A steep hillside at Settimo Vittone, Piedmont, is terraced with tiers of pergolas, on which grapevines are trained. Settimo Vittone is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 50 km north of

A pergola is a garden feature forming a shaded walk or passageway of pillars that support cross beams and a sturdy open lattice, upon which woody vines are trained. Garden features are physical elements both natural and manmade used in Garden design. As a type of gazebo, it may also be part of a building, as protection for an open terrace. A gazebo is a pavilion structure, often octagonal commonly found in Parks Gardens and spacious Public areas Gazebos are freestanding or The origin of the word is the Late Latin pergula, referring to a projecting eave. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. ^[1] The term was borrowed for English from Italian, mentioned in an Italian context in 1645 and used in an English context in 1675.

Pergolas may link pavilions, may extend from a building's door to an open garden feature such as an isolated terrace or pool, or may be entirely free-standing structures providing shelter and shade to a length of walkway. In Architecture a pavilion (from French, "pavillon" from Latin "papilio" has two main significations

Pergolas are more permanent architectural features than the green tunnels of late medieval and early Renaissance gardens, which were often formed of springy "withies"—easily replaced shoots of willow or hazel—bound together at the heads to form a series of arches, then loosely woven with long slats, on which climbers were grown, to make a passage that was both cool and shaded and moderately dry in a shower. At Villa Petraia, inner and outer curving segments of such green walks, the forerunners of pergolas, give structure to the pattern, which can be viewed from the long terrace above it, and provide rare privacy in a teeming household, offering leafy glimpses into an orderly paradise, a formally-planted enclosed orchard that consciously recalled the Garden of Eden before Adam's Fall. Paradise is a word of Persian origin ( Persian: پردیس Pardìs) that is generally identified with the Garden of Eden or with Heaven. Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن,

The clearly artificial nature of the pergola made it fall from favor in the naturalistic gardening styles of the 18th and 19th century, but handsome pergolas on brick and stone pillars with powerful cross-beams were a feature of the gardens designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll and epitomize their trademark of firm structure luxuriantly planted. Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, OM, KCIE, PRA, FRIBA, LLD ( 29 March 1869 – 1 January 1944 Gertrude Jekyll ( November 29, 1843 – December 8, 1932) (surname pronounced /ˈdʒiˌkəl/) was an influential British garden

Modern pergola designs tend to favor wood over stone structures, and are thus more affordable and increasing in popularity. Generally, pergolas are either made from a weather-resistant wood, such as Red Cedar or Redwood, or are painted white.

See also

• Brise soleil
• Trellis (agriculture)
• Latticework
• Patio

References

1. ^ "pergola. Brise soleil, sometimes brise-soleil (breez-soh-ley from French, "sun breaker" in Architecture refers to a variety of permanent sun-shading A trellis is a structure usually made from interwoven pieces of wood bamboo or metal that is often made to support a Climbing plant or plants Latticework is an ornamental, lattice Framework consisting of a criss-crossed pattern of strips of Building material, usually Wood or A patio (from the Spanish patio meaning 'back garden' or 'backyard' is an outdoor space generally used for dining or Recreation that often adjoins a " Dictionary. com Unabridged (v 1. 1). Random House, Inc. 05 Mar. 2008. <Dictionary. com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pergola>.