who drummer Keith Moon, was the 1980 release Empty Glass, which included a top-10 single, "Let My Love Open the Door". Keith John Moon ( August 23, 1946 &ndash September 7, 1978) was the Drummer of the rock group The Who. Empty Glass was released as the first proper Pete Townshend solo album ( Who Came First was a collection of demo recordings and Meher " Let My Love Open the Door " is a song written and performed by Pete Townshend. This release was followed in 1982 by All the Best Cowboys Have Chinese Eyes, which included the popular radio track "Slit Skirts". All the Best Cowboys Have Chinese Eyes is the third official solo album by English rock Musician and Songwriter Pete Townshend Through the rest of the 1980s and early 1990s Townshend would again experiment with the rock opera and related formats, releasing several story-based albums including White City: A Novel (1985), The Iron Man: A Musical (1989), and Psychoderelict (1993). Rock operas, Concept albums Song cycles and Oratorios all differ from a conventional rock album which usually includes songs that are unrelated to each White City A Novel is a solo album by Pete Townshend of The Who. Psychoderelict was a Concept album written produced and engineered by Pete Townshend. Townshend also got the chance to play with his hero Hank Marvin for Paul McCartney's "Rockestra" sessions, along with other respected rock musicians such as David Gilmour, John Bonham and Ronnie Lane. Brian Robson Rankin (born 28 October 1941) Newcastle upon Tyne, known by the Stage name Hank B Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942 is an English rock Singer, Bass guitarist songwriter Composer, Rockestra Theme, one of Paul McCartney 's harder-rocking songs was recorded on October 3, 1978, at Abbey Road Studios by an all-star collection of David Jon Gilmour CBE (born 6 March 1946 is an English Musician, best known as the Lead guitarist one of the lead Singers John Henry "Bonzo" Bonham (May 31 1948 – September 25 1980 was an English Drummer and member of the band Led Zeppelin. Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" Lane ( 1 April 1946 - 4 June 1997) was an English Singer, Songwriter

Townshend has also recorded several live albums, including one featuring a supergroup he assembled called Deep End, who performed just two concerts and a TV show session for The Tube, to raise money for a charity supporting drug addicts. A live album &ndash commonly contrasted with a Studio album &ndash is a recording consisting of material (usually music recorded during stage performances Deep End was a short-lived supergroup founded by Guitarist Pete Townshend of The Who and featuring David Gilmour of Pink Floyd The Tube was an innovative United Kingdom pop/rock music television programme which ran for 5 series from November 5, 1982 until In 1984 Townshend published a collection of short stories entitled Horse's Neck. He has also reported that he is writing an autobiography. In 1993 he and Des McAnuff wrote and directed the Broadway adaptation of the Who album Tommy, as well as a less successful stage musical based on his solo album The Iron Man, based upon the book by Ted Hughes. Desmond McAnuff (born June 19, 1952) is an American director of Musical theatre of such Broadway productions as Big River and Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Edward James Hughes OM ( 17 August 1930 &ndash 28 October 1998) was an English Poet and children's (McAnuff and Townshend later co-produced the animated film The Iron Giant, also based on the Hughes story. The Iron Giant is a 1999 Animated Science fiction film produced by Warner Bros )

A production described as a Townshend rock-opera and titled The Boy Who Heard Music was scheduled to debut as part of Vassar College's Powerhouse Summer Theater program in July 2007. The Boy Who Heard Music is a rock Opus that began life as an Internet Novella written by musician and songwriter Pete Townshend.

Recent Who work

From the mid-1990s through the present, Townshend has participated in a series of tours with the surviving members of The Who, including a 2002 tour that continued despite Entwistle's death.

In February 2006, a major world tour by The Who was announced to promote their first new album since 1982. Townshend published a semi-autobiographical story The Boy Who Heard Music as a serial on a blog beginning in September 2005. The Boy Who Heard Music is a rock Opus that began life as an Internet Novella written by musician and songwriter Pete Townshend. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of ^[8] The blog closed in October 2006, as noted on Townshend's website. It is now owned by a different user and does not relate to Townshend's work in any way. On 25 February 2006, he announced the issue of a mini-opera inspired by the novella for June 2006. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A novella is a written, Fictional Prose Narrative longer than a Novelette but shorter than a Novel. In October 2006 The Who released an album, Endless Wire. Endless Wire is the eleventh album by the English rock band The Who. A full opera entitled The Boy Who Heard Music based on this concept also debuted at Vassar College in July 2007. Vassar College is a private Coeducational, liberal arts college situated in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA.

Hearing loss

Townshend suffers from partial deafness and tinnitus as a result of extensive exposure to loud music through headphones and in concert, including The Who concert at Charlton Athletic Football Ground, London, on 31 May 1976 that was listed in the Guinness Book of Records, where the volume level was measured at 126 decibels 32 metres from the stage. Tinnitus (tɪˈnaɪtəs or /ˈtɪnɪtəs/ from the Latin word for " Ringing " is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding Headphones (also known as earphones, earbuds, stereophones, headsets) are a pair of small Loudspeakers or less commonly a single The decibel ( dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the magnitude of a physical quantity (usually power or intensity relative to The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International In 1989, Townshend gave the initial funding to allow the formation of the non-profit hearing advocacy group H.E.A.R. (Hearing Education and Awareness for Rockers). HEAR is a Non-profit organization dedicated to preventing hearing loss mainly from loud rock music

Interviews

From the The Who's emergence on the British musical landscape, Pete Townshend could always be counted upon for good copy. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend By early 1966 he had become the band's spokesman, interviewed separate from the band for the BBC television series A Whole Scene Going admitting that the band used drugs and that he considered The Beatles' backing tracks "flippin' lousy". The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 Throughout the 1960s Townshend made regular appearances in the pages of British music magazines, but it was a very long interview he gave to Rolling Stone in 1968 that sealed his reputation as one of rock's leading intellectuals and theorists. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published

Townshend gave interview after interview to the newly risen underground press, not only providing them with a star for their covers, but firmly establishing his reputation as an honest and erudite commentator on the rock 'n' roll scene. The phrase underground press is most often used to refer to the independently published and distributed underground papers associated with the Counterculture of the In addition, he wrote his own articles, starting a regular monthly column in Melody Maker, and contributing to Rolling Stone with an article on his avatar Meher Baba and a review of The Who's album Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy. Melody Maker, published in the United Kingdom, was according to its publisher IPC Media, the world's oldest weekly Music Newspaper Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published Meher Baba ( Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा) (February 25 1894 Merwan Sheriar Irani – January 31 1969 was an Indian mystic and spiritual The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy is a Compilation album by British rock band The Who.

Townshend has withdrawn from the press on occasion. On his 30th birthday, Townshend discussed his feelings that The Who were failing to journalist Roy Carr, making acid comments on fellow Who member Roger Daltrey and other leading members of the British rock community. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend Roger Harry Daltrey, CBE (born 1 March 1944) is an English rock Vocalist, songwriter and actor best known as the Carr printed his remarks in the NME causing strong friction within The Who and embarrassing Townshend. The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a Popular music Magazine in the United Kingdom which has been The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend Feeling betrayed, he stopped interviews with the press for over two years.

Nevertheless, Townshend has maintained close relationships with journalists, and sought them out in 1982 to describe his two-year battle with cocaine and heroin. Some of those press members turned on him in the 1980s as the punk rock revolution led to widespread dismissal of the old guard of rock. Townshend attacked two of them, Julie Burchill and Tony Parsons, in the song "Jools And Jim" on his album Empty Glass after they made some derogatory remarks about Who drummer Keith Moon. Julie Burchill (born 3 July 1959 in Frenchay, Bristol) is an English Writer, renowned for her invective and often contentious Tony Parsons (born November 1953) is a British Journalist and Author. Empty Glass was released as the first proper Pete Townshend solo album ( Who Came First was a collection of demo recordings and Meher Keith John Moon ( August 23, 1946 &ndash September 7, 1978) was the Drummer of the rock group The Who. Meanwhile several journalists denounced Townshend for what they saw as a betrayal of the idealism about rock music he had espoused in his earlier interviews when The Who participated in a tour sponsored by Schlitz in 1982 and by Miller Brewing in 1989. Miller Brewing Company is the second largest American style Beermaker and is based in Milwaukee Wisconsin, United States. Townshend's 1993 concept album Psychoderelict offers a scathing commentary on journalists in the character of Ruth Streeting, who attempts to scandalize the main character, Ray High. In Popular music, a concept album is an Album which is "unified by a theme which can be instrumental compositional narrative or lyrical" Psychoderelict was a Concept album written produced and engineered by Pete Townshend.

By the 1990s Townshend was still a popular interview subject although his comments were sometimes given a scandalous spin. A 1990 book of interviews by Timothy White, Rock Lives, contained Townshend's thoughts on the meaning of his song "Rough Boys" that gave the mistaken impression that he was gay or bisexual. Timothy White (January 25 1952 – June 27 2002 was a noted American Rock music Journalist and editor. The information was picked up by the British tabloid press that spread this misinformation around the world. Townshend kept silent on the issue out of respect for his gay friends, until clarifying in a 1994 Playboy interview that he was neither gay nor bisexual.

Townshend still continues to write pieces on rock and his place in it, mostly for his website but he also remains a celebrity sought after by music magazines and newspapers to the present day.

On 25 October 2006, Townshend declined at the last minute to do a scheduled interview with Sirius Satellite Radio star Howard Stern after Stern's co-host Robin Quivers and sidekick Artie Lange made joking references to his 2003 arrest^[9]. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Howard Allan Stern (born January 12 1954 is an American radio host and Television personality. Robin Ophelia Quivers (born August 8 1952 is an American talk show host and Howard Stern's primary co-host on his morning radio show. Arthur Steven Lange Jr (born October 11, 1967 in Union New Jersey) is an American Stand-up comedian, Radio personality Stern conducted an interview instead with Roger Daltrey and repeatedly expressed regret about the utterances of his on-air colleagues stating that they did not reflect his own feelings of respect for Townshend. Roger Harry Daltrey, CBE (born 1 March 1944) is an English rock Vocalist, songwriter and actor best known as the

Later in 2006, Townshend appeared on the popular Living Legends radio show in an exclusive interview with Opal Bonfante. Opal Bonfante (born March 19, 1982, Devon, England) is a British television and radio presenter The live interview was broadcasted worldwide on Radio London, his first live interview for fifteen years. Radio London may refer to one of the following radio stations A popular name for the BBC World Service in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II The Townshend spoke about his forthcoming UK tour, his online novella and his memories of the old pirate radio stations.

Musical equipment

Throughout his solo career and his career with The Who, Townshend has played (and destroyed) a large variety of guitars. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend

In the early days with The Who, Townshend played an Emile Grimshaw SS De Luxe and 6-string and 12-string Rickenbacker semi-hollow electric guitars primarily (particularly the Rose-Morris UK-imported models with special f-holes). The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend For the American WWI fighter pilot see Eddie Rickenbacker. For the airport see Rickenbacker International Airport. However, as instrument-smashing became increasingly integrated into The Who's concert sets, he switched to more durable and resilient (and sometimes cheaper) guitars for smashing, such as the Fender Stratocaster, Fender Telecaster and various Danelectro models. The destruction of musical instruments, a tradition in pop and Rock music, is normally carried out by band members during a Live performance, particularly The Fender Stratocaster, often referred to as the Strat, is a model of Electric guitar designed by Leo Fender, George Fullerton and Freddie Tavares The Fender Telecaster, also known as the Tele (pronounced Telly is typically a dual-pickup solid-body Electric guitar made by Fender. Danelectro is a manufacturer of musical instruments and accessories specializing in Guitars Bass guitars amplifiers and Effects units On the Who's famous Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour appearance in 1967, Townshend used a Vox Cheetah guitar, which he only used for that performance, and the guitar was destroyed into smithereens by Townshend, and Moon's drum explosion. The Smothers Brothers are an American music-and- Comedy team consisting of the brothers Tom ("Tommy" and Dick Smothers. In the late 1960s, Townshend began playing Gibson SG models almost exclusively, specifically the Special models. The Gibson SG is a popular model of solid-bodied Electric guitar that was introduced in the early 1960s He used this guitar at the Woodstock and Isle of Wight shows in 1969 and 1970. The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the

By 1972, Gibson changed the design of the SG Special which Townshend had been using previously, and thus he began using other guitars. The Gibson Guitar Corporation of Nashville Tennessee, USA is a manufacturer of acoustic and Electric guitars The company's most popular guitar For much of the 1970s, he used a Gibson Les Paul Deluxe, some with only two mini-humbucker pickups and others modified with a third pickup. The Gibson Les Paul is a solidbody Electric guitar originally developed in the early 1950s He can be seen using several of these guitars in the documentary The Kids Are Alright, although in the studio he often played a Gretsch guitar, most notably on the album Who's Next. Who's Next is the fifth album by the English rock band The Who.

During the 1980s, Townshend mainly used Rickenbackers and Telecaster-style models built for him by Schecter and various other luthiers. For the American WWI fighter pilot see Eddie Rickenbacker. For the airport see Rickenbacker International Airport. Schecter can refer to Schecter Guitar Research, an American guitar manufacturer Schechter Poultry Corp Since the late-1980s, Townshend has used the Fender Eric Clapton Signature Stratocaster, with Lace-Sensor pickups, both in the studio and on tour. The Eric Clapton Stratocaster is the signature model Electric guitar of English Guitarist Eric Clapton, and was the first signature model Some of his Stratocaster guitars feature a Fishman PowerBridge piezo pick-up system to simulate acoustic guitar tones. This piezo system is controlled by an extra volume control behind the guitar's bridge.

Townshend has used a number of other electric guitars, including various Gretsch, Gibson, and Fender models. Gretsch is a US Musical instrument manufacturer currently being distributed by Guitar company Fender and Drum craft company The Gibson Guitar Corporation of Nashville Tennessee, USA is a manufacturer of acoustic and Electric guitars The company's most popular guitar Fender Musical Instruments Corporation of Quincy Illinois is a manufacturer of stringed instruments such as solid-body Electric guitars including the He has also used Guild, Takamine and Gibson J-200 acoustic models. pronounced tock-a-mee-neh is a Japanese Guitar manufacturer based in Nakatsugawa Gifu, Japan. Gibson J-200 ( Super Jumbo 200) is an Acoustic guitar model produced by the Gibson Guitar Corporation. One Gretsch was a vintage model given to him by Joe Walsh. Joseph Fidler "Joe" Walsh (born November 20, 1947) is an American Guitarist, songwriter and Rock musician He has been a

There are several Gibson Pete Townshend signature guitars, such as the Pete Townshend SG, the Pete Townshend J-200, and three different Pete Townshend Les Paul Deluxes. The Gibson Guitar Corporation of Nashville Tennessee, USA is a manufacturer of acoustic and Electric guitars The company's most popular guitar The SG was clearly marked as a Pete Townshend limited edition model and came with a special case and certificate of authenticity, signed by Townshend himself. There has also been a Pete Townshend signature Rickenbacker limited edition guitar of the model 1997, which was his main 6-string guitar in the Who's early days. For the American WWI fighter pilot see Eddie Rickenbacker. For the airport see Rickenbacker International Airport.

He also used the Gibson ES-335, one of which he donated to the Hard Rock Cafe. The Gibson ES-335 was the world's first commercial semi-hollowbody Electric guitar, released by Gibson Guitar Corporation in 1958. Townshend also used a Gibson EDS-1275 double neck very briefly around 1968, and both a Harmony Sovereign H1270 ^[10] and a Fender XII Guitar for the studio sessions for Tommy for the 12-string guitar parts. The Gibson EDS-1275 is a doubleneck Gibson electric guitar introduced in 1958 as a special-order custom instrument In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. Fender Musical Instruments Corporation of Quincy Illinois is a manufacturer of stringed instruments such as solid-body Electric guitars including the

Most recently in 2006, Townshend had a pedalboard designed by longtime gear guru Pete Cornish. Pete Cornish is a British designer of Electric guitar effects and other electronic musical instruments The board apparently is composed with a compressor, an old Boss OD-1 overdrive pedal, as well as a T-Rex Replica delay pedal. T-Rex Engineering ApS is a manufacturer of hand-made Electric guitar effects pedals

Over the years, Pete Townshend has used many types of amplifiers, including Vox, Fender, Marshall, Hiwatt etc. Vox is a musical equipment manufacturer which is most famous for making the Vox AC30 guitar amplifier, the Vox Electric organ, and a series of innovative Fender Musical Instruments Corporation of Quincy Illinois is a manufacturer of stringed instruments such as solid-body Electric guitars including the Marshall Amplification is a British company which designs and manufactures music amplifiers. Hiwatt is a British company that manufactures amplifiers for Electric guitars and Bass guitars , sticking to using Hiwatt amps for most of four decades. Around the time of Who's Next, he used Fender amps. Who's Next is the fifth album by the English rock band The Who. For some time his rig consisted of four Fender Vibro-King stacks and a Hiwatt head driving two custom made 2x12" Hiwatt/Mesa Boogie speakers.

Townshend figured prominently in the development of what is widely known in rock circles as the "Marshall Stack". It has been recounted by others during the start of popularity of Jim Marshall's guitar amplifiers, that Townshend became a user of these amps.

He also ordered several speaker cabinets that contained eight speakers in a houseing standing nearly six feet in height with the top half of the cabinet slanted slightly upward. These became hard to move and were incredibly heavy.

Jim Marshall then cut the massive speaker cabinet into two separate speaker cabinets, at the suggestion of Townshend, with each cabinet containing four 12-inch speakers. One of the cabinets had half of the speaker baffle slanted upwards and Marshall made these two cabinets stackable. The Marshall stack was born, and Townshend used these as well as Hiwatt stacks.

His amplifier rig currently consists of , usually, 4 Fender Vibro King amps with extension cabinets.

He has always regarded his instruments as being merely tools of the trade and has, in latter years, determinedly kept his most prized instruments well away from the concert stage.

Literary work

Although best known for his musical compositions and musicianship, Pete Townshend has been extensively involved in the literary world for more than three decades, writing newspaper and magazine articles, book reviews, essays, books, and scripts.

An early example of Townshend’s writing came in August 1970 with the first of nine installments of "The Pete Townshend Page", a monthly column written by Townshend for the British music paper Melody Maker. The column provided Townshend’s perspective on an array of subjects, such as the media and the state of U. S. concert halls and public address systems, as well as providing valuable insight into Townshend’s mindset during the evolution of his Lifehouse project.

Townshend also wrote three sizeable essays for Rolling Stone magazine, the first of which appeared in November 1970. "In Love With Meher Baba" described Townshend’s spiritual leanings. "Meaty, Beaty, Big and Bouncy", a blow-by-blow account of The Who compilation album of the same name, followed in December, 1971. The third article, "The Punk Meets the Godmother", appeared in November 1977.

Also in 1977, Townshend founded Eel Pie Publishing, which specialized in children's titles, music books, and several Meher Baba-related publications. Eel Pie Publishing is a publishing house founded by musician and author Pete Townshend in 1977 and named after Eel Pie Island. A bookstore named Magic Bus (after the popular Who song) was opened in London. The Story of Tommy, a book written by Townshend and his art school friend Richard Barnes about the writing of Townshend’s 1969 rock opera and the making of the 1975 Ken Russell-directed film, was published by Eel Pie the same year. Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell, known as Ken Russell (born 3 July 1927 is an English Film director.

In July 1983, Townshend took a position as an acquisitions editor for London publisher Faber and Faber. Faber and Faber, often abbreviated to Faber, is an independent publishing house in the UK, notable in particular for publishing Notable projects included editing Animals frontman Eric Burdon’s autobiography, Charles Shaar Murray’s award-winning Crosstown Traffic, Brian Eno and Russell Mills's More Dark Than Shark, and working with Prince Charles on a volume of his collected speeches. Eric Victor Burdon (born 11 May 1941, Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne) is the former lead singer of The Animals and War Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno (born 15 May 1948 commonly known as Brian Eno (ˈiːnoʊ is an English Musician, producer Townshend commissioned Dave Rimmer’s Like Punk Never Happened, and was commissioning editor for radical playwright Steven Berkoff. Steven Berkoff (born 3 August 1937 is an English Actor, Writer and director.

Two years after joining Faber and Faber, Townshend decided to publish a book of his own. Horse’s Neck, published in May 1985, was a collection of short stories he’d written between 1979 and 1984, tackling subjects such as childhood, stardom and spirituality. As a result of his position with Faber and Faber, Townshend developed a friendship with the Nobel prize-winning author of Lord of the Flies, Sir William Golding, and became friends with British Poet Laureate Ted Hughes. Sir William Gerald Golding ( 19 September, 1911 – 19 June, 1993) was a British novelist poet and Nobel Prize for Literature Edward James Hughes OM ( 17 August 1930 &ndash 28 October 1998) was an English Poet and children's His friendship with Hughes led to Townshend’s musical interpretation of Hughes's children's story, The Iron Man, six years later.

Townshend has written several scripts spanning the breadth of his career, including numerous drafts of his elusive Lifehouse project, the last of which, co-written with radio playwright Jeff Young, was published in 1999. In 1978, Townshend wrote a script for Fish Shop, a play commissioned but not completed by London Weekend Television, and in mid-1984 he wrote a script for White City which led to a short film.

In 1989, Townshend began work on a novel entitled Ray High & The Glass Household, a draft of which was later submitted to his editor. While the original novel remains unpublished, elements from this story were used in Townshend’s 1993 solo album Psychoderelict.

In 1993, Townshend authored another book, The Who’s Tommy, a chronicle of the development of the award-winning Broadway version of his rock opera. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located

The opening of his personal website and his commerce site Eelpie. com, both in 2000, gave Townshend another outlet for literary work. Several of Townshend’s essays have been posted online, including "Meher Baba—The Silent Master: My Own Silence" in 2001, and "A Different Bomb," an indictment of the child pornography industry, the following year.

Townshend’s most recent literary contribution is The Boy Who Heard Music, a novella which began a chapter-a-week online posting in September 2005. The Boy Who Heard Music is a rock Opus that began life as an Internet Novella written by musician and songwriter Pete Townshend. It is now available to read at his website. Like Psychoderelict this is yet another extrapolation of Lifehouse and Ray High & The Glass Household.

Townshend signed a deal with Little, Brown publishing in 1997 to write his autobiography. Reportedly half-complete and titled Pete Townshend: Who He? this is a work in progress. Townshend's creative vagaries and conceptual machinations have been chronicled by Larry David Smith in his book The Minstrel's Dilemma (Praeger 1999).

Religion

Townshend showed no predilection for religious belief in the first years of The Who's career and few would have suspected that the violent guitar-smasher was even a closet acolyte. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend This article is about religious acolytes For other uses see Acolyte (disambiguation. By the beginning of 1968, however, Townshend had begun to explore spiritual ideas. In January 1968, The Who recorded his song "Faith in Something Bigger" (Odds and Sods LP). Odds & Sods is an Album by British rock band The Who. In the Autumn of 1973 while Roger Daltrey, Later that same month during a tour of Australia and New Zealand, The Small Faces' member Ronnie Lane introduced Townshend to the writings of the Indian "perfect master" Meher Baba, who blended elements of Vedantic, Sufi, and mystic schools. Small Faces were an English rock group from East London, heavily influenced by American Rhythm and blues. Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" Lane ( 1 April 1946 - 4 June 1997) was an English Singer, Songwriter Meher Baba ( Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा) (February 25 1894 Merwan Sheriar Irani – January 31 1969 was an Indian mystic and spiritual Vedanta ( Devanagari: sa वेदान्त Vedānta) is a spiritual tradition explained in the Upanishads that is concerned with the Self-realisation Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف

Townshend swiftly absorbed all the writings of Meher Baba he could find and by April 1968, announced himself a disciple of Baba. Meher Baba ( Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा) (February 25 1894 Merwan Sheriar Irani – January 31 1969 was an Indian mystic and spiritual It was at that time that Townshend, who had been searching the past two years for a basis for a rock opera, created a story inspired by the teachings of Baba and other Indian spiritualists that would ultimately become Tommy.

Tommy did more than revitalize The Who's career (which was moderately successful at this point but had plateaued), it also marked a renewal of Townshend's songwriting and his spiritual studies infused most of his work from Tommy forward, including the unfinished Who project Lifehouse. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend For the 2005 album by the band Lifehouse, see Lifehouse (Lifehouse album. The Who song "Baba O'Riley", written for Lifehouse and eventually appearing on the album Who's Next, was named for Meher Baba and minimalist composer Terry Riley. " Baba O'Riley " is a song by the English rock band The Who, written by Pete Townshend. Who's Next is the fifth album by the English rock band The Who. Terry Riley (born June 24 1935) is an American composer associated with the minimalist school However, unlike other openly spiritual rock stars whose music became dogmatic once they discovered religion, Townshend generally soft-pedaled the religious nature of his work. This may have been because his newfound passion was not shared by his bandmates, whose attitude was tolerant, but who were unwilling to become the spokesmen for a particular religion. Few of the thousands of fans who packed stadiums across Europe and America to see The Who noticed the religious message in the songs: that "Bargain" and the middle section of "Behind Blue Eyes" from Who's Next and "Listening To You" from Tommy were all originally written as prayers, that "Drowned" from Quadrophenia and "Don't Let Go The Coat" from Face Dances were based on sayings by Meher Baba, that the "who are you, who, who, who, who" chorus from the song "Who Are You" was based on Sufi chants, or that "Let My Love Open The Door" was not a message from a lover but from God. Who's Next is the fifth album by the English rock band The Who. " Behind Blue Eyes " is a Song written by Pete Townshend of The Who for his Lifehouse project Who's Next is the fifth album by the English rock band The Who. Quadrophenia is the sixth album by the English rock band The Who. Beloved God is the common name of a prayer created by Meher Baba on August 25, 1959. Face Dances is the ninth album by the English rock band The Who. Meher Baba ( Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा) (February 25 1894 Merwan Sheriar Irani – January 31 1969 was an Indian mystic and spiritual

In interviews Townshend was more open about his beliefs, penning an article on Baba for Rolling Stone in 1970 and stating that following Baba's teachings, he was opposed to the use of all psychedelic drugs, making him one of the first rock stars with counterculture credibility to turn against their use. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published Psychedelic drugs are Psychoactive drugs whose primary action is to alter the thought processes of the brain and perception of the mind Counterculture (also " counter-culture " is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a Cultural group, or ^[11]

His stardom quickly made him the world's most notable follower of Meher Baba. Having just missed out on meeting his avatar with Baba's death 31 January 1969 (work on Tommy kept him from making the pilgrimage), Townshend made several trips to visit Baba's tomb in India as well as becoming a frequent visitor to the Meher Baba Spiritual Center in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Meher Spiritual Center is a 500 acre spiritual retreat nestled in a pine forest along the Atlantic Ocean between Myrtle Beach South Carolina and At home he recorded and released his most overtly spiritual songs on records assembled, pressed and sold by Baba organizations. When these records became widely bootlegged, Townshend put together a selection of the tracks for release as the solo album Who Came First. Who Came First is the first major-label solo album by Pete Townshend, Guitarist and lead Songwriter of The Who. One of the songs from that album, "Parvardigar", a Baba prayer set to music by Townshend, would gradually be accepted as a hymn by the Baba movement. O Parvardigar is the common name of a Prayer composed by Meher Baba, sometimes called the Master's Prayer or the Universal Prayer. In 1976 he opened the Oceanic Centre in London, using it as a haven for English Baba followers and Americans making a pilgrimage to Baba's tomb as well as a place for small concerts (one such in 1979 was released on CD in 2001 as Pete Townshend & Raphael Rudd—The Oceanic Concerts) and a repository for films made of Baba. The Oceanic Concerts is a collaboration album with Pete Townshend and Raphael Rudd that was first publicly released in 2001

Townshend became a lower-profile member after 1982, having felt that his just-ended two-year indulgence in cocaine and heroin had made him a poor candidate to be a spokesman. Nevertheless his discipleship remains an ever-present element of his career and a key to those looking for the meaning and background to his work.

Personal life

Townshend met Karen Astley (daughter of composer Ted Astley) while in art school and married her in 1968. Edwin Astley (1922&mdash1998 was a British Composer, occasionally credited as Ted Astley. The couple separated in 1994 and Townshend announced they would divorce in 2000. They have three children: Emma (b. Emma Townshend (born 1969) is a journalist and lecturer she is the elder daughter of The Who 's Pete Townshend. 1969), who is a singer/songwriter, Aminta (b. 1971), and Joseph (b. 1989). For many years Townshend refused to confirm or deny rumors that he was bisexual. Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation In a 2002 interview with Rolling Stone magazine, however, he explained that, although he engaged in some brief same-sex experimentation in the 1960s, he is heterosexual. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published Heterosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the opposite sex or to a heterosexual orientation Townshend currently lives with his long-time partner, musician Rachel Fuller, in Richmond, England. Rachel Fuller (born 24 July 1973) is a classically trained British musician Richmond is a town and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in England. He also owns a house in Churt, Surrey, England.

Charity work

Pete Townshend has woven a long history of involvement with various charities and other philanthropic efforts throughout his career, both as a solo artist and with The Who. His first solo concert, for example, was a 1974 benefit show which was organized to raise funds for the Camden Square Community Play Center.

The earliest public example of Townshend’s involvement with charitable causes is the relationship he established with the Richmond-based Meher Baba Association. Meher Baba ( Devanāgarī: मेहेर बाबा) (February 25 1894 Merwan Sheriar Irani – January 31 1969 was an Indian mystic and spiritual In 1968, Townshend donated the use of his former Wardour Street apartment to the Meher Baba Association. The following year, the association was moved to another Townshend-owned apartment, the Eccleston Square former residence of wife Karen. Townshend sat on a committee which oversaw the operation and finances of the center. "The committee sees to it that it is open a couple of days a week, and keeps the bills paid and the library full," he wrote in a 1970 Rolling Stone article. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published

In 1969 and 1972 Townshend produced two limited-release albums, Happy Birthday and I Am, for the London-based Baba association. This led to 1972’s Who Came First, a more widespread release, 15 percent of the revenue of which went to the Baba association. A further limited release, With Love, was released in 1976. A limited-edition boxed set of all three limited releases on CD, Avatar, was released in 2000, with all profits going to the Avatar Meher Baba Trust in India, which provided funds to a dispensary, school, hospital and pilgrimage center. The Avatar Meher Baba Perpetual Public Charitable Trust (AMBPPCT is a Charitable trust created by Meher Baba in 1959 to fulfill after his death various

In July 1976, Townshend opened Meher Baba Oceanic, a London activity centre for Baba followers which featured film dubbing and editing facilities, a cinema and a recording studio. In addition, the centre served as a regular meeting place for Baba followers. Townshend offered very economical (reportedly £1 per night) lodging for American Baba followers who needed an overnight stay on their pilgrimages to India. "For a few years, I had toyed with the idea of opening a London house dedicated to Meher Baba," he wrote in a 1977 Rolling Stone article. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published "In the eight years I had followed him, I had donated only coppers to foundations set up around the world to carry out the Master’s wishes and decided it was about time I put myself on the line. The Who had set up a strong charitable trust of its own which appeased, to an extent, the feeling I had that Meher Baba would rather have seen me give to the poor than to the establishment of yet another so-called 'spiritual center'. "

Townshend also embarked on a project dedicated to the collection, restoration and maintenance of Meher Baba-related films. The project was known as MEFA, or Meher Baba European Film Archive.

Children's charities

Townshend has been an active champion of children’s charities. The debut of Pete Townshend’s stage version of Tommy took place at San Diego’s La Jolla Playhouse in July 1992. The show was earmarked as a benefit for the London-based Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy Foundation, an organization which helps autistic and retarded children. The Nordoff-Robbins approach to Music therapy developed from the pioneering work of Paul Nordoff and Clive Robbins in the 1950s/60s

Townshend performed at a 1995 benefit organized by Paul Simon at Madison Square Garden's Paramount Theatre, for The Children’s Health Fund. Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13 1941 is an American Songwriter, Musician, and member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, and known colloquially as The Garden, has been the name of four Arenas in New York City. The following year, Townshend performed at a benefit for the Bridge School, a California facility for children with severe speech and physical impairments. In 1997, Townshend established a relationship with Maryville Academy, a Chicago area children’s charity. Between 1997 and 2002, Townshend played five benefit shows for Maryville Academy, raising at least $1,600,000. In addition, proceeds from the sales of his 1999 release Pete Townshend Live were also donated to Maryville Academy.

As a member of The Who, Pete Townshend has also performed a series of concerts, beginning in 2000, benefitting the Teenage Cancer Trust in the UK, raising several million pounds. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend Teenage Cancer Trust is a charity that focuses on the needs of Teenagers and young adults with Cancer, Leukaemia, Hodgkin’s and related diseases by providing In 2005, Townshend performed at New York’s Gotham Hall for Samsung’s Four Seasons of Hope, an annual children's charity fundraiser.

Drug rehabilitation

Townshend has also advocated for drug rehabilitation. Drug rehabilitation (often drug rehab or just rehab) is an umbrella term for the processes of medical and/or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency “What I’m most active in doing is raising money to provide beds in clinics to help people that have become victims of drug abuse,” he said in a late 1985 radio interview. “In Britain, the facilities are very, very, very lean indeed . . . although we have a national health service, a free medical system, it does nothing particularly for class A drug addicts – cocaine abusers, heroin abusers . Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative . . we’re making a lot of progress . . . the British government embarked on an anti-heroin campaign with advertising, and I was co-opted by them as a kind of figurehead, and then the various other people co-opted me into their own campaigns, but my main work is raising money to try and open a large clinic. ”

The "large clinic" Townshend was referring to was a plan he and drug rehabilitation pioneer Meg Patterson had devised to open a drug treatment facility in London; however, the plan failed to come to fruition. Two early 1979 concerts by the Who raised £20,000 for Patterson’s Pharmakon Clinic in Sussex.

Further examples of Townshend’s anti-drug activism took place in the form of a 1984 benefit concert, an article he wrote a few days later for Britain’s Mail On Sunday urging better care for the nation’s growing number of drug addicts, and the formation of a charitable organization, Double-O Charities, to raise funds for the causes he’d recently championed. A benefit concert is a Concert, show or gala featuring musicians comedians or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose often directed at a specific Townshend also personally sold fund-raising anti-heroin T-shirts at a series of UK Bruce Springsteen concerts, and reportedly financed a trip for troubled former Clash drummer Topper Headon to undergo drug rehabilitation treatment. Nicholas Bowen "Topper" Headon (born 30 May 1955, Bromley, Kent, England) known as 'Topper' (because of his resemblance Townshend's 1985–86 band, Deep End, played two benefits at Brixton Academy in 1985 for Double-O Charities.

Amnesty International

In 1979, Townshend became the first major rock musician to donate his services to the human rights organization Amnesty International when he performed three songs for its benefit show The Secret Policeman's Ball - performances that were released on record and seen in the film of the show. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to This article is about the iconic 1979 Amnesty International benefit show directed by John Cleese The show was Townshend's first major live solo appearance. Townshend's acoustic performances of three of his songs ("Pinball Wizard", "Drowned", and "Won't Get Fooled Again") were subsequently cited as having been the forerunner and inspiration for the "unplugged" phenomenon in the 1990s. " Pinball Wizard " is a song written by Pete Townshend and performed by the English rock band The Who, and featured on their 1969 Acoustic music refers to music that solely or primarily uses instruments which produce sound through entirely acoustic means as opposed to Electronic means Townshend had been invited to perform for Amnesty by Martin Lewis, the producer of The Secret Policeman's Ball who stated later that Townshend's participation had been the key to his securing the subsequent participation for Amnesty (in the 1981 sequel show) of Sting, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Phil Collins and Bob Geldof. This article is about Martin Lewis - the British-born humorist/writer/producer/TV and radio host This article is about the iconic 1979 Amnesty International benefit show directed by John Cleese Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born October 2, 1951) better known by his Stage name Sting, is a three time Academy Award Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945 is an English Blues-rock Guitarist, singer Songwriter and Composer Geoffrey Arnold "Jeff" Beck (born June 24, 1944 to Arnold and Ethel Beck in Wallington, England) is an English Philip David Charles Collins, LVO (born 30 January 1951 Chiswick, London) is an English Singer-songwriter, Drummer Robert Frederick Zenon Geldof, KBE, known as Bob Geldof (born 5 October 1951, is an Irish singer Other performers inspired to support Amnesty International in future Secret Policeman's Ball shows and other benefits because of Townshend's early commitment to the organization include Peter Gabriel, Bruce Springsteen, David Gilmour and U2 singer Bono who in 1986 told Rolling Stone magazine: "I saw The Secret Policeman's Ball and it became a part of me. This article is about the iconic 1979 Amnesty International benefit show directed by John Cleese Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950 in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English Musician and Songwriter. David Jon Gilmour CBE (born 6 March 1946 is an English Musician, best known as the Lead guitarist one of the lead Singers Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published It sowed a seed. . . . "

Miscellaneous efforts

Highlights of Pete Townshend’s other public charitable efforts include the following:

• A 1972 Tommy performance which raised nearly £10,000 for the Stars Organization for Spastics charity.
• A 1979 Rock Against Racism benefit concert, organized to raise money to pay the legal costs of those arrested in a London area anti-racism demonstration. A benefit concert is a Concert, show or gala featuring musicians comedians or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose often directed at a specific Townshend helped organize the show, topped the bill, and supplied the event lighting and equipment.
• A 1981 Rock Against Unemployment benefit concert, part of the People’s March For Jobs campaign. A benefit concert is a Concert, show or gala featuring musicians comedians or other performers that is held for a charitable purpose often directed at a specific
• A 1982 Prince’s Trust Gala Benefit performance.
• Involvement in fundraising supportive of Nelson Mandela’s African National Congress. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions
• Performing in a 1986 Royal Albert Hall benefit show for the victims of a Colombian Volcano disaster which killed over 25,000 people. The Royal Albert Hall is an Arts venue situated in the Knightsbridge area of the City of Westminster, London, England, best known
• A 2001 benefit show for San Diego’s La Jolla Playhouse which raised approximately $100,000. La Jolla Playhouse is a not-for-profit professional theatre-in-residence on the campus of the University of California San Diego.
• Performing in Rock the Dock, a 1998 benefit for striking Liverpool dock workers.
• Organizing an online auction in 2000 to raise funds for Oxfam’s emergency services to help those affected by floods in Mozambique and a combination of drought and food shortages in Ethiopia. Oxfam International is a confederation of 13 organizations working with over 3000 partners in more than 100 countries to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Among the auctioned items were a selection of gold and platinum awards, letters from celebrities such as Eric Clapton and Paul McCartney, and musical instruments (including a smashed Rickenbacker guitar and the guitar on which Townshend composed the Who classic "Behind Blue Eyes"). Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945 is an English Blues-rock Guitarist, singer Songwriter and Composer Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942 is an English rock Singer, Bass guitarist songwriter Composer, For the American WWI fighter pilot see Eddie Rickenbacker. For the airport see Rickenbacker International Airport. The centerpiece of the auction, however, was a 1957 Fender Stratocaster which was given to Townshend as a gift by Eric Clapton after Townshend had helped arrange Clapton’s 1973 comeback show at the Rainbow. The Fender Stratocaster, often referred to as the Strat, is a model of Electric guitar designed by Leo Fender, George Fullerton and Freddie Tavares Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945 is an English Blues-rock Guitarist, singer Songwriter and Composer The guitar was ultimately purchased by Pete Townshend, Mick Jagger and David Bowie, and presented to British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger, Kt (born 26 July 1943 is a Golden Globe -winning and two-time Grammy -winning English rock David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to
• Performing at the Royal Albert Hall in a 2004 Ronnie Lane tribute show which served as a fundraiser for both Lane’s family and multiple sclerosis research. Ronald Frederick "Ronnie" Lane ( 1 April 1946 - 4 June 1997) was an English Singer, Songwriter Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the

Legal matters

As part of the Operation Ore investigations, Townshend was cautioned by the police in 2003 after acknowledging a credit card access in 1999 to the Landslide website alleged to advertise child pornography. Operation Ore is a large-scale international police operation that commenced in 1999 intending to prosecute thousands of users of Websites featuring Child pornography A ‘Police ‘Caution’ administered for the purpose of disposing of a criminal offence should Child pornography refers to material depicting Children being in a state of undress engaged in erotic poses or sexual activity ^[12][13] He claimed in the press and on his website to have been engaged in research for A Different Bomb (a now-abandoned book based on an anti-child pornography essay published on his website in January 2002) and his autobiography, and as part of a campaign against child pornography. The police searched his house and confiscated 14 computers and other materials and after a four-month forensic investigation confirmed that they had found no evidence of child abuse images. Child sexual abuse is a form of Child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent Consequently, the police offered a caution rather than pressing charges, issuing a statement: "After four months of investigation by officers from Scotland Yard's child protection group, it was established that Mr Townshend was not in possession of any downloaded child abuse images. " In a statement issued by his solicitor ^[14], Townshend said, "I accept that I was wrong to access this site, and that by doing so, I broke the law, and I have accepted the caution that the police have given me. " As a statutory consequence of accepting the caution, Townshend was entered on the Violent and Sex Offender Register for five years. In the United Kingdom, the Violent and Sex Offender Register ( ViSOR) is a Database of records of those required to register with the Police under ^[15] This would normally prevent travel abroad, but in Townshend's case such restrictions have been waived, making possible his numerous concert performances with and without The Who since receiving the caution.

A later investigator stated that he was "falsely accused". ^[16] After obtaining copies of the Landslide hard drives and tracing Townshend's actions, investigative journalist Duncan Campbell wrote in PC Pro Magazine, "Under pressure of the media filming of the raid, Townshend appears to have confessed to something he didn't do. Duncan Campbell is a British freelance Investigative journalist and Television producer who has specialised in intelligence issues was prosecuted under the PC Pro is one of several Computer magazines published monthly in the United Kingdom by Dennis Publishing. " Campbell states that their entire evidence against Townshend was that he accessed a single site among the Landslide offerings which was not connected with child pornography. ^[17]

Guest Appearances

• Because You're Young with David Bowie on Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps) (1980)
• Lonely at the Top and Hard Women with Mick Jagger on She's the Boss (1985)
• Joy and Gun with Mick Jagger on Goddess in the Doorway (2001)
• Slow Burn with David Bowie on Heathen (2002)

In 1968 Townshend helped assemble a band called Thunderclap Newman consisting of three musicians he knew. " Because You're Young " is a song written by David Bowie in 1980 for the album Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps is an album by David Bowie, released in September 1980 by RCA Records. Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger, Kt (born 26 July 1943 is a Golden Globe -winning and two-time Grammy -winning English rock She's the Boss is the solo album debut by The Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger and was released in 1985. Sir Michael Philip "Mick" Jagger, Kt (born 26 July 1943 is a Golden Globe -winning and two-time Grammy -winning English rock Goddess in the Doorway is the fourth Solo album by Mick Jagger and was released in 2001 " Slow Burn " is a song written by David Bowie for the album Heathen in 2002. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Heathen is an album by the British singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in 2002 Thunderclap Newman was a late 1960s One-hit wonder band from the UK. Pianist Andy Newman (an old art school friend), drummer John "Speedy" Keen (who had written "Armenia City in the Sky" for The Who to record for their 1967 album The Who Sell Out) and teenage guitarist Jimmy McCullough (later to join Wings). John David Percy "Speedy" Keen ( 29 March 1945 &ndash 21 March 2002) was a member of the band Thunderclap Newman The Who Sell Out is the third album by the English rock band The Who, released in 1967 Jimmy McCulloch ( 4 June 1953 – 27 September 1979) was a Scottish Musician, born in Glasgow, who was best Townshend produced the band and played bass on their recordings under the tongue-in-cheek pseudonym "Bijou Drains". A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) Their first recording was the single "Something in the Air" which became a number one hit in the UK and a substantial hit elsewhere in the world. "Something in the Air" is a song recorded by Thunderclap Newman. Following this success, Townshend produced their sole album Hollywood Dreams.

For albums Townshend composed as a member of The Who, see their entry. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend Not included are albums by other artists on which Townshend played as a session musician. Through much of 2005, Pete Townshend recorded and performed alongside his partner Rachel Fuller, a classically trained pianist and singer-songwriter. Rachel Fuller (born 24 July 1973) is a classically trained British musician

In 2006, Townshend opened a website for implementation of The Lifehouse Method based on his 1971 Lifehouse concept. The Lifehouse Method is an Internet site where applicants can sit for an electronic musical portrait made up from data they enter into the website For the 2005 album by the band Lifehouse, see Lifehouse (Lifehouse album. This website is in collaboration with composer Lawrence Ball and software developer David Snowden. Lawrence Ball is an English musician and composer who currently lives in North London. Applicants at the website can input data to compose a musical 'portrait' which the musical team may then develop into larger compositions for a planned concert or series of concerts to be announced.

Awards

• BRIT Awards 1983 - Life Achievement Award
• Tony Award 1993 - Best Original Score (music & lyrics) - The Who's Tommy (tie)
• Grammy Awards 1993 - Best Musical Show Album (as composer and lyricist of The Who's Tommy)

See also

• Guitar Moves
• Cliff Townshend
• The Who

References

1. "The Rolling Stone Interview: Pete Townshend." by Jann Wenner, Rolling Stone, 14-18 September 1968
2. "Pete and Tommy, Among Others" by Rick Sanders & David Dalton, Rolling Stone, July 12, 1969
3. "In Love With Meher Baba" by Pete Townshend, Rolling Stone, November 26, 1970
4. "The Pete Townshend Pages" by Pete Townshend, Melody Maker, 22 August 1970 - 14 April 1971
5. "Pete Townshend: The Penthouse Interview" by Cameron Crowe, Penthouse, December 1974
6. "The Spiritual Responsibility Of Pete Townshend" by Joseph Rose, Hit Parader, June 1975
7. "The Punk as Godfather" by Roy Carr, New Musical Express, 31 May 1975
8. "The Punk Meets The Godmother" by Pete Townshend, Rolling Stone, 17 November 1977
9. "Conversations With Pete" by Charles Shaar Murray, New Musical Express, 19 April 1980
10. "Interview with Pete Townshend" by Greil Marcus, Rolling Stone, June 26, 1980
11. "Heroes and Junkies" by Pete Townshend, Time Out, 12-18 March 1982
12. "Pete Townshend: The Penthouse Interview" by Kathleen McAuliffe, Penthouse, August 1983
13. "Pete Townshend: The Playboy Interview" by David Sheff, Playboy, February 1994
14. "An Introduction to Lifehouse" by Pete Townshend, The Richmond Review, 1999
15. "Machine Gun" by Alan Di Perna, Guitar World Acoustic, no. 38, Summer 2000
16. "Not F-F-Fade Away" by Gary Graff, Guitar One, September 2000
17. "Pete Townshend: The Rolling Stone Interview" by Chris Heath, Rolling Stone, July 2002
18. "Pete Townshend Smashes Guitar... for Charity" Modern Guitars Magazine, 12 August 2005
19. ^  Welsh Affairs Committee - Fourth Report, British House of Commons. Gary Graff (born 1960 is an American music journalist and Author. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Operation Ore "started when, in 2001, the details of 7,272 British suspects who had accessed child abuse images on a US website with their credit cards were passed to UK authorities. Operation Ore is a large-scale international police operation that commenced in 1999 intending to prosecute thousands of users of Websites featuring Child pornography "
20. ^  Pete Townshend: 'I am not a paedophile', The Daily Mail, 11 January 2003
21. ^  Pete Townshend's statement in full, BBC News website, 11 January 2003
22. ^  Cops can come and get me, The Sun, 12 Jan 2003 - Sun's archive is pay-per-view, story copied on internet at the Archives of The Who Mailing List
23. ^  Child porn probe police meet musician Townshend, The Daily Mail, 13 January 2003
24. ^  I need to clarify a few things I think, Pete's Diaries, 10 November 2004
25. ^  Townshend arrested over child porn, The Guardian, 14 January 2003
26. ^  Townshend to escape charges, Daily Mail, 10 March 2003: "Although police have not formally completed their inquiry, it is believed they are planning to caution Townshend. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. For that to happen, the 57-year-old would have to make an admission of guilt, therefore giving him a criminal record. "
27. ^  Townshend on sex register, Daily Mail, 7 May 2003: "Police stressed that access and payment for child abuse images was an offence. 'Inciting others to distribute these images leads to young children being seriously sexually assaulted to meet the growing demands of the Internet customer. '"
28. ^  The MAPPA Guidance, National Probation Service for England and Wales, Circular 25/2003, 31 March 2003: "Part I of the Sex Offender Act 1997 defines registered sex offenders as those offenders having been convicted or cautioned since September 1997 of certain sexual offences, or who at that point were serving a sentence for a like offence. "
29. ^ Silence Day, Pete's Diaries, 10 July 2003
30. "Pete Townshend Blows Off Howard Stern" breitbart. com, 26 October 2006
31. ^ "Operation Ore Exposed" PC Pro, 1 July 2005
32. ^ "Child porn suspects set to be cleared in evidence ‘shambles’" The Sunday Times (UK), 3 July 2005
33. David Jensen's Celebrity Podcasts: Pete Townshend." Download David Jensen's interview with Pete Townshend recorded for Capital Gold UK Radio in March 2007

External links

• Pete Townshend's official web site
• The Boy Who Heard Music.com - Pete and The Who Fan Website
• Pete Townshend's commercial Eelpie web site
• "Pete's Diaries"
• Pete Townshend's equipment
• The Who Location Guide - Includes Pete Townshend locations section.
• 'A Different Bomb' by Pete Townshend as posted by The Smoking Gun website
• The Who Forum: Who & Pete Townshend News and discussion community.
• Rolling Stone interview, 1970
• The Who ("Towser") TV: Online Webcasts
• The Man Who Hears Music
• Pete Townshend: Who, He? (and Us)
• Pete Townshend: Classy and Articulate (1982 Audio interview) at Crawdaddy!
• Pete Townshend at the Internet Movie Database
• Pete Townshend at Allmusic

PC Pro is one of several Computer magazines published monthly in the United Kingdom by Dennis Publishing. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Crawdaddy! was the first US magazine of Rock and roll music criticism allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide.

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