Perth Western Australia
The Perth skyline viewed from the Swan River
Population:	1,554,769 (June 2007)[1] (4th)
• Density:	1090/km² (2823. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. The Swan River estuary flows through the city of Perth, in the south west of Western Australia. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities and provides rankings for each Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/sq mi) (2006)[2]
Established:	1829
Area:	5386 km² (2079. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi)
Time zone:  • Summer (DST)	+8 (UTC) +9 (UTC)
Location:	2724 km (1693 mi) from Adelaide 4045 km (2513 mi) from Darwin 3452 km (2145 mi) from Melbourne 4144 km (2575 mi) from Sydney
State District:	Perth (and 33 others)
Federal Division:	Perth (and 10 others)
Mean Max Temp Mean Min Temp Rainfall 23. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Daylight saving time ( DST The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 State Electoral District is a term used to refer to an electorate within the Lower House or Legislative The Electoral district of Perth is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. The Australian House of Representatives is elected from 150 single-member districts called Divisions. The Division of Perth is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Western Australia. 3 °C 74 °F 13. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 3 °C 56 °F 869. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 4 mm 34. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 2 in

Location of Perth within Australia

Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia, and the fourth-largest city in Australia, with a population of 1,554,769 (2007 estimate). There are eight capital cities in Australia, all of which function at a sub-national level For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of 8 states and territories controlled under a federal system of government Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. ^[1] One of its LGAs, the City of Perth, is currently the fastest growing area in Australia in percentage terms (10% per year). Local Government Area (abbreviated LGA) is a term used in Australia (and especially by the Australian Bureau of Statistics) to refer to areas controlled The City of Perth is a Local Government Area in and around the Central business district of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia ^[3]

Perth was founded on 11 June 1829 by Captain James Stirling as the political centre of the free settler Swan River Colony. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Bold text' ]] ==Family background==He was the fifth son of eight of the fifteen children of Andrew Stirling Esq Swan River Colony was a British settlement established at the Swan River on the west coast of Australia in 1829 It has continued to serve as the seat of Government for Western Australia to the present day.

The metropolitan area is located in the south west of the continent between the Indian Ocean and a low coastal escarpment known as the Darling Range. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface The Darling Scarp (previously known as the Darling Range or Darling Ranges) is a low Escarpment running north-south to the east of the The central business district and suburbs of Perth are situated on the Swan River. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city The Swan River estuary flows through the city of Perth, in the south west of Western Australia.

History

Main article: History of Perth, Western Australia

Prehistory

Rottnest, Carnac and Garden Islands

Before European settlement the area had been inhabited by the Whadjuk Noongar people for over 40,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological findings on the Upper Swan River. See also History of Western Australia This article details the History of Perth from the first human activity in the region to the 20th century Whadjuk, also called Wadjuk, Whajook and Wadjug, is the name according to Norman Tindale for the Aboriginal group inhabiting The Noongar (alternate spellings Nyungar / Nyoongar / Nyoongah / Nyungah / Nyugah) are an Indigenous Australian people who live ^[4] These Aborigines occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia, living as hunter-gatherers. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. The lakes on the coastal plain were particularly important to them, providing both spiritual and physical sustenance.

Rottnest, Carnac and Garden Islands were also important to the Noongar. Rottnest Island is located 18 km off the coast of Western Australia, near Fremantle. Carnac Island, Western Australia ( Is an A Class nature reserve approximately 10 kilometres south west of Fremantle In 1803 French explorer Louis Garden Island is a slender island about ten kilometres long and one and a half kilometres wide lying about five kilometres off the Western Australian coast About 5,000 years ago the sea levels were low enough that they could walk to the limestone outcrops.

The area where Perth now stands was called Boorloo by the Aboriginals living there at the time of their first contact with Europeans in 1827. Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of the Yellagonga, one of several groups based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a larger group of thirteen or more tribes which formed the south west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar (The People), also sometimes called the Bibbulmun. The Noongar (alternate spellings Nyungar / Nyoongar / Nyoongah / Nyungah / Nyugah) are an Indigenous Australian people who live

On 19 September 2006, the Federal Court of Australia brought down a judgment recognising Noongar native title over the Perth metropolitan area, in the case of Bennell v State of Western Australia [2006] FCA 1243. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Federal Court of Australia is the Australian court in which most civil disputes and some summary criminal matters governed by federal law are decided Native title is a concept in the Law of Australia that recognises in certain cases there was and is a continued beneficial legal interest in land held by local Indigenous ^[5]

Early European sightings

The first documented European sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. Willem de Vlamingh (born 28 November 1640, Vlieland - around 1698 was a Dutch sea-captain who explored the southwest coast of Australia Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. ^[6] Subsequent sightings between this date and 1829 were made by other Europeans, but as in the case of the sighting and observations made by Vlamingh, the area was considered to be inhospitable and unsuitable for the agriculture which would be needed to sustain a settlement.

The Foundation of Perth 1829 by George Pitt Morison is an historically accurate reconstruction of the official ceremony by which Perth was founded. The Foundation of Perth 1829 is a 1929 oil-on-canvas painting by George Pitt Morison. George Pitt Morison ( 31 August 1861 – 4 September 1946) was an Australian painter and engraver noted particularly for his painting

The Round House built in 1830 is the oldest remaining building in Western Australia

Government House, Western Australia

The Swan River Colony

See also: Swan River Colony

Although the British Army had established a base at King George Sound (later Albany) on the south coast of western Australia in 1826 in response to rumours that the area would be annexed by France, Perth was the first full scale settlement by Europeans in the western third of the continent. ----The Round House ( is the oldest building still standing in Western Australia. Swan River Colony was a British settlement established at the Swan River on the west coast of Australia in 1829 The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Albany ( is located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia, situated around a port on the southern coast This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, but was known informally for many years as the Swan River Colony after the area's major watercourse.

On 4 June 1829, newly arriving British colonists had their first view of the mainland and Western Australia's Foundation Day has since been recognised by a public holiday on the first Monday in June each year. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Captain James Stirling, aboard the Parmelia, said that Perth was "as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. The Parmelia was a Barque that was used to transport the first civilian officials and settlers of the Swan River Colony to Western Australia " On 12 August that year, Mrs. Helen Dance, wife of the Captain of the second ship Sulphur, cut down a tree to mark the founding of the town.

It is clear that Stirling had already selected the name Perth for the capital well before the town was proclaimed, as his proclamation of the colony, read in Fremantle on 18 June, ended "[g]iven under my hand and Seal at Perth this 18th Day of June 1829. James Stirling Lieutenant Governor"^[7] The only information on the source of the name comes from Fremantle's diary entry for 12 August, which records that they "named the Town Perth according to the wishes of Sir George Murray. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid "^[8] Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. Perth (Peairt is a town and former Royal burgh in central Scotland. The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies. Perthshire was a County constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords It is therefore often asserted that the name was given in Murray's honour. ^[9][10][11]

Beginning in 1831, hostile encounters between the British settlers and Aborigines of the local Noongar tribe – both large-scale land users with conflicting land value systems – increased considerably as the colony grew. This violent phase of the region's history culminated in a series of events in which the British overcame the indigenous people, including the execution of Whadjuk tribal chief Midgegooroo, the death of his son Yagan in 1833, and the Battle of Pinjarra in 1834. Midgegooroo (date of birth unknown died 22 May 1833) was an Indigenous Australian of the Nyungar nation who played a key role in Indigenous Yagan (ˈjeɪgən rhymes with pagan) (c 1795 – 11 July 1833 was a Noongar warrior who played a key part in early indigenous Australian resistance The Battle of Pinjarra was a conflict that occurred in Pinjarra Western Australia, between a group of 60 to 80 Australian Aborigines and a detachment of 25 soldiers

By 1843, when the tribal chief Yellagonga died, his tribe had begun to disintegrate after having been dispossessed of the land around the main settlement area of Perth. They retreated to the swamps and lakes north of the settlement area including Third Swamp, known to them as Boodjamooling. Boodjamooling continued to be a main campsite for the remaining Noongar people in the Perth region, and was also used by travellers, itinerants, and homeless people. By the gold-rush days of the 1890s they were joined by miners who were en-route to the goldfields. ^[12]

In 1850, Western Australia was opened to convicts at the request of farming and business people looking for cheap labour. The convict era of Western Australia was the period during which Western Australia was a Penal colony of the British Empire. ^[13] Queen Victoria announced the city status of Perth in 1856. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ^[14]

Federation and beyond

Perth, 1968

After a referendum in 1900,^[15] Western Australia joined the Federation of Australia in 1901. The federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South ^[14] It was the last of the Australian colonies to agree to join the Federation, and did so only after the other colonies had offered several concessions, including the construction of a transcontinental railway line to Perth (via Kalgoorlie) from the eastern states.

In 1933, Western Australia voted in a referendum to leave the Australian union, with a majority of two to one in favour of independence. ^[15] However, an election held shortly before the referendum had turned out the incumbent "pro-independence" government, replacing it with a government which did not support the independence movement. Respecting the result of the referendum, the new government nonetheless petitioned the Agent General of United Kingdom for independence, where the request was simply ignored. An Agent-General was the representative in the United Kingdom of the government of a British colony in Canada, South Africa, Australia ^[16]

Perth has prospered by becoming a key service centre for the natural resource industries, being the closest city to huge reserves of gold, iron ore, nickel, alumina, manganese, diamonds, mineral sands, coal, oil, and natural gas. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. In Mineralogy, diamond is the allotrope of carbon where the carbon atoms are arranged in Heavy mineral Sands are a class of Ore deposit which is an important source of Zirconium, Titanium, Thorium, Tungsten, An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, ^[17] Most of the world's major resource and engineering companies have offices in Perth. Partially as a result of this influx, Perth has become highly ethnically diverse, with over 27% of inhabitants having been born overseas (495,240 persons) and a further 414,000 having an overseas born parent (2001 census). 11% speak a language other than English at home. Two thirds of the Perth population are of the Christian faith, with other major religions including Buddhism and Islam. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The proportion of the population that has no religious affiliation has remained consistent since 1991.

Geography

Perth is one of the most isolated metropolitan areas on Earth. The nearest city to Perth with a population over 1 million is Adelaide in South Australia, which is 2,104 kilometres (1,307 mi) away. Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Perth is geographically closer to East Timor and Jakarta, Indonesia, than it is to Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane. East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland It is the antipode of Hamilton, Bermuda. The antipodes refer to lands and peoples located on the opposite side of the World compared to the speaker Hamilton is the Capital of Bermuda. Although there is a parish of the same name, the city of Hamilton is in the parish of Pembroke.

Central business district

The central business district of Perth is bounded by the Swan River to the south and east, with Kings Park on the western end, while the railway lines form a northern border. Kings Park is a park located on the western edge of Perth, Western Australia Central business district. St Georges Terrace is the prominent street of the area with 1. St Georges Terrace is the main Street in the city of Perth Western Australia. 3 million m² of office space in the CBD. ^[18] Hay Street and Murray Street have most of the retail and entertainment facilities. Hay Street is a major road through the CBD of Perth, Western Australia. Murray Street is one of four main east-west roads within the Perth CBD. The tallest building in the city is Central Park, which is the sixth tallest building in Australia,^[19] although it is likely to be surpassed by the planned BHP Tower in the near future. The Central Park tower is the tallest Skyscraper in Perth the capital of the state of Western Australia and the seventh tallest skyscraper in ^[20] With the current resources-based boom the skyline will change dramatically with at least eleven 100 m+ buildings either being currently or soon to be built. ^[21]

Panorama of the Perth foreshore from Kings Park taken in the afternoon. Kings Park is a park located on the western edge of Perth, Western Australia Central business district.

Resources Quarter

The 'Resources Quarter' is an area in the Perth CBD which includes St Georges Tce, Hay and Murray Streets between William Street to the East and The Barracks Arch to the West. St Georges Terrace is the main Street in the city of Perth Western Australia. Hay Street is a major road through the CBD of Perth, Western Australia. Murray Street is one of four main east-west roads within the Perth CBD. William Street is a suburban distributor and one of two major cross-streets in Perth, Western Australia. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST internal designation HT-7U is an experimental Superconducting Tokamak Magnetic fusion energy The Barracks Arch is located on the corner of Malcolm and Elder Streets at the western end of St Georges Terrace in Perth, Western Australia. This article refers to the cardinal direction for other uses see West (disambiguation. The Resources Quarter is known as such due to the significant number of resource industry companies with offices in the area. Companies such as Woodside, BHP Billiton and RioTinto all have a significant presence in the area. Woodside Petroleum Limited is an Australian Petroleum exploration and production company Rio Tinto is a multinational Mining and resources group founded originally in 1873 ResourcesNet is a free publicly available Wi-Fi Service offered by the The Chamber of Minerals and Energy (CME) with support from a number of resource organisations. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used ^[22]

Geology and landforms

Satellite image of Perth

Perth is set on the Swan River, named after the native black swans in 1697 by Willem de Vlamingh, captain of a Dutch expedition. The Black Swan ( Cygnus atratus) is a large waterbird which breeds mainly in the southeast and southwest regions of Australia. Willem de Vlamingh (born 28 November 1640, Vlieland - around 1698 was a Dutch sea-captain who explored the southwest coast of Australia ^[23] Traditionally, this water body has been known by local inhabitants as Derbal Yerrigan. ^[24] The city centre and most of the suburbs are located on the sandy and relatively flat Swan Coastal Plain, which lies between the Darling Scarp and the Indian Ocean. The Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia is the geographic feature that lies directly west of the Darling Scarp, and which contains the Swan River The Darling Scarp (previously known as the Darling Range or Darling Ranges) is a low Escarpment running north-south to the east of the The soils of this area are quite infertile. The metropolitan area extends to Yanchep in the north, Mandurah in the south, total distance of approximately 125 kilometres (78 mi) by road. Yanchep is an outer northern suburb of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. Mandurah is a city in Western Australia located approximately south of the state capital Perth, Western Australia. From the Coast in the west to Mundaring in the east, a total distance of approximately 50 kilometres (30 mi) by road. Mundaring is located 34 km east of Perth on the Great Eastern Highway and is the location of the Shire of Mundaring. This means that the area of Perth is over 1. 5 million acres (6,100 km²).

The coastal suburbs take advantage of Perth's oceanside location and clean beaches. To the east, the city is bordered by a low escarpment called the Darling Scarp. Perth is on generally flat, rolling land - largely due to the high amount of sandy soils and deep bedrock. Bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet usually the Earth. This abundance of sand has resulted in West Australians' being given the nickname sandgropers by the rest of the country. The Perth metropolitan area has two major river systems; the first is made up of the Swan and Canning Rivers. The Canning River is a major Tributary of the Swan River in southwestern Western Australia. The second is that of the Serpentine and Murray Rivers, which discharge into the Peel Estuary at Mandurah. The Serpentine River source is in the Darling Scarp and the river discharges into the Peel inlet near Mandurah Western Australia.

Climate

Perth receives moderate though highly seasonal rainfall. Summers are generally hot and dry, lasting from late December to late March, with February generally being the hottest month of the year, making Perth a classic example of a Mediterranean climate. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide Summer is not completely devoid of rain with sporadic rainfall in the form of short-lived thunderstorms, weak cold fronts and on very rare occasions decaying tropical cyclones which can bring significant falls. The hottest ever recorded temperature in Perth was 46. 2 °C (115 °F) on 23 February 1991. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Winters are relatively cool and rather moist, though the once reliable winter rainfall has been declining steadily in recent years. The coldest temperature recorded was -0. 7 °C (30. 7 °F) on 17 June 2006, and the only temperature ever recorded below the freezing point. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The coldest temperature recorded in the Perth metropolitan area was -3. 4 degrees Celsius on June 17 2006 at Jandakot airport. ^[25] Even in mid-winter, maximum daytime temperatures only occasionally fall below 16 °C (60 °F). Though most rainfall occurs during winter, the wettest day ever was unusually on 9 February 1992 when 121 millimetres (4. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) 75 in) fell. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. On most summer afternoons a sea breeze, also known as "The Fremantle Doctor", blows from the south-west, cooling the city by up to 15°C. A sea-breeze (or onshore breeze) is a Wind from the sea that develops over land near coasts The Fremantle Doctor, or 'The Freo Doctor' is the Western Australian Vernacular term for the cooling afternoon Sea breeze which occurs during

Governance

Parliament House, Perth.

Perth houses the Parliament of Western Australia and the Governor of Western Australia. The Parliament of Western Australia consists of the Western Australian Legislative Council, the Western Australian Legislative Assembly and the Governor The Governor of Western Australia is the representative in Western Australia of Australia 's Monarch Queen Elizabeth II. Under the new one-vote, one-value laws seats in city and country areas will be roughly of equal population size, which will mean that 42 of the Legislative Assembly's 59 seats will be based in Perth at the next state election. Perth is represented by 11 seats in the Federal House of Representatives. The metropolitan area is divided into over 30 local government bodies. The City of Perth is the local government authority responsible for the Perth Central business district, however this covers a very small section of the Perth urban area. The City of Perth is a Local Government Area in and around the Central business district of Perth, the capital city of Western Australia A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city

Australia's High Court holds regular sittings in Perth, with permanent Federal Court operations. The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. The highest court under Western Australian law, the Supreme Court is based in Perth, along with the District, Family and Magistrates' Courts. The Supreme Court of Western Australia is the highest state court in the Australian State of Western Australia. The District Court of Western Australia is the intermediate court in Western Australia. The Family Court of Western Australia is a State Court that deals with Family Law. The Magistrates Court of Western Australia is the first tier court in Western Australia, a state of Australia.

The Metropolitan Region Scheme (MRS) is the legal land plan covering the Perth metropolitan region. The Metropolitan Region Scheme (MRS is the legal land plan covering Town planning throughout the metropolitan region of Perth Western Australia. It is a large town planning scheme for land use in the Perth metropolitan area. The MRS has been in operation since 1963 and provides the legal basis for planning in the Perth metropolitan region.

Demographics

Perth is Australia's fourth largest city, having overtaken Adelaide's population in the early 1980s. At the 2006 Census 1,445,079 persons resident in the Perth statistical area were enumerated.

Ethnic groups

In 2006, the largest ancestry groups in the Perth metropolitan areas were: English (534,555 or 28. 6 per cent), "Australian" (479,174 or 25. 6 per cent), Irish (115,384 or 6. Irish Australians are the third largest Ethnic group in Australia, after Australian and English 2 per cent), Scottish (113,846 or 6. 1 per cent), Italian (84,331 or 4. 5 per cent) and Chinese (53,390 or 2. 9 per cent). There were 3,101 Aboriginals in the city (0. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. 2 per cent). ^[24]

Perth's population is notable for the high proportion of British-born residents. At the 2006 Census 142,424 British-born Perth residents were counted^[26], narrowly behind Sydney (145,261),^[27] despite having just 35% of the overall population of Sydney.

The ethnic make-up of Perth changed in the middle of the twentieth century, when significant numbers of Italian and Greek immigrants arrived in the city. Italian Australians are one of the largest Ethnic groups in Australia. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Prior to this, Perth's population had been almost completely Anglo-Celtic in ethnic origin. Anglo-Celtic Australian is an Ethnic or cultural category used to describe Australians with British and/or Irish ancestral origins As Fremantle was the first landfall in Australia for many migrant ships coming from Europe in the 1950s and 1960s, Perth started to experience a diverse influx which included Dutch, Germans, Croats, Serbs, Poles, Czechs, Russians, Ukrainians, and Macedonians and many others. Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Czechs (Češi ˈt͡ʃɛʃɪ archaic Čechové) are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens The Macedonians (Македонци transliterated Makedonci) also referred to as Macedonian Slavs --> --> are a South Slavic people The Italian influence in the Perth and Fremantle area has been substantial, evident in places like the "Cappuccino strip" in Fremantle featuring many Italian eateries and shops. In Fremantle the traditional Italian blessing of the fleet festival is held every year at the start of the fishing season. Suburbs surrounding the Fremantle area such as Spearwood and Hamilton Hill also contain high concentrations of Italians, Croatians and Portuguese. Perth also has a vibrant Jewish community — numbering 5,082 in 2006 — who emigrated primarily from eastern Europe and more recently from South Africa. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Another more recent wave of arrivals include European minorities from Southern Africa. Southern Africa is the Southernmost Region of the African Continent, variably defined by Geography or Geopolitics. The South Africa-born overtook those born in Italy to become the fourth largest birthplace group after 2001. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest By 2006, there were 18,825 South Africa-born in Perth, accounting for 1. 3 per cent of the city's people^[26]. Many Afrikaners and Anglo-Africans from South Africa and Zimbabwe emigrated to Perth during the 1980s and 1990s, to the extent that the city has been described as "the Australian capital of South Africans in exile". The term Afrikaner people refers to white Afrikaans -speaking people who have been established in Southern Africa since the 17th century and are mainly of northwestern Anglo-Africans are people of primarily Sub-Saharan Africa whose first language is English. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election ^[28]. The phrase "Packing for Perth" has become associated with South Africans who choose to emigrate abroad, sometimes regardless of the destination.

Area of the Perth Metropolitan Region Scheme

In the last three decades, South East Asia has become an increasingly important source of migrants, with communities from Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, and India all now well-established. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Singapore Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country There were 53,390 persons of Chinese descent in Perth in 2006 — 2. A Chinese Australian is an Australian of Chinese heritage In the 2006 Australian Census, 669890 Australian residents (or 3 9 per cent of the city's population. ^[29]

The Indian community includes a substantial number of Parsees who emigrated from Bombay — Perth being the closest Australian city to India — and the India-born population of the city at the time of the 2006 census was 14,094 or 0. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial 8 per cent. ^[30] Perth is also home to the largest population of Anglo-Burmese in the world; many settled here following the Independence of Burma in 1948 and the city is now the cultural hub for Anglo-Burmese worldwide. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Alongside the Anglo-Burmese, there is also a substantial Anglo-Indian population in Perth, who also settled in the city following the Independence of India. Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry and the term is sometimes used in the West. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Economy

Perth has a booming economy, primarily due to the rising demands for raw minerals from emerging economies, especially China. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES This has led to a mining boom, which is having a great impact not only for Perth, but for the whole state of Western Australia. From 2006-2007, mining accounted for 30% of the state's total output^[31] and 50% of the state's exports. In addition, Perth is so important to mining and energy projects that it controls about 80% or at least $A 11. 7 B worth of Australia's total projects. As such, 25% of the world's largest mining companies have bases in Perth with Rio Tinto, Woodside Petroleum and BHP Billiton just to name a few. Rio Tinto is a multinational Mining and resources group founded originally in 1873 Woodside Petroleum Limited is an Australian Petroleum exploration and production company The economic growth rate in 2006 was more than that of China's which is already at a staggering 10%. ^[32]

Having highly-skilled workers, bustling retail services and state of the art infrastructure, economic growth is expected to remain at the current rates for a while, or at least until China and other emerging economies are fully developed. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

Perth being the heart of Western Australia in culture, business, tourism and retail services has consistent unemployment levels of less than 4%. As such, the city is drawing thousands of jobs providing accommodation for the many who flock back to the city centre.

As for tourists, more than 2 million interstate and international visitors inject millions into the local economy through hotel and retail services as many world cities are increasingly becoming service economies. Service economy can refer to one or both of two recent economic developments

Education

See also: Western Australia for general information on education in Western Australia

Perth is home to four public universities: the University of Western Australia, Murdoch University, Curtin University of Technology, Edith Cowan University. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. The University of Western Australia (UWA is the oldest university in the state of Western Australia. Murdoch University is a public University based in Perth, Australia. Curtin University of Technology is a University with its main campus at Bentley, southeast of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. Edith Cowan University (ECU is located in Perth, Western Australia. There is also one private university, the University of Notre Dame. The University of Notre Dame Australia (UNDA is a private Roman Catholic University established in 1990 in the Western Australian port

The University of Western Australia is located at Crawley

The University of Western Australia, which was founded in 1911,^[33] is renowned as one of Australia's leading research institutions. The university's monumental neo-classical architecture, most of which is carved from white limestone, is a notable tourist destination in the city.

Curtin University of Technology is Western Australia's largest university by student population, and was known from its founding in 1966 until 1986 as the Western Australian Institute of Technology (WAIT) and had amalgamated with Western Australian School of Mines and the Muresk Institute. Curtin University of Technology is a University with its main campus at Bentley, southeast of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. Curtin University of Technology is a University with its main campus at Bentley, southeast of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. The Western Australian School of Mines (WASM is a department of the Curtin University of Technology, located on the Kalgoorlie Campus in the heart of Australia The Muresk Institute is a department of Curtin University of Technology in Western Australia. It has a rapidly growing research reputation and is the only Western Australian university to produce PhD recipients of the AINSE gold medal, the highest possible recognition for PhD level research excellence in Australia and New Zealand. ^[34]

Murdoch University was established in the 1970s, and is Australia's largest campus in geographical area (2. Murdoch University is a public University based in Perth, Australia. 27 square kilometres), necessary to accommodate Western Australia's only veterinary school. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent.

Edith Cowan University was established in the early 1990s from the existing Western Australian College of Advanced Education (WACAE) which itself was formed in the 1970s from the existing Teachers Colleges at Claremont, Churchlands, and Mount Lawley. Edith Cowan University (ECU is located in Perth, Western Australia. The College of Advanced Education (CAE was a class of Australian Tertiary education institution that existed from 1967 until the early 1990s It incorporates the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA). The Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA Edith Cowan University was established in 1980 to provide performing arts tuition comparable to the highest calibre of national and

The University of Notre Dame Australia was established in 1990. The University of Notre Dame Australia (UNDA is a private Roman Catholic University established in 1990 in the Western Australian port Notre Dame was established as a Catholic university with its lead campus in Fremantle and a large campus in Sydney. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 It is the only Western Australian University with a campus in another major Australian city. Its campus in Fremantle is set in the west end of Fremantle within historic port buildings built in the 1890s giving Notre Dame a distinct European University atmosphere. Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of Notre Dame is affiliated with the University of Notre Dame in Indiana USA. The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame) (ˌnoʊtɚˈdeɪm is a private Roman Catholic Research university located in The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It is also the fastest growing University in Australia.

Colleges of TAFE provide trade and vocational training, including Diploma level courses. Technical and Further Education or TAFE (pronounced) institutions provide a wide range of predominantly vocational tertiary education courses in Australia TAFE was formed in the 1970s to provide technical courses previously offered by WACAE.

Media

Television

Perth is served by 5 free to air stations (ABC, Seven Network, Nine Network, Network Ten and SBS. Free-to-air (FTA Television (TV and Radio broadcasts are sent unencrypted and may be received via any suitable receiver Free-to-view The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. The Seven Network is an Australian television network, owned by the Seven Media Group. The Nine Network, or Channel Nine, is an Australian television network based in Willoughby, a suburb on the North Shore of Sydney Network Ten, or Channel Ten, is one of Australia 's three major commercial television networks. The Special Broadcasting Service (SBS is one of two government-funded Australian Public broadcasting radio and television networks, the other being the ), a community station (Channel 31) and the Pay TV Foxtel Network. Channel 31 refers to several television stations Channel 31 (Australia Foxtel is an Australian Pay television company formed through a joint venture between Telstra, News Corporation and Consolidated Media Regional Western Australia is served by ABC, GWN, WIN, SBS and Foxtel. The Golden West Network, often abbreviated to GWN, is an Australian television network owned by Prime Television Limited that is based in WIN Television is an Australian television network owned by the WIN Corporation that is based in Wollongong, New South Wales Australia Foxtel is an Australian Pay television company formed through a joint venture between Telstra, News Corporation and Consolidated Media Perth has its own local newsreaders on Channels 2 (ABC), 7 and 9. 10 Network readers are based in Sydney. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Seven's weekly presenters are Rick Ardon and Susannah Carr, presenters for Nine are Dixie Marshall and Greg Pearce, and the presenter for Ten is Tim Webster. Rick Ardon (born 4 March 1959 in Perth Western Australia) is a news presenter on Seven News in Perth, Western Australia Susannah Carr is an Western Australian television News anchor. Dixie Marshall is the senior News anchor for National Nine News in Perth, a position she has had since 2002 although she has been with Channel 9 since Greg Pearce is the current co-anchor of National Nine News in Perth a position he has held since early 2008 Tim Webster (born 15 December 1951) is a former Australian Television and current Radio personality The ABC news anchor is Alicia Gorey. Alicia Gorey (b 19th September 1981) is an Australian News presenter She was the lead anchor for the ABC News in Western Australia

Television shows produced in Perth

• Today Tonight, Perth version (1995— , TVW)
• The Force (2007— , TVW)
• Can We Help (ABC)
• Stateline, Western Australia edition, (ABC)
• The Western Front (TEN/WIN)

Telethon

Main article: Channel Seven Perth Telethon

Each year around October, Channel 7 Perth holds a Telethon to raise funds for Princess Margaret Hospital for Children (Located in Subiaco, west of Perth). Today Tonight is an Australian tabloid current affairs program produced by the Seven Network and shown weeknightly at 6 The Force Behind the Line is an Australian observational documentary television series about the Western Australia Police. Stateline is a television current affairs programme produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The Channel Seven Perth Telethon, also known simply as Telethon, is an annual Telethon produced by TVW, a Seven Network owned Television A telethon is a Fundraising event broadcast on Television that lasts many hours or even days the purpose of which is to raise Money for a charitable political Princess Margaret Hospital for Children ( PMH) is a centre for paediatric research and care Subiaco is an inner western suburb of Perth, Western Australia, situated to the north of Kings Park. It is arguably the most successful telethon in the world. Telethon 2007 celebrated its 40th anniversary and raised over 6. 5 million Australian Dollars. The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas

Newspapers

The main newspapers for Perth are The West Australian and The Sunday Times. The West Australian (often simply called The West) is the only locally-edited daily newspaper published in Perth Western Australia, and is owned by The Sunday Times is a News Corporation owned Sunday Tabloid newspaper distributed throughout Western Australia. The local Community paper has different issues for each local government area. There are also many advertising newspapers, such as The Quokka.

Radio

Perth has many radio stations on both AM and FM frequencies. ABC stations include News Radio (585AM), 720 ABC Perth, Radio National (810AM), Classic FM (97. ABC NewsRadio is an Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio service devoted to delivering live and 24-hour news updates and information 720 ABC Perth is an ABC radio station located in Perth Western Australia. ABC Radio National is an Australia-wide Radio network broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation with many various programs involving News and ABC Classic FM is an Australian classical music Radio station available in major centres around the country 7FM) and Triple J (99. Triple J is a nationally-networked government-funded Australian radio station (a division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation) mainly aimed 3FM). The 6 commercial stations are: FM- 92.9, Nova 93.7, Mix 94.5, 96fm, and AM- 882 6PR and 1080 6IX. Nova 937 (call sign 6PER) is a commercial radio station in Perth, Western Australia. MIX 945 (official callsign 6MIX is a commercial music radio station owned by Austereo in Perth Western Australia. 6PR, known as 882 6PR, is a commercial Radio station based in Perth, Australia. 6IX is historically one of the earlier radio stations in Perth Western Australia, initially run by W

Major community radio stations include RTRFM (92. RTRFM (call sign 6RTR is a not-for-profit Community radio station based in Perth, Western Australia. 1FM), Sonshine FM (98. 5FM) and Curtin FM (100. 1FM).

Culture

Perth Convention Exhibition Centre seen from the air between the Perth CBD and Swan River

Perth Cultural Centre is both an area of central Perth and the collective name for the main buildings of the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Western Australian Museum, Alexander Library, State Records Office and Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA). The Perth Convention Exhibition Centre ( is a convention centre located in Perth Western Australia. Perth Cultural Centre is an area of central Perth Western Australia and the collective name for the buildings of the Art Gallery of Western Australia, Western The Art Gallery of Western Australia is a public gallery that is part of the Perth Cultural Centre in Perth Western Australia. The Western Australian Museum is the main Museum for the state of Western Australia. The State Library of Western Australia consists of the State Reference Library and the J S Battye Library within the building known as the Alexander Library Building The State Records Office of Western Australia (SROWA is the Western Australian government archive authority created by legislation separating government archival services from Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA is Western Australia 's premiere contemporary visual and performance arts venue

Museums

The Western Australian Museum holds an extensive display of Aboriginal artefacts as well as numerous zoological and social exhibits.

The new (2002) Western Australian Maritime Museum in Fremantle displays maritime objects from all eras and includes a former Royal Australian Navy submarine. The Western Australian Museum is the main Museum for the state of Western Australia. The Royal Australian Navy ( RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. It also houses Australia II, the yacht that won the Americas Cup in 1983. The Australia II is a 12-metre class Yacht, and the first successful challenger for the America's Cup after 132 years

Art galleries

The West Australian Art Gallery houses the state's premier art collection and hosts numerous impressive visiting exhibitions, like the 2006 Norman Lindsay exhibition. Norman Alfred William Lindsay ( 22 February 1879 – 21 November 1969) was an Australian artist Additional exhibits occur at PICA and many other smaller venues on a regularly across Perth.

Sport

Main article: Sport in Western Australia

The most popular sports are Australian Football and Cricket. Sport is an important part of the culture of Western Australia. Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries The climate of Perth allows for extensive outdoor sport activity, and this is reflected in the wide variety of sports available to citizens of the city. Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Perth was host to the 1962 Commonwealth Games and also the 1987 America's Cup defence (based at Fremantle). The 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Perth, Western Australia, Australia from 22 November-1 December 1962 The America’s Cup is the most prestigious Regatta and Match race in the sport of Sailing, and the oldest active Trophy in international Australian rules football is the most popular spectator sport in Perth - some 1,030,000 people attended WAFL or AFL matches in 2005. Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players Current teams The teams currently playing in the WAFL are Salary Cap The WAFL is classed as a Semi-professional competition and has a Salary The Australian Football League (AFL is both the professional Australian national competition in the Sport of Australian Rules Football and its highest

Perth is home to several elite sporting teams from various sports:

• Australian Football: West Coast Eagles and the Fremantle Dockers
• Rugby League: WA Reds
• Basketball: Perth Wildcats
• Cricket: Retravision Warriors
• Football (soccer): Perth Glory
• Rugby Union: Western Force
• Netball: West Coast Fever (Formally Perth Orioles)

Perth also has and is currently home to numerous state and international sporting events such as:

• In 2002, Perth hosted the World Lacrosse Games,^[35] which included the World Lacrosse Championships (won by the United States), the Australian Youth Lacrosse Championship, a Masters (35+ year old), Grandmasters (45+), and International Open Championships. West Coast Eagles Football Club is an Australian rules football club competing in the Australian Football League. Fremantle Football Club, unofficially nicknamed The Dockers and known informally as "Freo" is one of 16 teams in the Australian Football League (AFL History The 1980s Formed in 1982 as the Westate Wildcats, the Wildcats became the first and so far only Western Australian club to compete in the NBL The Western Warriors (referred to as Retravison Warriors for sponsorship reasons are an Australian first class cricket team based in Perth, Western Australia Perth Glory FC is an association football (soccer club from Perth Western Australia, playing in the A-League. Western Force is a Rugby union team based in Perth, Western Australia playing in the international Super 14 competition The West Coast Fever are an Australian Netball team The Fever represent Western Australia in the ANZ Championship. The Perth Orioles were an Australian netball team which became the West Coast Fever for the ANZ Championship.

• The 1991 and 1998 FINA World Championships were held in Perth. The FINA World Championships or World Aquatics Championships are the World Championships for aquatic sports diving swimming open water swimming synchronized swimming ^[36]

• Every year Perth hosts the Hopman Cup, an international tennis tournament, generally in the first week of January. The Hopman Cup is an annual international team Tennis Tournament founded by Paul McNamee and Charlie Fancutt, and held in Perth Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) This is held at the Burswood Dome, and is broadcast internationally. The Burswood Entertainment Complex is located on the Swan River some five minutes from the city of Perth Western Australia, and is owned by Crown Limited

• Perth frequently hosts international Rugby Union games as part of the Tri-Nations and Bundaberg Rum Rugby Series. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short The Tri Nations is an annual international Rugby union series held between the national teams of Australia (the Wallabies) New Zealand (the Bundaberg Rum is a dark Rum produced in Bundaberg, Australia, often referred to as "Bundy" (19 July 2008 - Wallabies Vs Springboks ^[37]). The Australian national rugby union team is the representative side of Australia in Rugby union. The South Africa national Rugby union team (commonly referred to as the Springboks in English Springbokke in Afrikaans and Amabokoboko Perth hosted a number of games during the 2003 Rugby World Cup and has also hosted other international teams such as Ireland. The 2003 Rugby World Cup was the fifth Rugby union world cup and was won by England. The Ireland rugby union team represents the island of Ireland in Rugby union, which is a popular sport throughout both the Republic of Ireland and

• Perth is the terminus for the annual Avon Descent, a two-day, 134 kilometre white water race. The Avon Descent is an annual two-day white water event involving both paddle craft ( Kayaks surf skies and small motor boats Whitewater is formed in a Rapid, when a River 's gradient drops enough to disturb its Laminar flow and create Turbulence, i ^[38]

• Until 2006, Perth hosted the annual Rally Australia. Rally Australia is an automobile rally event which was held in and around Perth, Western Australia between 1988 and 2006

• From 2006, Perth is now host to the final leg of the Red Bull Air Race held on a stretch of the Swan River called Perth Water, using Langely Park as a temporary air field. The Red Bull Air Race World Series, established in 2003 and created by Red Bull, is an international series of air races in which competitors have to navigate a challenging Perth Water is the section of the Swan River between The Causeway to the east and Narrows Bridge to the west - a large wide but shallow section of river The 2008 qualifying runs will take place November 3, with Race Day on November 4. ^[39]

• Every summer the Australian cricket team plays a test match and a one day international match at the WACA Ground, as well as a second match between the two touring teams. The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. Test cricket is the longest form of the Sport of Cricket. It has long been considered the ultimate test of playing ability between cricketing nations NightMatchOldTraffordjpg|right|thumb|350px|A night match at Old Trafford. The WACA (pronounced wakka) is a sports Stadium in Perth Western Australia.

• Perth hosts the Gravity Games, an international Surface Water Sport competition, annually in summer. Gravity Games is a multi-sport competition originating from Providence Rhode Island that is broken down into Winter and Summer adaptations The following is a list of surface water sports; these are sports which are performed atop a body of water

Perth also boasts a large river with expansive ski zones which has led to the popularisation of many Surface Water Sports such as Skurfing, Wakeboarding, Kiteboarding, Skiing, Biscuiting to name just a few. The following is a list of surface water sports; these are sports which are performed atop a body of water "Skurfing" has two common uses Surfboard Water-skiing In this instance skurfing is used to describe a popular surface watersport in which the participant Wakeboarding is a surface Water sport which involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water behind a boat Water skiing is a Sport where an individual (or more than one individual is pulled behind a Motor boat or a cable ski installation on a body of water wearing Tubing, also known as inner tubing or even toobing, is a recreational activity of riding an Inner tube, either on water Snow, or through

Several motorsport facilities exist in Perth including Perth Motorplex, catering to drag racing and speedway, and Barbagallo Raceway for circuit racing and drifting. Perth Motorplex is a motorsport venue located at Kwinana Beach Western Australia. Barbagallo Raceway is a motorsport circuit located in Wanneroo, approximately north of Perth in Western Australia.

His Majesty's Theatre

Barrack Street, Perth

Music and performing arts

Main article: Music of Perth

See also: List of musical acts from Western Australia

Perth Concert Hall is the city's main concert venue and hosts theatre, ballet, opera and orchestral performances. Barrack Street is one of two major cross-streets in the Central business district of Perth Western Australia. See also List of musical acts from Western Australia Perth is a city in Western Australia that has produced a number of notable performers in popular music This is a list of Western Australian Musicians ( Music Artists and bands) from all Genres Because of the relative isolation The Perth Concert Hall is a concert hall in the centre of Perth, Western Australia. Other theatres include an auditorium within the Perth Convention Exhibition Centre (completed in 2005), the historic His Majesty's Theatre and Burswood Dome, which hosts music concerts. The Perth Convention Exhibition Centre ( is a convention centre located in Perth Western Australia. His Majesty's Theatre (nicknamed "The Maj" is a theatre in Perth, Western Australia. The Burswood Entertainment Complex is located on the Swan River some five minutes from the city of Perth Western Australia, and is owned by Crown Limited Outdoor concerts are held in Kings Park and Subiaco Oval, and the Convention Centre on the foreshore replaces the Burswood Dome until a more satisfactory building is established. Subiaco Oval, known colloquially as Subi, is the highest capacity sports Stadium in Perth, Western Australia.

Because of Perth's relative isolation from other Australian cities overseas artists often exclude it from their Australian tour schedules. This isolation, however, has developed a strong local music scene, leading some to dub Perth the "new Seattle". ^[40]

The three Farriss brothers, who are members of the world renowned band INXS come from Perth, and AC/DC lead singer Bon Scott is from the Fremantle area. INXS (pronounced "in excess" are an Australian rock and New Wave group AC/DC are an Australian Hard rock band formed in Sydney, Australia in 1973 by brothers Angus and Malcolm Young. Ronald Belford "Bon" Scott (9 July 1946 – 19 February 1980 was an Australian rock musician most well-known for being the lead singer and Lyricist

Perth has been a hotbed of local rock music recently producing such nationally and internationally respected acts as Eskimo Joe, End of Fashion, Little Birdy, Jebediah, The Sleepy Jackson, The Panics, The Bank Holidays, New Rules For Boats, Snowman, The Fergusons and Birds of Tokyo. Eskimo Joe is an Australian rock band whose debut album Girl went gold in 2001 End of Fashion are a rock band from Perth Western Australia. The band consists of Justin Burford (vocals/guitar Rodney Aravena (guitar and Tom King (bass For information about the Ween song see Little Birdy (song. Little Birdy is a four piece rock band from Perth, Jebediah is a four piece alternative/pop rock band from Perth, Western Australia. The Sleepy Jackson is an Alternative rock band from Perth, Western Australia. The Panics are an Indie rock band originally from Perth, Western Australia, and currently based in Melbourne Victoria The Bank Holidays are an Indie pop band from Perth, Western Australia. New Rules for Boats is a five piece band from Perth, Western Australia formed in early 2004 Snowman are an Indie rock band from Perth, Western Australia. The Fergusons were a five piece indie rock band from Perth, Western Australia. Birds Of Tokyo is an alternative rock band from Perth, Western Australia. Whilst the Hip-Hop and R&B scene has seen rise to artists such as Che'Nelle whom has an international recording contract with America's Virgin Records. Cheryline Lim (born March 10, 1983 in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia) also known as Che'Nelle is a pop / The local music culture revolves around a series of venues such as The Amplifier Bar and The Rosemount Hotel. The WAMI awards (West Australian Music Industry Awards), have been acknowledging local music since 1985. The Western Australian Music Industry Awards (commonly known as WAMis) are annual awards presented to the local contemporary music industry put on by the Western Australian .

The more popular rock concerts held in Perth are the Big Day Out (nationwide) and V Festival (Australia). The term rock concert refers to a musical performance in the style of any one of many Genres inspired by " Rock and roll " Music. The Big Day Out ( BDO) is an annual Music festival that tours Australia and New Zealand which originated in Sydney in 1992 The Australian V Festival is an Australian music festival and a spin-off of the British V Festival. The city is also the setting to the Pavement song "I Love Perth". Pavement was an American Indie rock band in the 1990s Although they experienced only moderate commercial success they achieved a significant cult

Perth has a very changeable and, at times, energetic Folk music culture. Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Bands such as The Settlers regularly played at Clancy's Fish Pub in Fremantle and the earlier line ups of the Mucky Duck Bush Band that now has regular bush dances in Whiteman Park. Whiteman Park is a 4000 hectare/40 square kilometre (10000 acre/15 mi² bushland area located 22 km north of Perth Western Australia. A favourite spot was the Hayloft in West Perth - home of WA Folk music in the 1970s and later moving to the Peninsula Hotel in Maylands. Maylands is a Suburb located approximately northeast of Perth on the northern bank of the Swan River. Perth is also home to a vibrant alternative sexuality music scene, focused especially around such nightclubs as "The Court" and "Connections". It also has a large growing electro indie scene through such nightclubs as "Cassette", the "Brass Monkey" and "Universal Bar". Perth is also known for its thriving Drum & Bass scene and is known as the capital city for Drum & Bass Music in Australia. Perth has produced several big name Drum & Bass producers such as Greg Packer and Pendulum who regularly tour overseas. Drum and bass DJ Greg Packer is based in Perth, Western Australia. Pendulum is an Australian Drum and bass group originally from Perth, Australia.

Perth is home to super models and actors such as Gemma Ward, Megan Gale and the late Heath Ledger. Gemma Louise Ward (born 3 November 1987 is an Australian model and Actress. Megan Gale (born August 7, 1975) is an Australian supermodel and Actress. Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 – 22 January 2008 was an Australian television and film actor

Perth also boasts the internationally regarded Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts of Edith Cowan University, from which many successful actors and broadcasters have launched their careers, notably actor Hugh Jackman. The Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA Edith Cowan University was established in 1980 to provide performing arts tuition comparable to the highest calibre of national and Edith Cowan University (ECU is located in Perth, Western Australia. Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October, 1968) is an Tony Award -winning and Emmy Award -winning Australian Actor

Perth is home to the West Australian Symphony Orchestra which performs a regular programme of orchestral music, usually from its base at the Perth Concert Hall. The West Australian Symphony Orchestra ( WASO) often known as the "Orchestra of the West" is the premier professional orchestra of the state of Western Australia The Perth Concert Hall is a concert hall in the centre of Perth, Western Australia. The Perth International Arts Festival also includes music in its schedule. The UWA Perth International Arts Festival is a cultural festival held in Western Australia. Opera is provided by West Australian Opera.

WA Youth Musicallows young musicians in Perth to gain performance opportunities by playing in a musical ensemble. The Western Australian Youth Orchestra is WA Youth Music's premier and flagship ensemble, however the organisation offers several other ensembles including the WA Youth Symphonic Band and the WA Youth Chorale. Acceptance is granted to amateur players under the age of 25 years. Auditions are held in November of each year.

Religion

Perth is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Perth. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Perth is a Metropolitan Archdiocese in Western Australia. Roman Catholics make up about 23% of the population, and Catholicism is the most popular single religion. Other forms of Christianity, predominantly Anglican, make up approximately 28% of the population. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Approximately one in five people from Perth profess to having no religion, with 11% of people are not specific as to their beliefs. Buddhism and Islam each claim more than 20,000 adherents, and Perth is also home to less than 5,000 Latter-Day Saints and the Perth Australia Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A Latter The Perth Australia Temple is the 106th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known

Infrastructure

The Northbridge Tunnel on the Graham Farmer Freeway

Perth Railway Station

Aerial view of Fremantle looking east towards Perth

Transport

Main article: Transport in Perth

Further information: Transperth

Perth is served by Perth Airport in the city's east for regional, domestic and international flights and Jandakot Airport in the city's southern suburbs for general aviation and charter flights. The Graham Farmer Freeway is a major part of the metropolitan road infrastructure in Perth, Western Australia. Perth Station including Perth Underground is the largest railway station in Perth Western Australia, and functions as an interchange between the Transperth Fremantle (commonly known as Freo is a Port City in Western Australia, located southwest of Perth, the state capital at the mouth of Road Perth has a road network with three freeways nine metropolitan highways and no toll roads Transperth is the brand name of the public transport system in Perth, Western Australia. Perth Airport is an Australian domestic and international Airport located south of Guildford Western Australia, and is the major commercial airport Jandakot Airport is an Australian General aviation airport located in Jandakot, Perth, Western Australia.

Perth has a road network with three freeways and nine metropolitan highways.

The Northbridge tunnel, part of the Graham Farmer Freeway, is the only significant road tunnel in Perth. The Graham Farmer Freeway is a major part of the metropolitan road infrastructure in Perth, Western Australia.

Perth metropolitan public transport, including trains, buses and ferries, are provided by Transperth, with links to rural areas provided by Transwa. A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Transperth is the brand name of the public transport system in Perth, Western Australia. Transwa is Western Australia's regional public transport provider linking 275 destinations within Western Australia, from Kalbarri in the north to Augusta in the south There are 59 railway stations and 15 bus stations in the metropolitan area. Suburban lines Armadale/Thornlie Line 21 stations Perth This is a list of the 38 Suburban Bus stations in Perth, Australia, 30 of which have a connecting train service The rail system has recently undergone significant redevelopment, with a new railway line built between Perth and Mandurah which doubled the length of Perth's railways. The railway was opened on 23 December 2007, a year after the original deadline.

Recent initiatives include progressive replacement of the bus fleet and the SmartRider contactless smartcard ticketing system. SmartRider is Transperth 's contactless electronic ticketing system using Smartcard technology for the process of charging patrons for Public transport. A smart card, chip card, or Integrated circuit card ( ICC) is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated Perth provides zero-fare bus and train trips around the city centre (the "Free Transit Zone"), including three high-frequency CAT bus routes. Zero-fare Public transport services are funded in full by means other than collecting a Fare from passengers The Perth Central Area Transit System (Perth CAT, or simply CAT, is a set of three bus routes in the centre of Perth, a bus route in Fremantle, and 4 bus Additionally, the rail network has been expanded in the northern and southern suburbs as part of the New MetroRail project. New MetroRail was a division of the Public Transport Authority in Western Australia.

The Indian Pacific passenger rail service connects Perth with Adelaide and Sydney via Kalgoorlie. Route The route leaves East Perth Station and travels first along a dual gauge section of the Midland suburban line and east to Kalgoorlie, then following The Transwa Prospector passenger rail service connects Perth with Kalgoorlie via several Wheatbelt towns, while the Transwa Australind connects to Bunbury, and the Transwa Avonlink connects to Northam. The Transwa Prospector is a standard-gauge passenger train operated by Transwa that runs between Perth, Western Australia, and the Goldfields The Wheatbelt region is one of the nine Regions of Western Australia. The Transwa Australind is a passenger train operated by Transwa that runs between Perth, Western Australia, and the south-west city of Bunbury The port of Bunbury is the third largest city in Western Australia after Mandurah and Perth the state capital The AvonLink is a Standard gauge passenger train operated by Transwa that operates between Perth, Western Australia and the Avon Valley Northam is a town in Western Australia, situated at the confluence of the Avon and Mortlock Rivers about north-east of Perth in the Avon

Rail freight terminates at the Kewdale Rail Terminal, 15 kilometres south-east of the city centre. Kewdale Freight Terminal is a large intermodal rail facility in the Perth suburb of Kewdale, Western Australia.

Perth's main container and passenger port is at Fremantle, 19 kilometres south west at the mouth of the Swan River. ^[41] A second port complex is being developed in Cockburn Sound primarily for the export of bulk commodities. Cockburn Sound is an inlet of the Indian Ocean on the coast of Western Australia.

Water supply

The distinctive WA Maritime Museum building on Victoria Quay

Reduced rainfall in the region in recent years has lowered inflow to reservoirs by two-thirds over the last 30 years, and affected groundwater levels. Coupled with the city's relatively high growth rate, this had led to concerns that Perth could run out of water in the near future. ^[42] The Western Australian State Government has responded by introducing mandatory household sprinkler restrictions in the city. Irrigation sprinklers are used on farms golf courses residential yards and other places to water crops, Lawns Gardens or other plants in the Water restrictions are currently in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages resulting from drought. In November 2006, a sea water desalination plant was opened in Kwinana, able to supply over 45 gigalitres (10 billions imperial or 12 billions U.S. gallons) of potable water per year;^[43][44] its power requirements were met by the construction of the Emu Downs Wind Farm near Cervantes. Seawater is Water from a Sea or Ocean. On average seawater in the world's oceans has a Salinity of about 3 Desalination, desalinization, or desalinisation refers to any of several processes that remove excess salt and other Minerals from Water Kwinana is a Local Government Area of Western Australia. It covers an area of approximately 118 square kilometres in metropolitan Perth, and The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 US customary units, also known in the United States as English units or Imperial units (in reference to the British Empire) (but see English A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries The 792 MW Emu Downs Wind Farm ( is a joint development between Stanwell Corporation and Griffin Energy and construction of the $180 million project commenced in This article concerns the town For other uses see Cervantes (disambiguation Cervantes is a town in Western Australia. ^[45] Consideration was given to piping water from the Kimberley region, but the idea was rejected in May 2006 due primarily to its high cost. The Kimberley is one of the nine Regions of Western Australia. ^[46] Other proposals under consideration included the controversial extraction of an extra 45 gigalitres of water a year from the Yarragadee aquifer in the south-west of the state. The Yarragadee Aquifer is a significant freshwater Aquifer located in the south west of Western Australia and predominately beneath the Swan Coastal Plain An aquifer is an underground layer of Water -bearing Permeable rock or unconsolidated materials ( Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay However, in May 2007, the state government announced that a second desalination plant will be built at Binningup, on the coast between Mandurah and Bunbury. Binningup is a town located on the coast in the South West region of Western Australia between Mandurah and Bunbury. [1]

References

External links

• Perth (Australia) travel guide from Wikitravel
• City of Perth website

Coordinates: 31°57′8″S 115°51′32″E / -31.95222, 115.85889