| Pervez Musharraf پرويز مشرف |
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| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 20 June 2001 |
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| Prime Minister | Zafarullah Khan Jamali Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain Shaukat Aziz Muhammad Mian Soomro Yousaf Raza Gillani |
| Preceded by | Muhammad Rafiq Tarar |
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| In office 12 October 1999 – 20 June 2001 |
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| President | Muhammad Rafiq Tarar |
| Preceded by | Nawaz Sharif |
| Succeeded by | Zafarullah Khan Jamali |
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| Born | 11 August 1943 Delhi, British India |
| Political party | PML-Q |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: پرويز مشرف) (IPA: /ˈpəɹ. The President of Pakistan ( Urdū: صدر Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the Head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali ( Urdu / Baloch: میر ظفراللہ خان جمالی) (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain ( Urdu: چودھری شجاعت حسین) (born January 27, 1946) is a politician from Pakistan who was the Shaukat Aziz ( Urdu: شوکت عزیز) (born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan) was the Prime Minister of Pakistan Muhammadmian Soomro ( Sindhi: محمد میاں سومرو) (born August 19 1950) is a Pakistani politician who has been the Chairman Syed Makhdoom Yousaf Raza Gilani ( (born June 9, 1952) is a Pakistani politician who is currently the twenty-sixth Muhammad Rafiq Tarar ( Urdu: محمد رفیق تارڑ) (b November 2, 1929) was President of Pakistan from January 1, General (ret Pervez Musharraf ( (born 11 August 1943 NI(M, HI(M, TBt, is the former Military dictator and President of Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar ( Urdu: محمد رفیق تارڑ) (b November 2, 1929) was President of Pakistan from January 1, Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif also known as Nawaz Sharif ( Urdu:) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali ( Urdu / Baloch: میر ظفراللہ خان جمالی) (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Pakistan Muslim League (Q or officially Pakistan Muslim League (پاکستان مسلم لیگ ق is a centrist conservative Political party in Pakistan Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic vɛz muˈʃɑɹ. əf/[1]) NI, HI (born August 11, 1943) is the, current de facto President of Pakistan. Nishan-e-Imtiaz or Nishan-i-Imtiaz ( Urdu: نشان امتیاز) is the highest honor given to a civilian in Pakistan. Hilal-i-Imtiaz or Hilal-e-Imtiaz is the second highest honor given to a civilian or a military personnel in Pakistan. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The President of Pakistan ( Urdū: صدر Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the Head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The constitutional legality of his current second term in office, as President, is pending in the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Currently, his status as a President remains unconstitutional and thus illegal. He was also the Chief Executive of Pakistan as well as former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army[2]. General (ret Pervez Musharraf ( (born 11 August 1943 NI(M, HI(M, TBt, is the former Military dictator and President of The Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army (COAS is the highest post in the Pakistan Army. The Pakistan Army ( Urdu:) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders the security of administered
He seized power in 1999 by effecting a military coup d'état and has suspended the constitution of Pakistan twice; since then, after announcing his intention to combat extremists, Western countries (including the United States and the United Kingdom) have switched from sanctions to active support through military and monetary aid. In October 1999 General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistani army launched a coup to topple Nawaz Sharif, then The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located He took power on October 12, 1999, ousting Nawaz Sharif, the elected Prime Minister, dismissed the national and provincial legislative assemblies, assumed the title of Chief Executive and became Pakistan's de facto head of government, thereby becoming the fourth Army chief of Pakistan to have assumed executive control. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif also known as Nawaz Sharif ( Urdu:) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan The Prime Minister of Pakistan, in Urdu وزیر اعظم Wazir-e- Azam meaning "Grand Minister", is the Head of Government Later in 2001, Musharraf appointed himself to the office of President of Pakistan.
On November 3, 2007, only days before a bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan was to decide on a petition challenging the constitutional validity of his re-election as president in the controversial October 2007 elections, he, as Chief of Army Staff, suspended the constitution, jailed several justices and lawyers of the supreme court including Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, ordered the arrest of political dissidents and human rights activists, and shut down all private television channels. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Supreme Court ( Urdu: عدالت عظمیٰ) is the apex court in Pakistan 's judicial hierarchy the final arbiter of legal and constitutional An indirect presidential election was held in Pakistan on 6 October 2007. The Chief Justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry ( افتخار محمد چودھری) (born 12 December 1948)in a village of Faisalabad and belonging to the Ghorewaha [3] On November 3, 2007, Musharraf declared a state of emergency in Pakistan which lasted until December 15, 2007. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A 2007 Pakistani state of emergency was declared by Pervez Musharraf on November 3, 2007 and lasted until December 15, 2007,during Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. During this time, the constitution of the country was suspended. [4][5]
On November 24, 2007, the Pakistan Election Commission confirmed his re-election as President. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [6]
Early life
Pervez Musharraf was born on August 11, 1943 in Nahr wali Haveli, situated in Kacha Saad Ullah Mohallah, Daryaganj in Delhi, British India. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Haveli ( Urdu: حویلی, Hindi: हवेली) is the term used for a private residence in Pakistan and North India. Daryaganj, also called Darya Ganj ( Hindi: दरियागंज Urdu: درِیاگںج Punjabi: ਦਰਿਯਾਗਂਜ lit Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British [7] He is from a family of civil servants. After Musharraf's grandfather, Qazi Mohtashimuddin, retired as the commissioner of undivided Punjab he bought Neharwali Haveli in the old walled city of Delhi where Musharraf was born. Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions especially referring to a high-ranked public (administrative or Police) official or an analogous Punjab was a province of British India, it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British rule The haveli, with its high roofs and arches, is believed to have been the home of a "Wazir" (Minister) in the court of Bahadur Shah Zafar — the last Mughal emperor of the 18th century. A Vizier ( - wazīr) (sometimes also spelled Vazir Vizir Vasir Wazir Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many western Asian Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar, also known as Bahadur Shah or Bahadur Shah II; 24 October 1775 7 November 1862 was the last of the Mughal [8] After partition, Musharraf's family migrated to Pakistan where his father, Syed Musharraf Uddin — a graduate of Aligarh University — joined the Pakistan foreign service and later retired as Secretary of foreign affairs. Aligarh Muslim University is a Residential Academic Institution which was established in 1875 Musharraf's mother, Zarin, received her master's degree from the University of Lucknow in 1944. The University of Lucknow is a university in the city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. She recently retired from the UNO agency in ISB.
He revealed in his memoirs that he was critically injured after falling from a mango tree as a teenager, and he considers this his first direct experience with death. for other uses see Memoir (disambiguation As a literary Genre, a memoir (from the French: mémoire Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae [9]
Musharraf attended Saint Patrick's School, Karachi, graduating in 1958, later attending Forman Christian College in Lahore. (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million Forman Christian College is a private chartered University in Lahore, Pakistan. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. He also participated in a certificate course for media management from Delhi university. [9]He is said to have been good in mathematics during his student days.
Musharraf is married to Sehba, who is from Okara. Okara Urdu: ( اوکاڑہ is the capital city of Okara District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. They have a son, Bilal, who was a graduate student at Stanford University and currently works in the Silicon Valley, and a daughter, Ayla Raza, who works as an architect in Karachi. Bilal Musharraf ( Urdu: بلال مشرف) is the son of Sehba Musharraf and Pervez Musharraf, the former President of Pakistan. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in
Military career
| Pervez Musharraf | |
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 General Musharraf |
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| Service/branch | Pakistan Army (PA – 6920) |
| Years of service | 1964 - 2007 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands held | DGMO (Military Operations) I Corps (Mangla) Chief of Army Staff |
| Battles/wars | Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Siachen conflict Kargil War |
| Awards | Tamgha-e-Basalat Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military) Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) |
In 1961, he entered the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul, graduating 11th in his class. The Pakistan Army ( Urdu:) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders the security of administered Mangla ( Urdu: منگلا village is located in Mirpur District, Azad Kashmir, while Mangla Cantt is located in Jhelum District, The Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army (COAS is the highest post in the Pakistan Army. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of Skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between India and Pakistan. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan. see also Siachen Glacier The Siachen Conflict, sometimes referred to as The Siachen War was a military conflict between India and Pakistan The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July Hilal-i-Imtiaz or Hilal-e-Imtiaz is the second highest honor given to a civilian or a military personnel in Pakistan. Nishan-e-Imtiaz or Nishan-i-Imtiaz ( Urdu: نشان امتیاز) is the highest honor given to a civilian in Pakistan. Pakistan Military Academy ( PMA) is the Military Academy of Pakistan Army. Kakul is a town situated in the Kakul Valley at an elevation of 1300 metres 5 km north of Abbottabad city near the Thandiani Hills in the North-West He was commissioned in 1964 in the Artillery Regiment. Later he joined the Special Services Group and was posted to Field Artillery Regiments. Special Service Group (SSG is an independent Commando division of the Pakistan Army. A graduate of the Command and Staff College, Quetta, and the National Defence College, Rawalpindi, Musharraf is also a graduate of the Royal College of Defence Studies of the United Kingdom. The Command and Staff College was established in 1907 at Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. ( Urdu: کوئٹہ) ( Pashto: کوټه) also spelled Kwatah City is a variation of kwatkot a Pashto word meaning “fort National Defence University (NDU is a Pakistani military institution whose origin goes back to the year 1963 when the 1st Army War Course started at the Command and Staff College ( Urdu: Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad, in the province The Royal College of Defence Studies (RCDS is an internationally-renowned institution and component of the Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Musharraf revealed in his memoirs that in 1965 he was charged with taking unauthorized leave and was about to be court-martialed for it, but was excused due to the war with India. In Military terminology desertion is the Abandonment of a " Duty " or post without permission from one's Government or superior A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a Military court. These military courts can determine Punishments for members of the Military subject [9]
Indo-Pakistani wars
Musharraf participated in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 as the 2nd Lieutenant in the 16 (SP) Field Artillery Regiment. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of Skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between India and Pakistan. Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services His regiment saw action as part of the First Armoured Division’s offensive in the Khemkaran sector, as part of a major offensive against the Indian Army, the Pakistani army advanced 15 miles into India and it was in the town of Khem Karan that Musharraf wrote his first letter to his mother during the war "proudly saying that I was writing from India". WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khem Karan is a town and a Nagar panchayat in Tarn Taran district in the Indian [9] However despite the initial success and possessing a quantitative advantage and significant superiority in armour,[10] the 1st armoured division (labelled "pride of the Pakistan Army") suffered a "crushing defeat" at Khemkaran, which became known as "Patton Nagar" or graveyard of Pakistani tanks. [11] By all accounts the vital advance failed at the Battle of Asal Uttar, as Pakistan lost a golden opportunity to make major strategic gains, and was a turning point in the war. The Battle of Asal Uttar ( Hindi: Battle of Fitting Reply) was one of the most decisive battles fought during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. [12][11]. His regiment was later moved to the Lahore front which was threatened by the Indian Army, according to Musharraf "Having stabilized the Lahore front, we were ordered to move again to the Sialkot front. This was where the famous tank battles of Chawinda were fought. At the end of the war this sector was to become a graveyard of Indian tanks. "[13]. During the war Musharraf was noted for sticking to his post under shellfire,[14] towards the end of the war an Indian shell hit one of the artillery guns of Musharraf's unit and set it on fire, according to Musharraf whilst everyone else took cover, he followed by another soldier "dashed to the blazing gun" and removed the "hot shells" one by one and "threw them to safety on the ground" - for this he received an award for gallantry and was promoted to the rank of captain[13].
Later, in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 he served as a Company Commander in the Special Service Group (SSG) Commando Battalion. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan. A company is a Military unit, typically consisting of 75-200 Soldiers Most companies are formed of three to five Platoons although the exact number may vary Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service Special Service Group (SSG is an independent Commando division of the Pakistan Army. Originally scheduled to be flown to East Pakistan along with other SSG troops, he was redeployed in Punjab as war broke out and all flights over India were cancelled. East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was He later admitted that he "broke down and wept"[9] when he heard the "disgusting" news of Pakistan's unconditional surrender to India. [15] Later he commanded Regiments of Artillery, an Artillery Brigade and then an Infantry Division. An artillery brigade is a specialised form of Military Brigade dedicated to providing Artillery support A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers In September 1987, he was instrumental in giving orders to a newly formed SSG at Khapalu base (Kashmir), which launched an assault and successfully captured two intermediate posts, Bilafond La in Siachen Glacier, before being pushed back. Bilafond La (meaning "Pass of the Butterflies" also known as the Saltoro Pass, is a Mountain pass situated on Saltoro Ridge, which sits see Siachen conflict for the military conflict over this area The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya [16]
On promotion to the rank of Major General on January 15, 1991, he was assigned the command of an Infantry Division. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Later, on promotion to Lieutenant General on October 21, 1995 he took over command of 1 Corps, the elite strike Corps. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 In 1998, following the resignation of General Jehangir Karamat, he was personally promoted over other senior officers by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, as an obedient officer and took over as the Army Chief of Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif also known as Nawaz Sharif ( Urdu:) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan In March 1976 the Government of Pakistan adopted the recommendations of the White Paper on Higher Defence Reorganization
Role in Kargil Conflict
From May to July 1999, Pakistan and India were involved in the Kargil Conflict, an armed conflict between the two countries in the Kargil district of Kashmir. The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir It was planned and executed during General Musharraf's term as the Pakistani Army Chief of Staff under Prime Minister Sharif.
Sharif has claimed that Musharraf was solely responsible for the Kargil attacks. [17] On the other hand, Musharraf claims that the decision was made by Sharif, who was under United States pressure. Ex-CENTCOM Commander Anthony Zinni, and Sharif, have stated that Musharraf requested that the Prime Minister withdraw Pakistani troops from Kashmir. The United States Central Command ( USCENTCOM) is a theater -level Unified Combatant Command unit of the U Anthony Charles Zinni (born September 17 1943 is a retired four-star General in the United States Marine Corps and a former Commander in Chief of U [18]
Musharraf's role in planning the Kargil attacks was criticized by one British journalist for showing "a shocking lack of strategy. "[19]
Casualties on both sides had been particularly heavy in Kargil. [20] Musharraf had good relations with Jehangir Karamat from whom he took over the command. General (retd Jehangir Karamat ( Urdu: جہانگیر کرامت) is the former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army from Soon after the coup, one of the first to be appointed as minister was journalist Maleeha Lodhi who was close to Jehangir Karamat. Dr Maleeha Lodhi, HI, is a Journalist, Academic, and Diplomat from Pakistan. Also recruited was Shaukat Aziz (who served as the country's Prime Minister later) who volunteered to improve the economy. Western banks rescheduled Pakistani loans, which had been subjected to economic sanctions since Pakistan conducted atomic testing. Economic sanctions are domestic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries on another for a variety of reasons Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations
Pervez Musharraf resigned from the Army on 28 November 2007 in an attempt to regularise his position as President. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [21]
Presidency
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Military coup d'état
Musharraf became de facto Head of Government (using the title Chief Executive and assuming extensive powers) of Pakistan following a bloodless coup d'état on October 12, 1999. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and In recent history the Pakistani political processes have taken place in the framework of a Federal republic, where the system of government has at times been Parliamentary The Constitution of Pakistan (آئین پاکستان is the supreme law of Pakistan. The President of Pakistan ( Urdū: صدر Sadr-e-Mumlikat) is the Head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The Government of Pakistan ( Urdu: حکومتِ پاکستان uses a federal parliamentary system with a President as the Head of State and an indirectly-elected The Prime Minister of Pakistan, in Urdu وزیر اعظم Wazir-e- Azam meaning "Grand Minister", is the Head of Government Syed Makhdoom Yousaf Raza Gilani ( (born June 9, 1952) is a Pakistani politician who is currently the twenty-sixth Ministers of the Federal Government of Pakistan are sworn in by the President of Pakistan and constitutethe cabinet of Prime Minister Majlis-e-Shoora ( Urdu: مجلس شوری) ( Council of Advisors in Urdu, although referred to as " Parliament " is the federal The Senate of Pakistan is the Upper house of the Bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. The current Chairman ( presiding officer) of the Senate of Pakistan is Muhammad Mian Soomro The first Chairman of the Senate was Justice The National Assembly is the Lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. The Speaker's is the highest office of the National Assembly of Pakistan. These are the names of deputy speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan The Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan is a body of judges empowered under Article 209 of the Constitution of Pakistan to hear cases of misconduct against judges The Supreme Court ( Urdu: عدالت عظمیٰ) is the apex court in Pakistan 's judicial hierarchy the final arbiter of legal and constitutional The Chief Justice of Pakistan heads the Supreme Court of Pakistan. The Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan consists of 8 Muslim judges including the Chief Justice The Chief Justice heads the Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan. Establishment Islamabad High Court located in Islamabad the capital of Pakistan was established under a presidential order on December 14, 2007. There are five High Courts of Pakistan, each of four based in the capital city of one of the four provinces. The District Courts of Pakistan are courts that operate at the district level they are controlled by the high courts. Political parties in Pakistan' lists political parties in Pakistan. Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal ( MMA) (متحدہ مجلس عمل ( United Council of Action) is a coalition between religious-political parties in Pakistan. Muttahida Qaumi Movement (متحدہ قومی موومنٹ ( Muttahida Qaumi Movement) generally known as MQM or simply Muttahida, is a linguistic The Pakistan Muslim League (N ( Urdu: پاکستان مسلم لیگ ن) is a Political party in Pakistan. The Pakistan Muslim League (Q or officially Pakistan Muslim League (پاکستان مسلم لیگ ق is a centrist conservative Political party in Pakistan The Pakistan Peoples Party ( PPP) (پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی is Centre-left Political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf ( Urdu: پاکستان تحريک انصاف) ( Pakistan Movement for Justice) is a Political party in Political parties in Pakistan' lists political parties in Pakistan. Currently the internationally recognized territory of Pakistan is subdivided into four provinces and two territories A Governor in Pakistan is the appointed Head of Government of a Province. Government of Balochistan is based in the largest province of Pakistan in Quetta. The Government of North West Frontier Province (NWFP is in Peshawar, the provincial capital of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan The Government of Punjab, a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan, is based in Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province Government of Sindh is based in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ( Sind) سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and is home History The land was acquired from the North-West Frontier Province and Punjab in 1960, for the purpose of establishing Pakistan's new capital The Federally Administered Tribal Areas ( FATA) in Pakistan are areas outside the four provinces bordering Afghanistan, comprising a region The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free The Northern Areas ( Urdu:,) is officially referred to by the government of Pakistan as the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA The 2001 Local Government Ordinance provides for devolution of government to district administrations ||} See also Local government in Pakistan The Districts of Pakistan form the third tier of government in Pakistan, ranking as subdivisions of the provinces A Union Council or village council in Pakistan is an elected Local government body consisting of 21 councillors and headed by a Nazim (which is equivalent Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population (behind Indonesia and its status as a declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent In October 1999 General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistani army launched a coup to topple Nawaz Sharif, then Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) That day, Sharif attempted to dismiss Musharraf and install Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Director Ziauddin Butt in his place. History After independence in 1947 two new intelligence agencies were created in Pakistan called the Intelligence Bureau (IB and Military Intelligence Musharraf, who was out of the country, boarded a commercial airliner to return to Pakistan. Senior army generals refused to accept Musharraf's dismissal, which was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Sharif ordered the Karachi airport closed to prevent the landing of the airliner, which then circled the skies over Karachi. In the coup, the Generals ousted Sharif's administration and took over the airport. The plane landed, allegedly with only a few minutes of fuel to spare, and Musharraf assumed control of the government. Sharif was put under house arrest and later exiled, where he resided until he returned again to Pakistan on November 25, 2007. In Justice and Law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or electronic monitoring) is a measure by which
He and other leaders have subsequently been prevented from entering Pakistan. Reportedly, the disagreement between Musharraf and Sharif centred around the Prime Minister's desire to find a diplomatic resolution to the conflict with India in the Kashmir region. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir [22]
The existing President of Pakistan, Rafiq Tarar, remained in office until June 2001. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar ( Urdu: محمد رفیق تارڑ) (b November 2, 1929) was President of Pakistan from January 1, Musharraf formally appointed himself President on June 20, 2001, just days before his scheduled visit to Agra for talks with India. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Agra ( pronounced) (आगरा آگرا is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh,
Domestic issues
2002 elections
Shortly after Musharraf's takeover, several people filed court petitions challenging his assumption of power. However, he got The Oath of Judges Order 2000 issued. The Oath of Judges Order 2000 is order issued by then Chief Executive of Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf in January 2000. It required the judges to take a fresh oath of office swearing allegiance to military rule and to state they would make no decisions against the military. Many judges refused and resigned in protest. On May 12, 2000, the Supreme Court ordered Musharraf to hold national elections by October 12, 2002; elections for local governments took place in 2001. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Supreme Court ( Urdu: عدالت عظمیٰ) is the apex court in Pakistan 's judicial hierarchy the final arbiter of legal and constitutional Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
In an attempt to legitimize his presidency and assure its continuance after the approaching restoration of democracy, he held a referendum on April 30, 2002 to extend his term to five years after the October elections. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. However, the referendum was boycotted by the majority of Pakistani political groupings, which later complained that the vote was heavily rigged, and voter turnout was 30 percent or below by most estimates. A boycott is a form of Consumer activism involving the act of voluntarily abstaining from using buying or dealing with someone or some other organization as an expression of Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an Election. A few weeks later, Musharraf went on TV and apologized to the nation for "irregularities" in the referendum.
General elections were held in October 2002 and a plurality of the seats in the Parliament was won by the Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q), a pro-Musharraf party. Majlis-e-Shoora ( Urdu: مجلس شوری) ( Council of Advisors in Urdu, although referred to as " Parliament " is the federal The Pakistan Muslim League (Q or officially Pakistan Muslim League (پاکستان مسلم لیگ ق is a centrist conservative Political party in Pakistan It formed a majority coalition with independents and allies such as the Muhajir Qaumi Movement (MQM). Muttahida Qaumi Movement (متحدہ قومی موومنٹ ( Muttahida Qaumi Movement) generally known as MQM or simply Muttahida, is a linguistic However, parties opposed to Musharraf effectively paralysed the National Assembly for over a year. The National Assembly is the Lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. The following month, Musharraf handed over certain powers to the newly elected Parliament. The National Assembly elected Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali as Prime Minister, who in turn appointed his own cabinet. Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali ( Urdu / Baloch: میر ظفراللہ خان جمالی) (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister
In December 2003, Musharraf made a deal with Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal, a six-member coalition of Islamic parties, agreeing to leave the army by December 31, 2004. Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal ( MMA) (متحدہ مجلس عمل ( United Council of Action) is a coalition between religious-political parties in Pakistan. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " With that party's support, pro-Musharraf legislators were able to muster the two-thirds supermajority required to pass the Seventeenth Amendment, which retroactively legalized Musharraf's 1999 coup and many of his decrees. A supermajority or a qualified majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level or type of support which exceeds a simple Majority in order to have The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment Act 2003 was an amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan passed in December 2003, after over a year of political wrangling In late 2004, Musharraf went back on his agreement with the MMA and pro-Musharraf legislators in the Parliament passed a bill allowing Musharraf to keep both offices.
Denunciation of extremism
On January 12, 2002, Musharraf gave a landmark speech against Islamic extremism. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Islamic Extremism is a term used to describe the actions and beliefs of violent Islamic activists though many mainstream Muslims would say they are not Islamic at all He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself.
At the same time as banning foreign funding of Islamic educational institutions, he made it compulsory for them to teach a whole host of additional subjects such as computing. This meant that many had to close due to the halt of funds from Pakistanis working abroad resulting in not being able to teach the additional subjects that he had made compulsory. Musharraf also instituted prohibitions on foreign students' access to studying Islam within Pakistan, an effort which began as an outright ban but was later reduced to restrictions on obtaining visas. A visa (short for the Latin carta visa, lit "a document that has been seen" is a document issued by a Country giving an individual [23]
On September 17, 2005, Musharraf made a historic speech before a broad based audience of Jewish leadership, sponsored by the American Jewish Congress's Council for World Jewry, in New York City. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The American Jewish Congress describes itself as an association of Jewish Americans organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through public policy advocacy using diplomacy The City of New York In the speech, he denounced terrorism and opened the door to relationships between Pakistan and Israel, as well as between the Muslim world and Jews worldwide. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. He was widely criticized by Middle Eastern Arab leaders and Muslim clerics, but was met with some praise among Jewish leadership. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding [24]
On September 13, 2007, 300 Pakistani troops were captured by Islamic militants. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Terrorists then bombed Musharraf's own SSG unit, killing 16, and launched rocket attacks in the North-West Frontier province and Tribal areas.
Assassination attempts
On December 14, 2003, Musharraf survived an assassination attempt when a powerful bomb went off minutes after his highly-guarded convoy crossed a bridge in Rawalpindi. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. A convoy is a group of Vehicles (of any type but usually motor vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support ( Urdu: Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad, in the province It was the third such attempt during his four-year rule. On December 25, 2003, two suicide bombers tried to assassinate Musharraf, but their car bombs failed to kill him; 16 others nearby died instead. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons A car bomb is an explosive device placed in a car or other Vehicle and then detonated. [25] Musharraf escaped with only a cracked windscreen on his car. Militant Amjad Farooqi was apparently suspected of being the mastermind behind these attempts, and was killed by Pakistani forces in 2004 after an extensive manhunt. Amjad Farooqi (1972&mdash September 26, 2004) ( Urdu: امجد فاروقی) known by the alias Amjad Hussain (Urdu
On July 6, 2007, there was another attempted assassination, when an unknown group fired a 7. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 62 submachine gun at Musharraf's plane as it took off from a runway in Rawalpindi. A submachine gun (SMG is a Firearm that combines the automatic fire of a Machine gun with the cartridge of a Pistol, and is A runway ( RWY) is a strip of land on an Airport, on which Aircraft can take off and land. ( Urdu: Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad, in the province Security also recovered 2 anti-aircraft guns, from which no shots had been fired. Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging hostile military Aircraft in defence of ground objectives, ground or naval forces [26] On July 17, 2007, Pakistani police detained 39 people in relation to the attempted assassination of Musharraf. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians [27] They were detained at an undisclosed location by a joint team of Punjab Police, the Federal Investigation Agency and other Pakistani intelligence agencies. The Federal Investigation Agency (acronym FIA) (وفاقی ادارۂ تحقیقات of Pakistan is a national investigative agency with a wide role in anti-terrorism [28]
2004 confidence vote and resignation of Jamali
On January 1, 2004 Musharraf won a confidence vote in the Electoral College of Pakistan, consisting of both houses of Parliament and the four provincial assemblies. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A Motion of Confidence is a motion of support proposed by a government in a Parliament or other assembly of elected representatives to give members of parliament (or The President of Pakistan is chosen by an Electoral college. According to article 41(3 of the Constitution of Pakistan, this electoral college consists of the Musharraf received 658 out of 1170 votes, a 56 percent majority, but many opposition and Islamic members of parliament walked out to protest the vote. As a result of this vote, according to Article 41(8) of the Constitution of Pakistan, Musharraf was "deemed to be elected" to the office of President. The Constitution of Pakistan (آئین پاکستان is the supreme law of Pakistan. His term now extends to 2007.
Prime Minister Zafarullah Khan Jamali resigned on June 26, 2004, after losing the support of the PML(Q). Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali ( Urdu / Baloch: میر ظفراللہ خان جمالی) (born January 1, 1944) is a former Prime Minister Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " His resignation was at least partly due to his public differences with the party chairman Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, and was rumoured to have happened at Musharraf's command, although neither man has confirmed this. Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain ( Urdu: چودھری شجاعت حسین) (born January 27, 1946) is a politician from Pakistan who was the Jamali had been appointed with the support of Musharraf's and the pro-Musharraf PML(Q). Most PML(Q) parliamentarians formerly belonged to the Pakistan Muslim League party led by Sharif, and most ministers of the cabinet were formerly senior members of other parties, joining the PML(Q) after the elections upon being offered powerful offices. The Pakistan Muslim League was founded in 1962 as a successor to the previously disbanded Muslim League in Pakistan It is believed that Musharraf replaced Jamali due to his poor performance and in his place Musharraf nominated Shaukat Aziz, the minister for finance and a former employee of Citibank[29] and head of Citibank Private Banking as the new prime minister. Shaukat Aziz ( Urdu: شوکت عزیز) (born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan) was the Prime Minister of Pakistan Citibank is a major international Bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, later First National City Bank of New York.
Economy
After nuclear tests were carried out in 1998, during the Sharif government, the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization imposed economic sanctions on Pakistan. Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations The North Atlantic Treaty Economic sanctions are domestic penalties applied by one country (or group of countries on another for a variety of reasons [30] When Musharraf came to power in the coup d'état the following year Pakistan was expelled from the Commonwealth. [31] This initially compounded the economic problems, and many experts claimed Pakistan was a failed state, as it was close to bankruptcy and investor confidence was at an all-time low. A failed state is a State whose central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory After Musharraf promised support in the hunt for Osama Bin Laden, international sanctions were lifted. Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March [32]
Musharraf then appointed Shaukat Aziz, a former Citibank executive, as finance minister. Shaukat Aziz ( Urdu: شوکت عزیز) (born March 6, 1949 in Karachi, Pakistan) was the Prime Minister of Pakistan [33] World powers weighed in for debt rescheduling[34][35][36][37] to reward Pakistan due to the "war on terrorism", which helped in saving hundreds millions of dollars, in addition to securing new loans. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U A loan is a type of Debt. This article focuses exclusively on monetary loans although in practice any material object might be lent As a result, foreign exchange reserves increased exceeding $16 billion in 2006, but at the same time foreign debt hit an all time high topping $40 billion. [38] The government claims that the economy has grown in several sectors and that per capita income of Pakistan has more than doubled in the last seven years. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country [39]
Poverty alleviation
Upon assuming power, Musharraf made promises to alleviate poverty, according to the President of Pakistan's website.
| “ | The overall macro-economic indicators from 1999 – 2004 have seen vast improvement with fiscal deficit, expenditures, and foreign debts having been reduced; and earnings, foreign exchange reserves, exports and revenue collection having increased. | ” |
Despite producing what reports call "a bumper crop of 23. 5 million tons" of wheat, the country suffered the worst shortages of wheat in the summer of 2007, with the prices of flour rising by more than 20 percent. [41]
Corruption issues
When Musharraf came to power, he claimed that the corruption in the government bureaucracy would be cleaned up. [42] However, as many analysts have noted, his regime has done little to quash corruption, even years into his administration. [42]
According to a survey by Transparency International, Pakistani public opinion perceived the first and second terms of Musharraf's administration as respectively more corrupt than the first and second terms of previous administrations led by Bhutto and Sharif, respectively. Transparency International ( TI) is a leading international Non-governmental organization addressing corruption [43][44] However, that survey also indicates that public opinion perceived the second terms of all three leaders as being more corrupt than their first terms, respectively. [43] And, furthermore, any one of those leader's second terms was perceived as being more corrupt than any of those leaders first terms. [43] In fact, Bhutto's second term was perceived as being the second most corrupt according to those sampled by the survey. Musharraf's second term was perceived as being the most corrupt term of office among the those of the three leaders. [43]
According to a combined poll by Dawn News, Indian Express and CNN-IBN, a majority believe that corruption during this administration has increased. Dawn News is Pakistan 's first 24-hour English news channel Based in Karachi, the station is a subsidiary of Pakistan Herald Publications Limited (PHPL Pakistan's For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka CNN-IBN is an English-language Indian TV news channel The network is a partnership between Global Broadcast News (GBN and Turner International [45][46] An Asian Development Bank report on the state of the country during the 60th year of Independence describes it as a country with "poor governance, endemic corruption and social indicators that are among the worst in Asia". Asian Development Bank (ADB is a regional development bank established in 1966 to promote economic and social development in Asian and Pacific countries through loans and technical [47]
There have also been allegations that corrupt servicemen aren't being prosecuted because of the junta's clout. The term " serviceman " alternatively "service member" refers to an enlisted individual in the Armed forces. A military junta is a government ruled by a committee of military leaders [48] Pakistani media too have alleged that individual corruption of the previous government was replaced by institutionalised corruption of the Pakistan Army, awarding land deeds and a life of luxury to its officers. [49]
Later in 2007, his government cost national exchequer hundreds of millions of rupees to hire teams of expensive lawyers to represent his government in courts. In one such case regarding the privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation, whose worth was stated to be Rupees 600 billion, and which was sold out for mere Rupees 20. 6 billions,[50] the government had spent Rupees 90 million (£900. See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the 000), with Sharifuddin Pirzada alone getting away with 6. Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada, NI, (b 12 June 1923) Barrister-at-Law (Lincoln's Inn and a graduate in Law from Bombay University ( British 6 million rupees (£66,000).
Suspension and reinstatement of the Chief Justice
On March 9, 2007, Musharraf suspended the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry ( افتخار محمد چودھری) (born 12 December 1948)in a village of Faisalabad and belonging to the Ghorewaha In an interview about the matter given to Geo TV, Musharraf stated that Chaudhry himself wished to meet with him and Musharraf then presented him with evidence related to charges made against Chaudhry for abuse of office. Geo TV or GEO Television is a Pakistani Television network founded by Mir Shakil ur Rehman in May 2002 [51] Other sources maintain that Chaudhry was summoned by the General at his Army residence in Rawalpindi and asked to explain his position on a list of charges brought against him from several quarters. [52] Chaudhry was demanded to resign, but he refused and was detained. While this was not confirmed by the Affidavit presented by him in Supreme Court, While affidavits by other people in same case has said that it was not true and he (Chief Justice) has asked to meet the President and was not asked to resign. Meanwhile, another senior judge, Justice Javaid Iqbal, was appointed as the acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Javaid Iqbal is the name of two judges in Pakistan Javaid Iqbal (Jr
Musharraf's moves sparked protests among Pakistani lawyers. On March 12, 2007, lawyers across Pakistan began boycotting all court procedures in protest against the suspension. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In Islamabad, as well as other cities such as Lahore, Karachi and Quetta, hundreds of lawyers dressed in black suits attended rallies, condemning the suspension as unconstitutional. |name = Islamabad|native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Capital City |total_type ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million ( Urdu: کوئٹہ) ( Pashto: کوټه) also spelled Kwatah City is a variation of kwatkot a Pashto word meaning “fort Slowly the expressions of support for the ousted Chief Justice gathered momentum and by May, protesters and opposition parties took out huge rallies against Musharraf and his tenure as army chief was also challenged in the courts. [53][54] Rallies held by the MQM and other political parties left more than 40 people dead in firefights in the streets of Karachi, and the offices of AAJ TV were caught in the crossfire and sustained damage. Opposition parties have accused the government and Rangers of not doing enough to stop the violence.
On July 20, the Supreme Court reinstated Chaudhry. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold It also dismissed misconduct charges that Musharraf filed against him. [55][56]
Lal Masjid siege
The standoff between the Pakistani government and the clerics of the Lal Masjid in Islamabad finally broke down on the morning of July 8, 2007, when the official government delegation led by Shujaat Hussain declared that the negotiations with the militants holed up in the mosque have reached an agreement. The Siege of Lal Masjid ( Urdu: لال مسجد محاصرہ Codenamed Operation Sunrise, was a confrontation centering around the Lal Masjid The Lal Masjid (لال مسجد translated Red Mosque) is a Mosque located in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain ( Urdu: چودھری شجاعت حسین) (born January 27, 1946) is a politician from Pakistan who was the However the clerics refused to release the hostages as promised by them in the agreement. Musharraf therefore gave the militants half an hour to abide by the agreement or face the operation.
In addition to militants, there were several hundred students held hostages, many of who were minor girls, whom were being used as human shields[57].
After the negotiations failed the troops were given the go ahead to storm the complex, which they did. Codenamed "Operation Silence", the objective was to capture or kill the militants if they resisted - as well as rescuing all the students kept as hostages. The Siege of Lal Masjid ( Urdu: لال مسجد محاصرہ Codenamed Operation Sunrise, was a confrontation centering around the Lal Masjid Musharraf had been criticised for some for his inaction against the Lal Masjid. [58]
August state of emergency rumours
On August 8, 2007 a rumour spread across Pakistan that a State of emergency was going to be enforced across the country. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies The rumour was picked up by the electronic media. Government Ministers confirmed that the option of enforcing emergency was being considered due to “internal and external threats” that the country was facing. Prompted by the news reports, U. S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice made a 17-minute telephone call to Musharraf. Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States A senior western diplomat noted that it is likely that Rice persuaded Musharraf to not impose such an emergency. [59] On August 9, 2007, Musharraf confirmed that he would not be imposing emergency in Pakistan. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [60] This was followed by a clarification from U. S. President George W. Bush that the imposition of emergency in Pakistan was not a reality. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. [61] Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, President of Pakistan Muslim League (PML) admitted that he had suggested the imposition of “partial emergency” in the country. Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain ( Urdu: چودھری شجاعت حسین) (born January 27, 1946) is a politician from Pakistan who was the The Pakistan Muslim League was founded in 1962 as a successor to the previously disbanded Muslim League in Pakistan He also said that the government is still considering the imposition of emergency. [62] However, the Karachi Stock Exchange fell after the rumour spread that the government is imposing emergency in Pakistan. The Karachi Stock Exchange or KSE is a Stock exchange located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index fell 382. 61, or 2. 8 percent, to close at 13,181. 94, the largest fluctuation among markets included in global benchmarks. [63]
Relations with Benazir Bhutto
Also on August 8, Benazir Bhutto spoke about her secret meeting with Musharraf on July 27, in an interview on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Benazir Bhutto ( Sindhi: بينظير ڀٽو Urdu: بینظیر بھٹو beːnəziːɾ bɦʊʈːoː (21 June 1953 &ndash 27 December 2007 was a Benazir Bhutto ( Sindhi: بينظير ڀٽو Urdu: بینظیر بھٹو beːnəziːɾ bɦʊʈːoː (21 June 1953 &ndash 27 December 2007 was a
On September 14, 2007, Deputy Information Minister Tariq Azim stated that Bhutto won't be deported, but must face corruption suits against her. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. He clarified Sharif's and Bhutto's right to return to Pakistan: "Nawaz Sharif's case was different. He went back to Saudi Arabia because of an undertaking he had with the Saudi government; She (Bhutto) was always allowed to come back. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi " Pakistan People's Party Farhatullah Babar said that Benazir Bhutto will forthwith declare the exact date of her return: "We are announcing the date of the return for Benazir Bhutto to Pakistan at 5:00 p. m. (1200 GMT)" (Makhdoom Amin Fahim will publish it at a news conference in Islamabad. " Musharraf faced a rising militant violence, with a suicide bombing killing 15 elite commandos on September 13. This article is about suicide attacks for political and/or military reasons [64] Bhutto declared her return from eight years exile on October 18. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Makhdoom Amin Faheem, vice chair of Pakistan Peoples Party said that "Benazir Bhutto will be landing in Karachi on October 18. (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid "
On September 17, 2007, Bhutto accused Musharraf 's allies of pushing Pakistan to crisis by refusal to restore democracy and share power. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Sheikh Rashid Ahmed stated that officials had agreed to grant Benazir Bhutto amnesty in pending corruption charges. Shaikh Rasheed Ahmad ( Urdu: شيخ رشيد احمد) (born November 6 1950) is a Pakistani Politician and Writer [65]
Musharraf called for a three day mourning period after Bhutto's assassination on December 27, 2007
Resignation from the Army
On October 2, 2007, Musharraf named Lt. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Gen. Ashfaq Kayani as vice chief of the army starting October 8. General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani ( Urdu: اشفاق پرویز کیانی) (born April 1952 Gujar Khan, Punjab) is a Pakistani Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses When Musharraf resigned from military on 28 November 2007, Kayani became Chief of Army Staff. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [65]
Return of Nawaz Sharif
Sharif returned to Pakistan in September 2007, and was immediately arrested and taken into custody at the airport. [66] Sharif initially refused to hand over his passport to immigration officials on the plane. Finally, the plane carrying Sharif left Pakistan for Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi "He has been sent back," a senior security official told AFP, as local television showed a Pakistan International Airlines airplane carried deported Sharif from Islamabad airport. Pakistan International Airlines Corporation, more commonly known as Pakistan International Airlines or PIA ( Urdu: پی آئی اے or پاکستان [67]
Sharif returned to Jeddah, where he was met by Saudi intelligence chief Prince Miqren bin Abdul Aziz. Jeddah (also spelled Jiddah, Jidda, or Jedda; جدّة Ǧiddah) is a Saudi Arabian city located on the coast of the Pakistan's Religious Affairs Minister Ijaz-ul Haq stated that "He has not only embarrassed Pakistan but also the leadership of Saudi Arabia by violating the agreement. " The European Union asked the Pakistani government to respect the court ruling, while the U. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in S. government said that the deportation was an "internal matter" but said that elections should be "free and fair". Human Rights Watch accused Musharraf of violating international law, and Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz party condemned the deportation by filing a contempt suit in the Supreme Court. Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards [68]
2007 elections
In an interview in March 2007, Musharraf said that he intends to stay in the office for another five years. An indirect presidential election was held in Pakistan on 6 October 2007. [69]
A nine-member panel of Supreme Court judges deliberated on six petitions (including Jamaat-e-Islami's, Pakistan's largest Islamic group) for disqualification of Musharraf as presidential candidate. Jamaat-e-Islami ( Urdu: جماعتِ اسلامی, " Islamic Block " Jamaat, JI) is an Islamist Bhutto stated that her party may join other opposition groups, including Sharif's. Attorney-general Malik Mohammed Qayyum stated that, pendente lite, the Election Commission was "reluctant" to announce the schedule for the presidential vote. In most Common law jurisdictions the Attorney General, or Attorney-General, is the main legal advisor to the government and in some jurisdictions may in addition Pendente lite is a Latin term meaning "while the litigation is pending" which is used for Court orders or legal Agreements entered into Bhutto's party Farhatullah Babar stated that the Constitution could bar Musharraf from being elected again because he holds the army chief's post. Farhatullah Babar is a Pakistani politician He is a member of the Pakistan Peoples Party and served in the Pakistani Senate from 2003 to 2006 "As Gen. Musharraf is disqualified from contesting for President, he has prevailed upon the Election Commission to arbitrarily and illegally tamper with the Constitution of Pakistan. "
On September 24, 2007, the president of the Supreme Court bar association, Munir Malik, announced that former Supreme Court judge Wajihuddin Ahmed would challenge Musharraf in Pakistan's October presidential election. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A bar association is a Professional body of Lawyers Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their Jurisdiction Munir Malik (born July 10, 1934, Leiah, Punjab) is a former Pakistani Cricketer who played in three Tests The Honourable Justice (R Wajihuddin Ahmed (born December 01, 1938; Delhi) is one of the most respected members of Pakistan's Ahmad had little chance of defeating Musharraf (since the president is elected by parliament and provincial assemblies). Also, 24 persons were detained due to protest outside the court in Islamabad. [70] On September 28, 2007, in a 6-3 vote, the court presided by Judge Rana Bhagwandas ruled: "These petitions are held to be non-maintainable. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Honourable Mr Justice (R Rana Bhagwandas (b December 20, 1942) a highly respected name of the Pakistani Judiciary was a senior " The judgment removed obstacles to Musharraf's election bid. [71]
On October 2, 2007, 85 Pakistani opposition lawmakers resigned from the country's parliament to derail Musharraf's reelection bid. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. National Assembly Speaker Chaudhry Amir Hussain stated that the resignations would not affect the presidential election. Chaudhry Amir Hussain is a Pakistani politician He was the 17th Speaker of National Assembly of Pakistan, serving from 2002 to 2008 Under Pakistani law, the national parliament and provincial assemblies choose the president. The current parliament is expected to elect a president before October 15, with the new five-year term starting on November 15. [72]
On October 6, 2007, Musharraf won a vote to be re-elected Pakistan's president. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. However, the Supreme Court ruled that no winner would be proclaimed until it decides on the legality issue. [73]
Emergency declared in Pakistan
On November 3, 2007 Musharraf declared emergency rule across Pakistan. A 2007 Pakistani state of emergency was declared by Pervez Musharraf on November 3, 2007 and lasted until December 15, 2007,during Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies He suspended the Constitution, imposed State of Emergency, and fired the chief justice of the Supreme Court. The Constitution of Pakistan (آئین پاکستان is the supreme law of Pakistan. The Supreme Court ( Urdu: عدالت عظمیٰ) is the apex court in Pakistan 's judicial hierarchy the final arbiter of legal and constitutional [74] While addressing the nation on State Television, Musharraf declared that the state of emergency was imposed in the country. In Islamabad, troops entered the Supreme Court building, arrested the judges and kept them under detention in their homes. Troops were deployed inside state-run TV and radio stations, while independent channels went off air.
Pakistani general election, 2008
On March 23, 2008, President Musharraf said an "era of democracy" has begun in Pakistan. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common He has put the country "on the track of development and progress. " On March 22, the Pakistan Peoples Party named former parliament speaker Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani as its candidate for the country's next prime minister, to lead a coalition government united against him. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. The Pakistan Peoples Party ( PPP) (پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی is Centre-left Political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist Syed Makhdoom Yousaf Raza Gilani ( (born June 9, 1952) is a Pakistani politician who is currently the twenty-sixth A confirmation vote is scheduled for March 24, 2008 in parliament, and the prime minister would be sworn in by Musharraf March 25, 2008. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Gilani will likely face an opposition candidate from Musharraf's Pakistan Muslim League (Q). The Pakistan Muslim League (Q or officially Pakistan Muslim League (پاکستان مسلم لیگ ق is a centrist conservative Political party in Pakistan However, that nomination is largely symbolic because Musharraf and his allies lack a majority in parliament. Bhutto's widower, Asif Ali Zardari and former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, who came in second in the elections, pledged that their coalition will tackle the massive challenges facing Pakistan, including a wave of Islamic militancy, high inflation and electricity shortages. Asif Ali Zardari ( Urdu, Sindhi: آصف علی زرداری) (born 26 July 1955 is the 12th and current President of Pakistan and the Co-Chairman Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif also known as Nawaz Sharif ( Urdu:) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time Zardari and Sharif were ousted in Musharraf's 1999 Pakistani coup d'état. In October 1999 General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistani army launched a coup to topple Nawaz Sharif, then A confrontation still looms between Musharraf and Sharif, who has been one of the most vocal in calling for the unpopular president's resignation or impeachment. [75]
Foreign policy
Support for the War on Terrorism
Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, Musharraf sided with the United States against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by U. The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, S. President George W. Bush. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Musharraf agreed to give the United States the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF is the official name used by the U Secretary of State Colin Powell and other administration officials met with Musharraf. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Colin Luther Powell, KCB (Honorary MSC, (born April 5, 1937) is a retired General in the United States Army. On September 19, 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. S. if it did not cooperate. [76] In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U. S. , and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan. [77]
Relations with India
Musharraf was Chief of Army Staff at the time of Mujahideen incursions into India from Pakistan-administered Kashmir in the summer of 1999. A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free Although Pakistan claimed that these were Kashmiri freedom fighters based in Indian-controlled Kashmir, later developments showed that they were Pakistani paramilitary soldiers backing up the separatists on the mountain top. ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. After fierce fighting, Pakistani soldiers were pulled back due to pressure from the international community.
However, in Battle Ready, a book co-authored by ex-CENTCOM Commander in Chief Anthony Zinni and novelist Tom Clancy, the former alleges that Musharraf was the one who pushed Sharif to withdraw the Pakistani troops after being caught in a losing scenario. The United States Central Command ( USCENTCOM) is a theater -level Unified Combatant Command unit of the U Anthony Charles Zinni (born September 17 1943 is a retired four-star General in the United States Marine Corps and a former Commander in Chief of U Thomas Leo Clancy Jr (born April 12 1947) is an American author best known for his technically detailed espionage and Military science storylines [78] According to an ex-official of the Musharraf government, Hassan Abbas, Musharraf planned the whole operation and sold the idea to Sharif. [79] The view that Musharraf wanted to attempt the Kargil infiltrations much earlier was also revealed by Bhutto in an interview with a leading daily newspaper, where he had supposedly boasted that "he would hoist the flag of Pakistan atop the Srinagar Assembly" if his plan was executed. The national flag of Pakistan was designed by Syed Amir uddin Kedwaii and was based on the original flag of the Muslim League. Srinagar ( Dogri: श्रीनगर Urdu: سرینگر Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر श्रीनगर is the capital of the disputed state [80] Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (PML(N)), a leading Pakistan party added that Musharraf had planned the Kargil intrusions but panicked when the conflict broke out with India and decided to alert Sharif. The Pakistan Muslim League (N ( Urdu: پاکستان مسلم لیگ ن) is a Political party in Pakistan. [81] Since the Kargil incident occurred just after the Lahore Peace Summit earlier that year, Musharraf is often regarded with scepticism in India. The Lahore Declaration was a Bilateral agreement between India and Pakistan signed on February 21, 1999 by the then- Prime Minister [82][83]
In the middle of 2004, Musharraf began a series of talks with India to solve the Kashmir dispute. The Kashmir conflict refers to the Territorial dispute between Both leaders also discussed the following issues: Wullar Barrage and Kishangaga power project, Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River being built by India in Jammu and Kashmir, disputed Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch, Siachin glacier, issues of Gurdaspur and Ferozepur's status, Hindu-Muslim relations, autonomy for the Sikhs in Indian Punjab, minority rights, Indian contentions that Pakistan is sponsoring "cross-border" terrorism. Baglihar Dam, also known as Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project is a Run-of-the-river power project on the Chenab River in the southern Doda district HeadMarala3jpg|200px|right|thumb|A View of Marala Headworks on Chenab near Sialkot]] The Chenab River (ਚਨਾਬ, चनाब چناب literally 'Moon( ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. The Sir Creek is a 96 km (60 mi strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch Marshlands The Rann of Kutch is a seasonally marshy region located in the Thar Desert biogeographic province in Gujarat state of northwestern India see Siachen conflict for the military conflict over this area The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Gurdaspur is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the North-West part of the Republic of India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Firozpur (or Ferozepur, Ferozepore, फिरोज़पुर) is a city in Firozpur Autonomy ( Greek: Auto- Nomos - nomos meaning "law" one who gives oneself his/her own Law) is the right to Self-government Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India.
In 2007, Musharraf stated, after a meeting with Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, that the current push to normalize relations between the two states is "irreversible. Manmohan Singh (ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ (born 26 September 1932 is the 17th "
Government financing of Al Qaeda
On July 22, 2004, The Guardian reported that Omar Sheikh, a British-born Islamist, had, on the instructions of General Mahmud Ahmad, the then head of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), wired $100,000 before the 9/11 attacks to Mohammed Atta, the lead hijacker. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh ( احمد عمر سعید شیخ) (sometimes known as Umar Sheikh, Sheikh Omar, Sheik Syed, or by the alias "Mustafa See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only Mohamed Atta ( ar محمد عطا السيد) (September 1 1968 &ndash September 11 2001 was an Egyptian Islamist, When Ahmed was exposed by the Wall Street Journal as having sent the money to the hijackers, Musharraf forced him to retire. [84] The 9/11 commission did not investigate this funding out of lack of credibility.
In September 2007, in the aftermath of the Lal Masjid incident, al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden urged his followers to fight a holy war against Musharraf and the Pakistani army. Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March [85][86]
Richard Armitage comments
During a September 24, 2006 interview with Steve Kroft on 60 Minutes, Musharraf said that then-U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Richard Armitage had called Musharraf's intelligence director shortly following the 9/11 attacks and threatened military action if Pakistan did not support the U. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Steve Kroft (born August 22, 1945) is an American Journalist and a longtime correspondent for 60 Minutes. Not to be confused with the BBC news magazine program Sixty Minutes (TV series. The Deputy Secretary of State of the United States is the chief assistant to the Secretary of State who is responsible for foreign affairs. Richard Armitage may refer to Richard Armitage (actor, English actor Richard Armitage (politician, American politician S. -led "war on terror". According to Musharraf, Armitage warned: "Be prepared to be bombed. Be prepared to go back to the Stone Age. The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking "[87] Furthermore, during an interview with Jon Stewart of The Daily Show on September 26, 2006, Musharraf stated that then-Secretary of State Colin Powell also contacted him with a similar message: "You are with us or against us. Jon Stewart (born Jonathan Stuart Leibowitz; November 28 1962 is an American Comedian, Satirist, Actor, Writer, and The Daily Show (known in its current incarnation as The Daily Show Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. " Musharraf refused to elaborate further, citing the then-upcoming release of his book, In the Line of Fire: A Memoir (ISBN 0-7432-8344-9). In the Line of Fire A Memoir is a book that was written by former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf and first published on September Armitage has, however, categorically denied that the U. S. used such harsh words to threaten Pakistan, whereas President Bush has refrained from publicly acknowledging the possibility of the exact wordings being used.
Nuclear proliferation
One of the most widely-reported controversies during Musharraf's administration arose as a consequence of the disclosure of nuclear proliferation by Dr. Nuclear proliferation is a term now used to describe the spread of Nuclear weapons, fissile material and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations Abdul Qadeer Khan, the metallurgist known as the father of Pakistan's bomb. Abdul Qadeer Khan ( عبدالقدیر خان; born April 1 1936 in Bhopal, India) is a Pakistani scientist and metallurgical engineer Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their Musharraf has denied knowledge of or participation by Pakistan's government or army in this proliferation and has faced bitter domestic criticism for singularly vilifying Khan, a former national hero. Khan has been pardoned in exchange for cooperation in the investigation, but is still under house arrest. In Justice and Law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or electronic monitoring) is a measure by which [88]
Relations with China
Musharraf accused Western leaders and media of politicizing the 2008 Summer Olympics by criticizing China's human rights record and its policy in Tibet. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European He also said he would cooperate with China, which is a historical ally to Pakistan, in the fight against terrorism. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion [89]
Approval ratings
By August 2007 Musharraf had become increasingly unpopular in Pakistan with his ambitions for another term as president. An International Republican Institute survey showed that 64 percent of the population did not want another term to be granted to Musharraf as the president of Pakistan. Founded in 1983 the International Republican Institute (IRI is an organization funded by United States government that conducts international political programs sometimes [90] The Economist reported that the country was in a mess even by the nation's own standards. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London [90] Journalist Ayaz Amir stated that Musharraf was “the author of his own misfortune”. Ayaz Amir is a renowned Pakistani Journalist, and is a newly elected Member of National Assembly in Pakistan's Parliament The article stated that unlike "other dictators", Musharraf has an easy exit that should be heeded to. [91]
Musharraf admitted that his popularity was on a decline. [92] Dawn, a leading newspaper, conducted a survey showed that about 54. Dawn is Pakistan 's oldest best known and most widely-read English-language newspaper 5 percent of urban Pakistanis believe that military should have no role in politics while 65. 2 percent want Musharraf to step down. [93] The Economist also stated that the General was destabilizing Pakistan by imposing emergency. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London The paper also suggested that it was time that the general exit government and allow the democratic process to be completed. [94]
However, more recent surveys shows that Musharraf's popularity has further decreased. A survey conducted by Terror Free Tomorrow shows that Osama Bin Laden is more popular in Pakistan than Musharraf. According to poll results, Bin Laden has a 46 percent approval rating. [95]
In an effort to boost his falling popularity ratings in an election year, Musharraf will be a regular guest star on a state-sponsored Q&A show titled From the President's House. [96] The show will be aired weekly on PTV and partly or wholly on some private channels. The Pakistan Television Corporation (abbreviated as PTV) ( Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلیوژن کارپوریشن) is Pakistan's national Television
State of Emergency 2007
On November 3, 2007, Musharraf declared a State of emergency in Pakistan to postpone the ongoing case of his re-election, of which impact is most likely to decline his already low popularity even further. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies By suspending the constitution and sacking many judges including former Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry and welcomed the returns of fomer Pakistani Prime Minsters Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif on December 15, 2007 Musharraf ended the state of emergency restoring the country's constitution, the move has been welcomed by Pakistan's western allies United States and the UK which have providing Pakistan with money to put into its industry and economy. Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry ( افتخار محمد چودھری) (born 12 December 1948)in a village of Faisalabad and belonging to the Ghorewaha Benazir Bhutto ( Sindhi: بينظير ڀٽو Urdu: بینظیر بھٹو beːnəziːɾ bɦʊʈːoː (21 June 1953 &ndash 27 December 2007 was a Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif also known as Nawaz Sharif ( Urdu:) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The move came just in time for the January 8 elections featuring Ms Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party and Mr Sharif's PML(N) and Mr Musharraf's party. The Pakistan Peoples Party ( PPP) (پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی is Centre-left Political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the move was a significant step towards the return of full constitutional order and said that January's elections must be free, fair and transparent. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is However, following the December 27 assassination of Bhutto, this temporary stability has been severely jeopardized. The assassination of Benazir Bhutto occurred on December 27 2007 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Legacy
Musharraf characterizes himself as a moderate leader with liberal, progressive ideas, and has expressed admiration for Kemal Ataturk, founder of the Turkish Republic. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (19 May 1881 &ndash 10 November 1938 was an army officer revolutionary Statesman [97]
His government maintains that Pakistan is prospering due to his economic and social reforms. Statements issued by the government suggest significant improvement in the economy. Some, however, are cautious about any optimism, since the steep rise in GDP is attributed to rebasing[98] done in 2004. External debt, on the other hand, has for the first time hit $40 billion mark. [99]
Following the media coverage of the riots in Karachi on May 12, 2007, Musharraf attempted to curb that freedom by decree. On May 12, 2007, riots erupted across Karachi, capital of the province of Sindh and the most populous city in Pakistan. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The measure backfired with a severe backlash, and was eventually withdrawn. In order to counter rapidly growing anger among the masses against his policies, state owned television PTV has decided to air weekly shows involving him to bolster his approval ratings. The Pakistan Television Corporation (abbreviated as PTV) ( Urdu: پاکستان ٹیلیوژن کارپوریشن) is Pakistan's national Television The recent closing of independent news and radio channels after imposing a state of emergency on the country by the President, expresses another example on the lack of freedom of the press. However, it was under his rule that media rights were relaxed and prosperity of digitial media came about. His government also allowed a huge influx of television and radio channels to start up.
On September 29, 2007, state troops baton charged journalists who had gathered on Constitutional Avenue to report a story. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 34 journalists were severely injured. [100][101][102]
Musharraf has expressed admiration for the right-wing General Rahimuddin Khan, the authoritarian martial law administrator of Balochistan throughout the 1980s. In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities General Rahimuddin Khan ( رحیم الدین خان; born 21 July, 1926) was the Governor of Balochistan, the largest Province Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice He was severely criticized by human rights organizations following his comments in response to the rape of Mukhtar Mai. Mukhtaran Bibi ( born c 1972 now known as Mukhtār Mā'ī, مختار مائی) is a Pakistani woman from the village of Meerwala, in the rural On September 23, 2005, during a tape-recorded interview, Musharraf had suggested that rape was becoming a "moneymaking concern" in Pakistan. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [103][104]
See also
- List of national leaders
- Politics of Pakistan
- Line of succession to President of Pakistan
- Nawaz Sharif
- Enlightened Moderation
- Mirza Tahir Hussain
- bbc.co.uk, Timeline: Pakistan A chronology of key events:
Notes
- ^ See inogolo:pronunciation of Pervez_Musharraf. This is a list of current heads of state and government, showing heads of state and heads of government where different mainly in Parliamentary systems In recent history the Pakistani political processes have taken place in the framework of a Federal republic, where the system of government has at times been Parliamentary Pakistan had a parliamentary system of Government that has been modified several times since its inception Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif also known as Nawaz Sharif ( Urdu:) (born December 25, 1949 in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Enlightened moderation is "The quality or state of becoming rational or having reasoning power” or “Being able to think clearly and make decisions based on the reason rather than Mirza Tahir Hussian (born 1 June 1970) is a British man released on 17 November 2006 after spending 18 years on Death row
- ^ Carlotta Gall. "Musharraf Quits Pakistani Army Post", The New York Times, 2007-11-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Retrieved on 2007-11-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
- ^ What Musharraf must do now - Financial Times
- ^ Musharraf imposes emergency rule. Dawn (2007-11-03). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.
- ^ Martial law declared in Pakistan. CNN (2007-11-03). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.
- ^ "Pak EC confirms Musharraf’e re-election as President" www. thaindian. com November 24th, 2007
- ^ Official Biography of Pervez Musharraf
- ^ A boy called Musharraf
- ^ a b c d e Pervez Musharraf (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. In the Line of Fire A Memoir is a book that was written by former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf and first published on September Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-8344-9.
- ^ The Battle of Assal Uttar: Pakistan and India 1965
- ^ a b PakDef.Info - M47 & M48 Patton in Pakistani Service
- ^ "Musharraf’s fiery memoirs" by Anwar Kemal, Dawn (newspaper) October 14, 2006
- ^ a b In the Line of Fire: A Memoir
- ^ Pervez Musharraf: PROFILE - BBC 4 Documentary
- ^ Musharraf’s 1971, a sob story, Musharraf 'wept' when East Pak fell
- ^ Jamestown Foundation
- ^ Musharraf Vs. Sharif: Who's Lying?
- ^ Tom Clancy, Gen. Dawn is Pakistan 's oldest best known and most widely-read English-language newspaper In the Line of Fire A Memoir is a book that was written by former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf and first published on September Thomas Leo Clancy Jr (born April 12 1947) is an American author best known for his technically detailed espionage and Military science storylines Tony Zinni (Retd) and Tony Koltz (2004). Battle Ready. Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0-399-15176-1.
- ^ Risk-taker Musharraf prepares to show his hand Rory McCarthy in Islamabad Guardian Unlimited Monday June 3, 2002
- ^ Gun-battle flares up along LoC DAWN Wire Service 21 May 1999
- ^ "Musharraf Give Up Army Uniform", BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-11-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
- ^ BBC profile on Musharraf
- ^ Christian Science Monitor - Analysts say Washington's fears that Islamic extremists will take control of Pakistan are overblown..
- ^ Arab News, Musharraf Talks to Jewish Leaders, Barbara Ferguson, 9/19/05
- ^ Arrests follow Musharraf attack - BBC News
- ^ Masood, Salman and Nizza, Mike "Gunmen Fire on Musharraf’s Plane" New York Times (nytimes. com) July 6, 2007
- ^ "Attack on Musharraf: 39 detained" rediff. com July 17, 2007
- ^ "39 arrested for links to attack on Musharraf" server. kbri-islamabad. go. id/ July 17, 2007
- ^ Citigroup: Global Consumer Business Announces Management Structure
- ^ Pakistan carries out nuclear tests
- ^ Pakistan challenges Commonwealth - BBC News
- ^ Sanctions boost for Pakistan economy - BBC News
- ^ Profile: Shaukat Aziz - BBC News
- ^ Hope of Deliverance?
- ^ Bush promises Pakistan $1 billion in debt relief
- ^ Japan eases Pakistan's debt burden
- ^ Determinants of Debt Rescheduling in Pakistan
- ^ External debt rises to $40 billion
- ^ Forbes Article "Pakistan: Economic growth challenge extremism" by Michael Knipe on the The High Commission for Pakistan in United Kingdom website
- ^ General Pervez Musharraf - About Pakistan: Facts & Figures
- ^ Hyderabad: SAB shocked over flour crisis despite bumper crop
- ^ a b BBC - Musharraf's corruption crackdown 'failing'
- ^ a b c d Editorial: Disinformation International? September 25, 2006, Daily Times
- ^ Zee News - Musharraf regime more corrupt than govts of Sharif, Bhutto
- ^ Manmohan Singh’s ratings soar; across the border, General’s sink (Sanjay Kumar / Yogendra Yadav, August 15, 2007)
- ^ Daily Times - 54.5 per cent want military out of politics
- ^ ADB points to poor governance: Pakistan’s social indicators among worst in Asia By Khaleeq Kiani August 15, 2007 Dawn
- ^ Bogged Down By Endless Troubles by AYAZ GUL Islamabad - Asiaweek
- ^ George Orwell and Musharraf's book By Aisha Fayyazi Sarwari November 3, 2006 The News
- ^ The judgment of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in Pakistan Steel Mills case
- ^ Video of interview with Geo TV.
- ^ Judge row prompts Pakistan democracy questions, BBC, Monday, 12 March 2007, 17:47 GMT. The Daily Times is an English language Pakistani Newspaper. Launched on April 9, 2002, Daily Times (DT which is simultaneously Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Asiaweek, the English edition was a News magazine focusing on Asia, published weekly by Asiaweek Limited a subsidiary of Time Inc News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth
- ^ Musharraf’s tenure as army chief challenged Dawn
- ^ EDITORIAL: Musharraf’s political options are closing Daily Times
- ^ Kamran Haider, "Court reinstates Pakistan judge in blow to Musharraf" "The Star" [of Malaysia July 20, 2007]
- ^ The Real News - Pakistan Supreme Court reinstates chief justice. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World
- ^ Pakistan steps up pressure on mosque militants - The Guardian
- ^ Q&A: Pakistan mosque siege - The Guardian
- ^ FT.Com - Rice acts over Pakistan ‘emergency’
- ^ NDTV.com
- ^ National Post Canada - Musharraf rejects emergency, wants polls in Pakistan
- ^ Daily Times Pakistan - Shujaat admits suggesting emergency
- ^ Bloomberg Pakistan Stocks Fall Most in Three Weeks: World's Biggest Mover
- ^ AFP.google.com, Bhutto set to announce return date to Pakistan
- ^ a b New York Times, Maneuvering Before Vote in Pakistan
- ^ Reuters, Nawaz Sharif arrested after return to Pakistan
- ^ Mercurynews.com, Former Pakistani PM Sharif deported to Saudi Arabia: officials
- ^ ChannelNewsAsia.com, US says ex-Pakistani premier Sharif's deportation an "internal matter"
- ^ Daily Times - Musharraf tells why he wants another five years
- ^ BBC NEWS, Musharraf facing election rival
- ^ CNN, Musharraf wins ruling on army role
- ^ Cnn.com, Mass walkout bid to stop Musharraf
- ^ BBC NEWS, Musharraf 'wins presidency vote'
- ^ "Musharraf Declares Emergency Rule", The New York Times, November 4, 2007. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-11-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina.
- ^ "Musharraf hails democracy in Pakistan", CNN, March 22, 2008. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow.
- ^ President General Pervez Musharraf: Address to People of Pakistan
- ^ Musharraf's book says Pakistan faced U.S. 'onslaught' if it didn't back terror war 9/26/2006 USA Today
- ^ Tom Clancy, Gen. Tony Zinni (Retd) and Tony Koltz (2004). Battle Ready. Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 0-399-15176-1.
- ^ Hassan Abbas (2004). Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror. M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-1497-9.
- ^ Musharraf advised against Kargil, says Benazir
- ^ Gen panicked, told Sharif about Kargil 11 Oct 2006
- ^ 'India should trust Musharraf' The Rediff Interview/MQM leader Altaf Hussein November 22, 2004
- ^ The Hindu - Of Dictators and Democrats Frontline Volume 17 - Issue 05, Mar. 04 - 17, 2000]
- ^ The Pakistan connection - evidence of foreign intelligence backing for the 9/11 hijackers - The Guardian22/06/2004, article by Michael Meacher
- ^ Al Qaeda calls for 'jihad' against Pakistan's Musharraf - CNN
- ^ Euronews.net, Pakistan election date set for October 6
- ^ US 'threatened to bomb' Pakistan BBC, 22 September 2006
- ^ Pakistan nuclear case 'is closed'
- ^ Report: Musharraf blasts West over Olympics
- ^ a b The Economist - A mess in Pakistan
- ^ Dawn Pakistan - Fighting someone else's war?
- ^ IBN LIVE - My popularity has reduced: Musharraf
- ^ Dawn Pakistan - 54.5 per cent want military out of politics
- ^ Time's up, Mr Musharraf
- ^ 'Poll: Bin Laden tops Musharraf in Pakistan Sept. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Michael Hugh Meacher (born November 4 1939) is a British Labour party Politician, and Member of Parliament (MP for Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 11, 2007
- ^ 'Musharraf TV' bids to spin image
- ^ Musharraf promises 'stronger democracy'
- ^ GDP components’ contributions to U.S. economic growth June 1998
- ^ External debt rises to $40 billion
- ^ A reign of terror in Islamabad
- ^ Presidential election, torture, demonstrations and arrests
- ^ Images at bbc.co.uk
- ^ 50 Minute interview
- ^ audio excerpt: Interview with Pakistan president Musharraf September 23, 2005
Books
- Pervez Musharraf, In the Line of Fire: A Memoir (2006)
External links
- Official & unofficial websites
Official
Unofficial
- Biographies and profiles
- Biography on storyofpakistan.com
- Time magazine cover story on Musharraf
- Profile in September 2004 by the BBC
- Video material on Musharraf
- Books on Musharraf
- Poem on Musharraf
- Articles by Musharraf
- Interviews
- An hour with Pervez Musharraf, Charlie Rose (video)
- Address by Pervez Musharraf to U.S. Institute of Peace (text, audio & video available) June 2003
- The Telegraph, United Kingdom, 20 June 2004
- Time magazine, United States, 25 September 2005
- Washington Post, United States, 29 January 2006
- Musharraf: "There is no milk and honey flowing after you get these two people", referring to Osama and Zawahiri and that military might alone cannot defeat terrorism. In the Line of Fire A Memoir is a book that was written by former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf and first published on September Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Charlie Rose is an American television interview show with Charlie Rose as executive producer executive editor and host The United States Institute of Peace or USIP, established in 1984, is an independent nonpartisan national institution established and funded by the United States Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- Pakistani President Musharraf speaks to students and diplomats about the future of Pakistan, Fora TV, September 23, 2006 (Video)
- Referendum
- Referendum report
- BBC report on referendum
- Speech on national TV, in which Musharraf apologizes for "improper" voting in the referendum
- ". . . at lower level due to unnecessary enthusiasm and carelessness, inefficiency and ignorance there might have been some improper case of voting in some areas. If this is true I regret it from the core of my heart. I feel sad and sorry for it," said Musharraf.
- Electoral College vote
- "Pakistan Gives Musharraf Confidence Vote as President"; New York Times; January 1, 2004
- Other articles
- http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C04%5C18%5Cstory_18-4-2008_pg7_7
- http://broadband.indiatimes.com/videoshow/2958360.cms
- http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=4672972&page=1
- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/World/Pakistan/I_want_to_date_Mush_the_hunk/articleshow/2957969.cms
- President Clinton's statement regarding the 1999 coup
- "US threatened to bomb Pakistan back to 'the Stone Age'"
- Supreme Leader urges stronger Iran-Pakistan relations
- Surveys
- Poll Grading Gen. Musharraf
- Survey by The Gallup Organization
- Report by Washington-based Pew Research Center
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Nawaz Sharif |
Chief Executive of Pakistan 1999 – 2001 |
Succeeded by Zafarullah Khan Jamali |
| Preceded by Muhammad Rafiq Tarar |
President of Pakistan 2001 – present |
Incumbent |
| Military offices | ||
| Preceded by Jehangir Karamat |
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1998 – 2001 |
Succeeded by Muhammad Aziz Khan |
| Chief of Army Staff 1998 – 2007 |
Succeeded by Ashfaq Parvez Kayani |
|
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Musharraf, Pervez |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | پرويز مشرف (Urdu) |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | President of Pakistan |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 11, 1943 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Daryaganj, Delhi, India |
| DATE OF DEATH | living |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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